路面结构层材料介电特性反演及路面雷达应用
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摘要
路面雷达作为一种高效、快速、连续、无损的路面检测设备，其在路面的重要技术性能指标如厚度、压实度、空隙率、含水量以及沥青含量等中的应用，自80年代以来一直是工程界和相关研究部门的重要研究课题。
本文基于电磁波基本理论和系统识别原理，研究了路面结构层材料复合介电特性及其厚度、压实度、空隙率、含水量和沥青含量等的反演。主要研究成果和结论如下：
1．基于电磁波理论的基本原理，从Maxwell方程着手，建立了雷达电磁波在典型柔性路面结构体系中的传播正演模型。分析了实际路面结构层材料介电常数实部和虚部对雷达反射信号的影响，并得出了相应的结论；
2．基于路面结构层材料介电特性及其厚度反演分析软件SIDTHK，开发出了柔性路面结构层材料介电特性及其厚度反演分析的程序。应用该程序对实际路面的厚度进行检测，提高了检测的精度；
3．研究了材料的复合介电特性及其三相体积比的关系，提出了压实度、空隙率、含水量及沥青含量等技术指标的检测和评价的思路，并对快速检测沥青混凝土路面面层空隙率和压实度作了成功的探索，推导了沥青混凝土路面面层空隙率和压实度计算的方法，编制出了沥青混凝土路面面层空隙率和压实度反演的程序，对面层沥青含量的反演也进行了有益的尝试，并分别应用到实际路面进行了对比分析，对比结果表明了反演方法的有效性。
The Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), which is an effective, speedy, continuous and non-destructive testing equipment, its application in pavement technical characteristics such as thickness, compaction, void content, moisture content and asphalt content etc., has been an active international subject since 1980s.
Based on elementary principle of electromagnetic theory and system identification method, the backcafculation of composite dielectric property of pavement structures and its thickness, compaction, void content, moisture content and asphalt content etc, is studied in this paper. The main achievements and conclusions of this paper are summarized below:
1. The forwarcl model of GPR electromagnetic wave propagation in typical flexible pavement system is presented based on Maxwell Equation in elementary electromagnetic theory. The influences of the real part and imaginary part of dielectric of actual pavement on reflected GPR waveform are analyzed, and relevant conclusions are gained
2. Based on the analytical SIDTHK(System Identification for backcabulating Dielectric and ThicKness of pavement Structures) program, the program for backcalculating dielectric property and thickness of flexible pavement structures is developed, and the acciracy of thickness backcafculation results is improved
3. The relationship between composite dielectric property of pavement structures and its volumetric concertrations is studied in this paper. Thus the idea of evaluating compaction, void content, moisture content and asphalt content etc. is raised, and the successful exploration on rapid detection of compaction and void content is made, also the method of backcafculating compaction and void content of asphalt pavement is derived, then the program for backcafculating compaction and void content of asphalt pavement is developed Meanwhile, the worthful attempt is made for backcafculating asphalt content, and the effectiveness of this method is proved from the contrast results.
本文基于电磁波基本理论和系统识别原理，研究了路面结构层材料复合介电特性及其厚度、压实度、空隙率、含水量和沥青含量等的反演。主要研究成果和结论如下：
1．基于电磁波理论的基本原理，从Maxwell方程着手，建立了雷达电磁波在典型柔性路面结构体系中的传播正演模型。分析了实际路面结构层材料介电常数实部和虚部对雷达反射信号的影响，并得出了相应的结论；
2．基于路面结构层材料介电特性及其厚度反演分析软件SIDTHK，开发出了柔性路面结构层材料介电特性及其厚度反演分析的程序。应用该程序对实际路面的厚度进行检测，提高了检测的精度；
3．研究了材料的复合介电特性及其三相体积比的关系，提出了压实度、空隙率、含水量及沥青含量等技术指标的检测和评价的思路，并对快速检测沥青混凝土路面面层空隙率和压实度作了成功的探索，推导了沥青混凝土路面面层空隙率和压实度计算的方法，编制出了沥青混凝土路面面层空隙率和压实度反演的程序，对面层沥青含量的反演也进行了有益的尝试，并分别应用到实际路面进行了对比分析，对比结果表明了反演方法的有效性。
The Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), which is an effective, speedy, continuous and non-destructive testing equipment, its application in pavement technical characteristics such as thickness, compaction, void content, moisture content and asphalt content etc., has been an active international subject since 1980s.
Based on elementary principle of electromagnetic theory and system identification method, the backcafculation of composite dielectric property of pavement structures and its thickness, compaction, void content, moisture content and asphalt content etc, is studied in this paper. The main achievements and conclusions of this paper are summarized below:
1. The forwarcl model of GPR electromagnetic wave propagation in typical flexible pavement system is presented based on Maxwell Equation in elementary electromagnetic theory. The influences of the real part and imaginary part of dielectric of actual pavement on reflected GPR waveform are analyzed, and relevant conclusions are gained
2. Based on the analytical SIDTHK(System Identification for backcabulating Dielectric and ThicKness of pavement Structures) program, the program for backcalculating dielectric property and thickness of flexible pavement structures is developed, and the acciracy of thickness backcafculation results is improved
3. The relationship between composite dielectric property of pavement structures and its volumetric concertrations is studied in this paper. Thus the idea of evaluating compaction, void content, moisture content and asphalt content etc. is raised, and the successful exploration on rapid detection of compaction and void content is made, also the method of backcafculating compaction and void content of asphalt pavement is derived, then the program for backcafculating compaction and void content of asphalt pavement is developed Meanwhile, the worthful attempt is made for backcafculating asphalt content, and the effectiveness of this method is proved from the contrast results.
引文
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[2] 王惠濂，李大心．脉冲时间域探地雷达讲座[J]．国外地质勘探技术．1990，1．p．34-40．
[3] 王惠濂．地质雷达的物理模拟研究[J]．地球科学．1993，13(3)．p．205-208
[4] 何大明．李大心．探地雷达探测公路路基质量的可能性探讨[J]．地质科技情报．2000，19(3)，p．90-92
[5] 李大心．公路工程的探地雷达检测技术[J]．地球科学—中国地质大学学报．1996，21(6)，p．661-663
[6] 杨永俊．探地雷达用于公路检测初探[J]．公路交通科技．2000，6．p．7-9，12
[7] 支海燕．中国道路探测雷达技术与应用[C]．第三届国际道路和机场路面技术大会论文集．1998．p．507-516．
[8] 张安学．探地雷达系统回波信号处理及成象方法的研究．[D]．西安交通大学．硕士学位论文．1999．
[9] 中华人民共和国交通部．JTJ．071-98．1998．公路工程质量检验评定标准．北京．人民交通出版社．2003
[10] 中华人民共和国交通部．JTJ．059-95．1995．公路路基路面现场测试规程．北京．人民交通出版社．2002
[11] 沙庆林．公路压实与压实标准[M]．第三版．北京．人民交通出版社．2000
[12] 沈飚，石庆华，孙忠良．道路铺砌层中探地雷达波传播的正演模拟及应用[J]．石油地球物理勘探．1997，6．p．135-140
[13] 郭云开等．探地雷达在高等级公路工程质量无损检测中的应用[J]．华东公路．2002，1．p．55-57
[14] 沈飚等．探地雷达波波动方程研究及其正演模拟[J]．东南大学学报．1994，3．p．114-117
[15] 沈飚．探地雷达波波动方程研究及其正演模拟[J]．物探化探计算技术．1994，9．p．29-48
[16] 汤伟，蔡能．雷达技术在公路工程中的应用及开发前景[J]．广西交通科技．1998，12．p．4-7
[17] 张俊荣，张德海，王丽薇．微波遥感中的介电常数[J]．遥感技术与应用．1994，5．p．30-43．
[18] 沈飚，于东海，孙忠良．有耗媒质中脉冲响应的研究[J]．物探化探计算技术．1996，11．p．304-309
[19] 肖兵，周翔汤，井田．探地雷达技术及其应用和发展[J]．物探与化探．1996，10．p．378-383
[20] 孙洪星．有耗介质高频脉冲电磁波传播衰减理论与应用的实践研究[J]．煤炭学报．2001，12．p．567-572
[21] 何兵寿，王磊．矿井地质雷达正演中的两个理论问题[J]．中国煤田地质．2000，3．p．59-62
[22] 沙庆林．空隙率对沥青混凝土的重大影响[J]．国外公路．2000，1．p．34-38
[23] U.S. Department of Transportation. Federal Highway Administration. Publication Number: FHWA-HIF-00-015. Ground Penetrating Radar for Measuring Pavement Layer Thickness. 1996
[24] Maser, K.R., Scullion, T.. Automated Dectection of Pavement Layer Thickness and Subsurface Moisture Using Ground Penetrating Radar. TRB Paper. 1991
[25] Kenneth R. Maser. Ground Penetrating Radar Surveys to Characterize Pavement Layer Thickness Variations at GPS Sites. Strategic Highway Research Program. SHRP-P-397. Washington D.C.. U.S. 1994.
[26] Titus-Glover, L., Fernando, E.G.. Evaluation of Pavement Base and Subgrade Material Properties and Test Procedures. Report 1335-2. Texas Transportation Institute, College Station, Texas. 1995
[27] Roddis, W.M. Kim. Maser, Kenneth. Gisi, Andrew J.. Radar Pavement Thickness Evaluations for Varying Base Conditions, Transportation Research Record. 1992. 1355. p.90-107
[28] Maser, K. R.. Highway Speed Radar for Pavement Thickness Evaluation. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar. Ontario, Canada. 1994. p.423-432
[29] Tom Scullion, Chun-Lok Lau, Yiqing Chen. Implementation of the Texas Ground Penetrating Radar System. Report No.: FHWA/TX-92/1233-1. Report Date: 1992. Revised Date: April 1994
[30] Saarenketo, T., Scullion, T.. Ground penetrating radar application on roads and highways[C]. Research Report 1923-2F. Texas Transportation Institute, College Station, Texas. 1994 p.36.
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