煤矿矿区自用加油站监控管理系统研究
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摘要
矿区自用加油站监控系统一般自动化程度较低,通常是由一些模拟器件(开关、指示灯、指示仪表等)构成的模拟式控制屏,这种控制方式主要依赖人工操作,存在监控画面粗糙、信息不全、数据记录统计工作量大、误差大、系统升级投资大(须更换许多硬件监控设备)、经营方式落后、财务制度不健全等问题。针对这些弊端,本文提出了用VB设计的上位机监控软件和下位机PLC构成的加油站监控系统,系统同时配合运用IC卡管理模式、人机触摸屏现场操作的设计构想和方案。本系统采用上下位机控制模式并结合了PLC、数据库、基于VB的软件设计和IC卡应用等关键技术,上位机以监控PC机为核心,配以多个读卡器;下位机以欧姆龙系列PLC为核心,配以人机触摸屏,控制终端执行机构(泵、阀、流量计等),充分发挥各自优势,经通讯后组成一个完整的加油站监控系统,实现了加油站日常作业的自动监控、规范管理。
本文同时分析了加油站经常发生的水击和过冲现象产生的原因及其影响因素。以多级关闭的发油控制方式,精确的控制了油品流量,很好地防止了“水击”的发生,同时兼顾了发油效率。考虑到过冲问题对本系统发油精度的影响,本系统设计了基于流量的过冲量自动调节法来予以解决,并在此基础上给出了计算模型和具体程序设计。系统运行的效果表明,本系统达到了提高发油精度的目的,实现了油品流量误差的智能补偿。
The automation degree of the gas stations monitoring used by coalmine usually is low.And usually it is analog control screen which is composed of analog devices(the switches, indicator lights and instruments etc.).This mode mainly depends on manual operation, there are so many issues,such as cumbersome monitor screen view, a small amount of information, the heavy workload of manual recording, big errors, large investment of system upgrading (have to replace many monitoring hardware device), operation mode backward and financial system distemperedness.In response to these shortcomings, this paper presents a new Ideas and programs,the control system is composed of the upper PC monitoring software which is programed by VB and lower PLC ,at the same time ,it also use of IC card management mode and HMI which is used for field operations. The control mode of the system combine upper and lower one and it uses many key technology, such as PLC technology, database technology, PC software design technology and IC card application technology,and so on. The core of the upper is monitoring PC,and together with series IC card readers; using the Omron Series PLC as the core of the lower witch coupled with HMI(Human-Computer Interface) to control terminal implementing agencies (pumps, valves, flow meters, etc.) ,everyone gives full play, and then they constitute a integrated monitoring system by communicating ,to carry out the aim of automated daily operations and standardized the management for monitoring stations.
This paper analyzes the reasons and the effects which generates the water hammer and overshoot phenomenon that usually happen in control system of gas station at the same time. The control system achieves the opening and closing by multistage mode to control the oil value accurately , protect against water hammer and take into account the problem of efficiency enhancing.Taking into account the impact of the overshoot problem with the hair oil accuracy of system, the system design an way to resolve it which is overshoot automatically adjust based on the flux, and on this basis, it gives the computational model and specific program designs. The system running results show that it achieves the purpose to improve the accuracy of hair oil and to achieve intelligent error compensation.
本文同时分析了加油站经常发生的水击和过冲现象产生的原因及其影响因素。以多级关闭的发油控制方式,精确的控制了油品流量,很好地防止了“水击”的发生,同时兼顾了发油效率。考虑到过冲问题对本系统发油精度的影响,本系统设计了基于流量的过冲量自动调节法来予以解决,并在此基础上给出了计算模型和具体程序设计。系统运行的效果表明,本系统达到了提高发油精度的目的,实现了油品流量误差的智能补偿。
The automation degree of the gas stations monitoring used by coalmine usually is low.And usually it is analog control screen which is composed of analog devices(the switches, indicator lights and instruments etc.).This mode mainly depends on manual operation, there are so many issues,such as cumbersome monitor screen view, a small amount of information, the heavy workload of manual recording, big errors, large investment of system upgrading (have to replace many monitoring hardware device), operation mode backward and financial system distemperedness.In response to these shortcomings, this paper presents a new Ideas and programs,the control system is composed of the upper PC monitoring software which is programed by VB and lower PLC ,at the same time ,it also use of IC card management mode and HMI which is used for field operations. The control mode of the system combine upper and lower one and it uses many key technology, such as PLC technology, database technology, PC software design technology and IC card application technology,and so on. The core of the upper is monitoring PC,and together with series IC card readers; using the Omron Series PLC as the core of the lower witch coupled with HMI(Human-Computer Interface) to control terminal implementing agencies (pumps, valves, flow meters, etc.) ,everyone gives full play, and then they constitute a integrated monitoring system by communicating ,to carry out the aim of automated daily operations and standardized the management for monitoring stations.
This paper analyzes the reasons and the effects which generates the water hammer and overshoot phenomenon that usually happen in control system of gas station at the same time. The control system achieves the opening and closing by multistage mode to control the oil value accurately , protect against water hammer and take into account the problem of efficiency enhancing.Taking into account the impact of the overshoot problem with the hair oil accuracy of system, the system design an way to resolve it which is overshoot automatically adjust based on the flux, and on this basis, it gives the computational model and specific program designs. The system running results show that it achieves the purpose to improve the accuracy of hair oil and to achieve intelligent error compensation.
引文
[1]吴正宏.加油IC卡充电中国石化[J].金卡工程,2003(1):32-33.
[2]杨学仁,杜彪.关于国内成品油库改造的一些建议[J].石油库与加油站,2008,17(1):41-42.
[3]司马冰.石油化工信息化现状和发展趋势[J].数字化工,2004,7(12):1-4.
[4]祁怀志,荆富.露天矿油库降低燃油蒸发损耗的措施[J].露天采煤技术,2001,3(2):61-62.
[5]曲晓俊,郑金吾.基于PLC和电液阀的油库精确发油系统[J].工业控制计算机,2003,8(5):52-54.
[6]宋生奎,于达.利用阀调节控制管道加油系统的水击压力[J].油气储运,2006,26(3): 39-42.
[7]雌爱社,涂亚庆.提高油料定量灌装计量精度的方法[J].自动化与仪器仪表,1999,9(4):41-43.
[8]赵竟奇.管道产生水击的原因分析[J].油气储运,1999,18(5):35-41.
[9]马跃先,周琼.直接水击公式研究[J].人民黄河,2007,5(11):80-81.
[10]檀润华,周建伟,马国清.油液容积弹性模量对减振器性能影响研究[J].河北工业大学学报,2001,30(1):1-3.
[11]刘林.《石油计量表》中视密度与标准密度的换算[J].中国计量,2005,9(7):59.
[12]刘昕明.成品油油库自动化监控系统的研究与开发[D].辽宁工程技术大学,2008:45-47.
[13]朱金鹏,张世富,张起欣.自力式控制阀设计及水击分析[J].石油化工应用,2008,,27(1):26-29.
[14]钱任庚.一种利用0.618优选法优化平滑系数的方法[J].系统工程,1994,12(2): 59-61.
[15]罗安.DCS的过去、现在和未来[J].自动化博览:3-8.
[16]彭道刚,杨平,徐春梅,夏冬梅.基于DDE的分布式监控系统设计及其应用[J].仪器仪表学报,2007,27(6):482-484.
[17]郭江,李朝晖.PLC与上位机串行通信程序设计[J].华中理工大学学报,2000(11):60-61.
[18]刘刚,方金春,雍歧卫.调节阀动态特性的数值模拟[J].阀门,2004,7(4):8-14.
[19]李铁胡艳英李刚.燃气IC卡自动计费系统的研究[J].自动化技术与应用,2002,21(5):66-68.
[20]王霜剑.新型IC卡读写器的研究与设计[D].中南大学,2003:33-36.
[21]马潮.基于AVR的单片嵌入式系统原理与应用实践[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007:70-75.
[22]宋建国.AVR单片机原理及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2000:14-16.
[23]汪炼,韩震宇.基于AVR单片机的串口通信[J].中国测试技术,2003,29(2):34-37.
[24]马红旗.触摸屏在PLC中的应用[J].机电一体化,2003(4):36-37.
[25] 2008年中国PLC市场研究报告,摘自中国工控网.
[26]霍罡,樊晓兵等编著.欧姆龙CPlHPLC应用基础与编程实践[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009.
[27] International Standard ISO 7816-1.Identification cards.Integrated circuit(s)cards with contacts,Part l:Pllysical characteristics,1987.
[28] International Standard ISO 7816-2.Identification cards.Integrated circuit(s)cards with contacts,Part 2:Dimensions and location of the contacts,1988.
[29] International Standard ISO/IEC 7816-3.Identification cards.Integrated circuit(s)cards with contacts,Part 3:Electronic signals and transmission protocols,1997.
[30]郑黎明,王书翼,廖鸣镝.IC卡出入及考勤管理系统软件设计[J].自动化与仪表,2001,5:60-62.
[31]王卓人,邓晋钧,刘宗祥.IC卡的技术与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1999:12-18.
[32]启明工作室.Visual Basic+Access数据库应用系统开发与实例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.
[33]叶永祥,张旭宁.基于欧姆龙PLC的PID调节[J].自动化技术与应用,2009,28(7):71-74.
[34]宋伯生主编.PLC编程实用指南[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007:57-63.
[2]杨学仁,杜彪.关于国内成品油库改造的一些建议[J].石油库与加油站,2008,17(1):41-42.
[3]司马冰.石油化工信息化现状和发展趋势[J].数字化工,2004,7(12):1-4.
[4]祁怀志,荆富.露天矿油库降低燃油蒸发损耗的措施[J].露天采煤技术,2001,3(2):61-62.
[5]曲晓俊,郑金吾.基于PLC和电液阀的油库精确发油系统[J].工业控制计算机,2003,8(5):52-54.
[6]宋生奎,于达.利用阀调节控制管道加油系统的水击压力[J].油气储运,2006,26(3): 39-42.
[7]雌爱社,涂亚庆.提高油料定量灌装计量精度的方法[J].自动化与仪器仪表,1999,9(4):41-43.
[8]赵竟奇.管道产生水击的原因分析[J].油气储运,1999,18(5):35-41.
[9]马跃先,周琼.直接水击公式研究[J].人民黄河,2007,5(11):80-81.
[10]檀润华,周建伟,马国清.油液容积弹性模量对减振器性能影响研究[J].河北工业大学学报,2001,30(1):1-3.
[11]刘林.《石油计量表》中视密度与标准密度的换算[J].中国计量,2005,9(7):59.
[12]刘昕明.成品油油库自动化监控系统的研究与开发[D].辽宁工程技术大学,2008:45-47.
[13]朱金鹏,张世富,张起欣.自力式控制阀设计及水击分析[J].石油化工应用,2008,,27(1):26-29.
[14]钱任庚.一种利用0.618优选法优化平滑系数的方法[J].系统工程,1994,12(2): 59-61.
[15]罗安.DCS的过去、现在和未来[J].自动化博览:3-8.
[16]彭道刚,杨平,徐春梅,夏冬梅.基于DDE的分布式监控系统设计及其应用[J].仪器仪表学报,2007,27(6):482-484.
[17]郭江,李朝晖.PLC与上位机串行通信程序设计[J].华中理工大学学报,2000(11):60-61.
[18]刘刚,方金春,雍歧卫.调节阀动态特性的数值模拟[J].阀门,2004,7(4):8-14.
[19]李铁胡艳英李刚.燃气IC卡自动计费系统的研究[J].自动化技术与应用,2002,21(5):66-68.
[20]王霜剑.新型IC卡读写器的研究与设计[D].中南大学,2003:33-36.
[21]马潮.基于AVR的单片嵌入式系统原理与应用实践[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007:70-75.
[22]宋建国.AVR单片机原理及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2000:14-16.
[23]汪炼,韩震宇.基于AVR单片机的串口通信[J].中国测试技术,2003,29(2):34-37.
[24]马红旗.触摸屏在PLC中的应用[J].机电一体化,2003(4):36-37.
[25] 2008年中国PLC市场研究报告,摘自中国工控网.
[26]霍罡,樊晓兵等编著.欧姆龙CPlHPLC应用基础与编程实践[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009.
[27] International Standard ISO 7816-1.Identification cards.Integrated circuit(s)cards with contacts,Part l:Pllysical characteristics,1987.
[28] International Standard ISO 7816-2.Identification cards.Integrated circuit(s)cards with contacts,Part 2:Dimensions and location of the contacts,1988.
[29] International Standard ISO/IEC 7816-3.Identification cards.Integrated circuit(s)cards with contacts,Part 3:Electronic signals and transmission protocols,1997.
[30]郑黎明,王书翼,廖鸣镝.IC卡出入及考勤管理系统软件设计[J].自动化与仪表,2001,5:60-62.
[31]王卓人,邓晋钧,刘宗祥.IC卡的技术与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1999:12-18.
[32]启明工作室.Visual Basic+Access数据库应用系统开发与实例[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.
[33]叶永祥,张旭宁.基于欧姆龙PLC的PID调节[J].自动化技术与应用,2009,28(7):71-74.
[34]宋伯生主编.PLC编程实用指南[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007:57-63.