可控柔性密封的机理与应用研究
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摘要
可控柔性密封主要用于润滑性较差、低粘度、高杂质含量的流体介质密封中,其目的是防止介质泄漏,从而节约能源、减小污染、保护环境。
论文首先对柔性密封的发展历史、研究现状进行了综述。在对密封工作领域分析、总结和归纳基础上,分析概括出了可控柔性密封的一般性特征。阐述了进行柔性密封研究的流体力学、工程力学和柔性密封理论基础,为密封流场和应力场的研究提供了理论方法。
采用橡胶材料试验数据拟合与预测的方法,研究了可控柔性密封胶芯的力学行为评价方法。指出Ogden模型和Mooney-Rivlin模型不适合柔性密封结构模拟;Arruda-Boyce模型和Yeoh模型可用于结构模拟并可作为结果的上下界来考虑;Marlow模型所给出的拟合和预测结果较为合理。修正A-B模型对密封橡胶在多个环境温度下的单向拉伸力学行为的预测结果均与实际试验数据吻合很好。
根据带压作业闸板防喷器中可控柔性密封的工作要求,提出了采用聚合物材料与高弹性橡胶组合构成可控柔性密封组件的设计思想。聚合物材料与管柱外圆周接触,承担接触压力并配合橡胶实现密封,这样可大大减少密封橡胶的磨损量,从而延长密封胶芯的工作寿命。结合密封工作原理进行胶芯受力分析,推导出密封接触压力计算模型,为闸板防喷器可控柔性密封的设计与控制提供了基础。
建立了可控柔性密封液压控制系统的数学模型,并应用MATLAB软件进行了仿真分析,明确了可控柔性密封可以在常规工况下稳定。
研制了带压作业可控柔性密封模拟试验系统,可以按照带压作业现场的实际工况进行完整的作业流程的试验,并利用该试验系统对带压作业可控柔性密封装置进行了密封性能试验、密封控制试验、密封驱动压力试验、密封副变形试验、密封副摩擦学试验等基础性和应用型试验;为进一步开发新型密封副及其配套装置提供了良好的试验平台。通过跟踪11口带压作业现场试验情况,可以证明:新研制闸板防喷器可控柔性密封能够很好的实现21MPa工作介质的滑动密封;大大提高了带压作业密封胶芯的可靠性和使用寿命,具有推广应用前景。
On-off flexible seal system is being used for fluid medium which is impurity, low lubricating and low viscosity. It can save energy and protect the environment by sealing the high pressure fluid in the well.
The summary on the development history and current research situation is implemented. The characteristics of the controllable flexible sealing are put forward based on analysis, summary and generalization of the sealing areas. The hydrodynamics principle, mechanics principle and flexible sealing principle are introduced to study the flexible sealing, which provides some theory methods for researching the sealing flow and pressure field.
The estimating method of mechanics performance of the flexible seal system is investigated by means of fitting and predicting the rubber material experimental data. The Ogden model and the Mooney-Rivlin model can not be used in computation simulation on the flexible seal system. The Arruda-Boyce model and the Yeoh model can be respectively considered as the computation simulation result upper limit and lower limit. The Marlow model can show reasonable computation simulation results, and the modified Arruda-Boyce model can fit the experimental data of uniaxial tension under different temperature condition and give better prediction about mechanics performance.
According to process features and control methods of the controllable flexible sealing in ram BOP in snubbing service, a new flexible sealing composed of polymer and elasticity rubber is being used. The polymer contacts with the pipe and bears the pressure and implements the assistant sealing in order to decrease the abrasion and prolong the lifespan of the sealing rubber. The force acting on the sealing rubber is analyzed based on the sealing operating principle. The mechanics model of sealing contact pressure is deduced. The foundation of design and control the controllable flexible sealing in the ram BOP in snubbing service is established.
The mathematics model of the hydraulic control system of the controllable flexible sealing is created, and its simulation analysis is performed by means of MATLAB software. The result shows that the dynamic performance of the controllable flexible sealing can meet design request under the general condition.
The On-off flexible sealing experiment system has been developed, which can perform the operating process and control program simulation according to the real working condition in snubbing service in oil field. Base on the experimental system, the basis test and engineering experiment can be implemented, such as the sealing performance test, the sealing control test, the sealing driving pressure test, the sealing deformation test, the sealing tribology test, and so on. It provides a benefit test condition for developing the novel controllable flexible sealing and necessary assistant device. 11 water injection wells field test under high pressure in snubbing service have proved that the on-off flexible sealing developed in paper can be used under 21MPa sealing condition with good performance. The security and lifespan of the flexible sealing in snubbing service have been greatly improved, and it will have a good popularized prospects.
论文首先对柔性密封的发展历史、研究现状进行了综述。在对密封工作领域分析、总结和归纳基础上,分析概括出了可控柔性密封的一般性特征。阐述了进行柔性密封研究的流体力学、工程力学和柔性密封理论基础,为密封流场和应力场的研究提供了理论方法。
采用橡胶材料试验数据拟合与预测的方法,研究了可控柔性密封胶芯的力学行为评价方法。指出Ogden模型和Mooney-Rivlin模型不适合柔性密封结构模拟;Arruda-Boyce模型和Yeoh模型可用于结构模拟并可作为结果的上下界来考虑;Marlow模型所给出的拟合和预测结果较为合理。修正A-B模型对密封橡胶在多个环境温度下的单向拉伸力学行为的预测结果均与实际试验数据吻合很好。
根据带压作业闸板防喷器中可控柔性密封的工作要求,提出了采用聚合物材料与高弹性橡胶组合构成可控柔性密封组件的设计思想。聚合物材料与管柱外圆周接触,承担接触压力并配合橡胶实现密封,这样可大大减少密封橡胶的磨损量,从而延长密封胶芯的工作寿命。结合密封工作原理进行胶芯受力分析,推导出密封接触压力计算模型,为闸板防喷器可控柔性密封的设计与控制提供了基础。
建立了可控柔性密封液压控制系统的数学模型,并应用MATLAB软件进行了仿真分析,明确了可控柔性密封可以在常规工况下稳定。
研制了带压作业可控柔性密封模拟试验系统,可以按照带压作业现场的实际工况进行完整的作业流程的试验,并利用该试验系统对带压作业可控柔性密封装置进行了密封性能试验、密封控制试验、密封驱动压力试验、密封副变形试验、密封副摩擦学试验等基础性和应用型试验;为进一步开发新型密封副及其配套装置提供了良好的试验平台。通过跟踪11口带压作业现场试验情况,可以证明:新研制闸板防喷器可控柔性密封能够很好的实现21MPa工作介质的滑动密封;大大提高了带压作业密封胶芯的可靠性和使用寿命,具有推广应用前景。
On-off flexible seal system is being used for fluid medium which is impurity, low lubricating and low viscosity. It can save energy and protect the environment by sealing the high pressure fluid in the well.
The summary on the development history and current research situation is implemented. The characteristics of the controllable flexible sealing are put forward based on analysis, summary and generalization of the sealing areas. The hydrodynamics principle, mechanics principle and flexible sealing principle are introduced to study the flexible sealing, which provides some theory methods for researching the sealing flow and pressure field.
The estimating method of mechanics performance of the flexible seal system is investigated by means of fitting and predicting the rubber material experimental data. The Ogden model and the Mooney-Rivlin model can not be used in computation simulation on the flexible seal system. The Arruda-Boyce model and the Yeoh model can be respectively considered as the computation simulation result upper limit and lower limit. The Marlow model can show reasonable computation simulation results, and the modified Arruda-Boyce model can fit the experimental data of uniaxial tension under different temperature condition and give better prediction about mechanics performance.
According to process features and control methods of the controllable flexible sealing in ram BOP in snubbing service, a new flexible sealing composed of polymer and elasticity rubber is being used. The polymer contacts with the pipe and bears the pressure and implements the assistant sealing in order to decrease the abrasion and prolong the lifespan of the sealing rubber. The force acting on the sealing rubber is analyzed based on the sealing operating principle. The mechanics model of sealing contact pressure is deduced. The foundation of design and control the controllable flexible sealing in the ram BOP in snubbing service is established.
The mathematics model of the hydraulic control system of the controllable flexible sealing is created, and its simulation analysis is performed by means of MATLAB software. The result shows that the dynamic performance of the controllable flexible sealing can meet design request under the general condition.
The On-off flexible sealing experiment system has been developed, which can perform the operating process and control program simulation according to the real working condition in snubbing service in oil field. Base on the experimental system, the basis test and engineering experiment can be implemented, such as the sealing performance test, the sealing control test, the sealing driving pressure test, the sealing deformation test, the sealing tribology test, and so on. It provides a benefit test condition for developing the novel controllable flexible sealing and necessary assistant device. 11 water injection wells field test under high pressure in snubbing service have proved that the on-off flexible sealing developed in paper can be used under 21MPa sealing condition with good performance. The security and lifespan of the flexible sealing in snubbing service have been greatly improved, and it will have a good popularized prospects.
引文
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