固液两相流体的超声波多普勒流量计研究
|
摘要
在固液两相流体流量的测量中,超声波多普勒流量计由于具有分辨率高,对流速变化响应快,对流体的压力、粘度和温度等因素不敏感的优点,从而得到了广泛应用。然而就当前测量水平来说,超声波多普勒流量计的性能还有待于进一步改进。本文首先针对固液两相流体的流速断面误差问题,提出了基于分区测速原理的流量测量方法。该方法把整个管流截面划分为若干个很小的信息窗区域,依据超声波多普勒测速原理,采用一个换能器发射信号,多个换能器接收信号的方式测量各信息窗区域内流体的流速值,然后利用“加权积分法”得到流体的流量。为了能有效地减小信息窗区域的尺寸,本文为发射换能器和接收换能器分别加装了平凹透镜和方向选择透镜,以此来提高各换能器对声波的指向性。其次,设计了一套完整的以TMS320LF2407A DSP为核心的超声波多普勒流量测量系统,从而满足了系统实时性的要求。硬件电路除了核心器件外,还辅以其它滤波及放大电路,其中采用GPRS无线通讯模块与上位机相连,实现了远程数据采集的功能;软件主要包括系统的主程序、监控程序、数据处理程序等。第三,引入先进的数字信号处理技术,在频域上对多普勒信号进行有效的处理,主要处理技术是以快速傅里叶变换(FFT)为基础的周期图法和峰值逼近算法,再加适当的数字滤波技术,从而可以得到更加准确的多普勒频偏信号。最后,利用CCS2000和MATLAB软件以及THZK-1型测控技术综合试验平台,完成了系统的软硬件调试,并在自行搭建的试验管道上测得流量数据。试验结果证明,本课题的设计方案提高了超声波多普勒流量计的测量精度,达到了工业生产中对固液两相流体的测量要求。
In the solid-liquid two-phase flow measurement, ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter is widely used because of its high resolving power, fast response with the variety of velocity, and insensitivity to the pressure and temperature of liquid. But now, technique in this field will be improved. Firstly, aiming at velocity profile error, this paper puts forward a measuring method for the flow of solid-fluid two-phase fluid based on zonal fluid velocity distribution measurement, by which the whole cross-section of fluid flow is divided into several information windows. According to the ultrasonic Doppler measuring principle, this method can measure the velocity value in each information window, using the manner of one transducer emits the wave ,which is received by multiple transducers. Then, to obtain the fluid flow by using weighted integral algorithm. In order to decrease the area of information windows and improve the directivity of each transducer, the emitter and the receiver are respectively installed with the plano concave lens and the choice direction lens. Secondly, in order to improve the real-time, designing of a complete measurement system based on TMS320LF2407A DSP. And in hardware design, low-pass filter, amplifier and other circuits are included. There using GPRS wireless communication module to connect with the host computer, can realize the function of remote data acquisition. The software included the main program, monitor program, data processing program and so on. Thirdly, digital signal processing is introduced to analyze Doppler signal, and the main processing technologies are periodogram method and approaching peak value algorithm, which are based on FFT. After this, digital filtering technique is in use. Thus more accurate Doppler frequency shift is obtained. Finally, debugging the software and hardware by CCS2000 and MATLAB, as well as the measure control technology synthesize experiment platform of THZK-1 type. Then measuring flow data from the test pipe. The test results prove that the whole desigen can improve the measuring accuracy of Ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter, which can reach the measuring requirement of solid-liquid two-phase fluid.
In the solid-liquid two-phase flow measurement, ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter is widely used because of its high resolving power, fast response with the variety of velocity, and insensitivity to the pressure and temperature of liquid. But now, technique in this field will be improved. Firstly, aiming at velocity profile error, this paper puts forward a measuring method for the flow of solid-fluid two-phase fluid based on zonal fluid velocity distribution measurement, by which the whole cross-section of fluid flow is divided into several information windows. According to the ultrasonic Doppler measuring principle, this method can measure the velocity value in each information window, using the manner of one transducer emits the wave ,which is received by multiple transducers. Then, to obtain the fluid flow by using weighted integral algorithm. In order to decrease the area of information windows and improve the directivity of each transducer, the emitter and the receiver are respectively installed with the plano concave lens and the choice direction lens. Secondly, in order to improve the real-time, designing of a complete measurement system based on TMS320LF2407A DSP. And in hardware design, low-pass filter, amplifier and other circuits are included. There using GPRS wireless communication module to connect with the host computer, can realize the function of remote data acquisition. The software included the main program, monitor program, data processing program and so on. Thirdly, digital signal processing is introduced to analyze Doppler signal, and the main processing technologies are periodogram method and approaching peak value algorithm, which are based on FFT. After this, digital filtering technique is in use. Thus more accurate Doppler frequency shift is obtained. Finally, debugging the software and hardware by CCS2000 and MATLAB, as well as the measure control technology synthesize experiment platform of THZK-1 type. Then measuring flow data from the test pipe. The test results prove that the whole desigen can improve the measuring accuracy of Ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter, which can reach the measuring requirement of solid-liquid two-phase fluid.
引文
[1]杜维,张宏建.过程检测技术及仪表.北京:化学工业出版社,1992
[2]周雪绯.超声波流量计的测量优势.医药工程设计杂志,2005 (6):37-38
[3]冉昭明.流量检测.天津:天津大学出版社,1990
[4]陈亦文,邱公伟.超声波流量计的原理、应用和发展.福建电脑,2002 (9):34-36
[5]高国旺,梁重阳,姚韦萍等.超声波传感器流量测量的关键问题思考.仪器仪表与分析测量,2006(2):23-28
[6]张斌,徐兵,马吉恩.液压领域中的高精度流量计—容积式流量计.液压与气动,2005(3):54-57
[7]许秀.科里奥利质量流量计原理及其应用.工业仪表与自动化装置,2005(1):52-54
[8] Yoder J. Ultrasonic Flow meter Market is Expected to Grow Strongly. Pipeline and Gas Journal, 2002.229(4):23-25
[9] Gabor Vass. Ultrasonic Flow meter basics. Sensors, 1997.14(10):73-78
[10]王智慧.超声波相关法流量测量的基础研究:[博士学位论文].西安:西北工业大学,2000
[11] http://www.hifor.com.cn.北京京仪海福尔自动化仪表有限公司
[12]王子延,袁伟峰,吴海波.在单相介质中超声多普勒效应的应用研究.西安交通大学学报,1998.32(5):60-63
[13]《计量测试技术手册》编辑委员会.计量测试技术手册第6卷.中国计量出版社,1996
[14]史亦韦.超声检测.北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[15]袁易全.近代超声检测与应用.南京:南京大学出版社,1996
[16]梁国伟,蔡武昌.流量测量技术及仪表.北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[17] P.Benes, K.Zehnula. New Design of the Two-phase Flowmeters. Sensors and Actuators, 2000.220-225
[18]胡建恺,张谦琳.超声检测原理和方法.北京:中国科学技术大学出版社,1993
[19]李效贤.超声多普勒流量计在固液两相流测量中的应用.水泵技术,2000(5):35-37
[20]刘成安.多普勒在超声波流量测量中的应用.微计算机信息,2007. 23(12):92-93
[21]周云龙,洪文鹏.工程流体力学.北京:中国电力出版社,2006
[22] Bainton K.F, Silk N.G. Some Factors which affect the Performance of Ultrasonic Transducers. Brit.J.of.NDT, 1980.169(1):15-20
[23] Fred Good. Flowmeasurement trend. Measurement and Control, 1996. 188(9): 173-175
[24] T.T. Yeh, P.I. Espina. An Intelligent Ultrasonic Flow Meter for Improved Flow Measurement and Flow Calibration facility. IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Budapest, Hungary, 2001(5):21-23
[25]刘教瑜,何青,杨艳等.基于DSP的超声波流量计的设计.机械工程与自动化,2005(5):60-62
[26]吕汉兴.多声道超声多普勒流量计.工业仪表与自动化装置,1997 (3):24-27
[27]须伦根,徐春荣,郑源.大中型泵站现场流量测试技术及应用.中国测试技术,2006.32(5):29-32
[28]何友.多传感器信息融合及应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2000
[29]高国富,罗均.智能传感器及其应用.北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[30]刘金琨.智能控制.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[31]李昕.超声波多普勒流量计中实现信息窗区域控制的研究:[硕士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学,2000
[32]江思敏. TMS320LF240X DSP硬件开发教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[33]程佩青.数字信号处理教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2001
[34]林书玉.超声波换能器的原理与设计,北京:科学出版社,2004
[35] T.Vontz, V.Magori. An Ultrasonic Flow Meter for Industrial Applications Using a Helical Sound Path. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 1996: 1047-1050
[36] T. Grimley. Performance Tests of 12-Inch Multipath Ultrasonic Flow Meters. Gas Research Institute, 2000:1-14
[37]王家桢,王俊杰.传感器与变送器.北京:清华大学出版社,1996
[38]周里群,李玉平.超声波换能器材料的设计与研究.精密制造与自动化,2004(1):18-19
[39]北京声学学会.工程声学.北京:北京大学出版社,1996
[40]李锦萍,闵子建.液体超声波声速仪的研制.首都师范大学(自然科学版),1995.16(2):52-54
[41]康华光,陈大钦,王岩等.电子技术基础(模拟部分).北京:高等教育出版社,1999
[42]雷少刚,耿旭.混频电路的应用及分析方法.西安航空技术高等专科学校学报,2002.20(3):25-27
[43]吴均.三种混频电路的试验探讨.四川师范大学学报(自然科学版),1997.20(5):109-115
[44]朱铭锆,赵勇,甘泉. DSP应用系统设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[45]孙德辉,马文丽,姚文娟等.基于GPRS的无线传输系统设计与实现.微计算机信息,2007.23(7):104-106
[46] P.Benes, K.Zehnula. New Design of the Two-phase Flowmeters. Sensors and Actuators , 2000:220-225
[47] Pedro I.Espiria, T.T.Yeh, Peter I.Rothfleisch. Tele-Metrology and Advanced Ultrasonic Flow Metering. National Institute of Standards and Technology Fluid Flow Group, 2002
[48] B.Hofmann, M.Rockstroh. Study on Acoustic Waveguides and Reflectors for Use in Ultrasonic Two-Phase Flow Measurement. Ultrasonsic, 1996(34):431-434
[49] Volker Skwarek, Harald Windorfer, Volker Hans. Measuring Pulsating Flow with Ultrasound, 2001(29):225-236
[50] Parrilla M, Anaya J J, Fritsch C. Digital signal processing techniques for high accuracy ultrasonic range measurements. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 1991.40(4):759-763
[51]刘记红,李景华.数字信号处理实验教程.沈阳:东北大学出版社,2004
[52]周浩敏,王睿.测试信号处理技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版,2004
[53]丛玉良,王宏志.数字信号处理原理及其MATLAB实现.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[54] Andria G, Attivissimo F, Giaquinto N. Digital methods for very accurate ultrasonic sensor measurements. Proceedings of the 16th IEEE: Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, IMTC/99, 1999(3):1687-1692
[55] Lawrence C L. Ultrasonic flowmeters. Physical Acoustics, 1979, 14(1): 437-446
[56] Sabatini A M. A digital-signal-processing technique for ultrasonic signal modeling and classification. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2001, 50(1):15-21
[2]周雪绯.超声波流量计的测量优势.医药工程设计杂志,2005 (6):37-38
[3]冉昭明.流量检测.天津:天津大学出版社,1990
[4]陈亦文,邱公伟.超声波流量计的原理、应用和发展.福建电脑,2002 (9):34-36
[5]高国旺,梁重阳,姚韦萍等.超声波传感器流量测量的关键问题思考.仪器仪表与分析测量,2006(2):23-28
[6]张斌,徐兵,马吉恩.液压领域中的高精度流量计—容积式流量计.液压与气动,2005(3):54-57
[7]许秀.科里奥利质量流量计原理及其应用.工业仪表与自动化装置,2005(1):52-54
[8] Yoder J. Ultrasonic Flow meter Market is Expected to Grow Strongly. Pipeline and Gas Journal, 2002.229(4):23-25
[9] Gabor Vass. Ultrasonic Flow meter basics. Sensors, 1997.14(10):73-78
[10]王智慧.超声波相关法流量测量的基础研究:[博士学位论文].西安:西北工业大学,2000
[11] http://www.hifor.com.cn.北京京仪海福尔自动化仪表有限公司
[12]王子延,袁伟峰,吴海波.在单相介质中超声多普勒效应的应用研究.西安交通大学学报,1998.32(5):60-63
[13]《计量测试技术手册》编辑委员会.计量测试技术手册第6卷.中国计量出版社,1996
[14]史亦韦.超声检测.北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[15]袁易全.近代超声检测与应用.南京:南京大学出版社,1996
[16]梁国伟,蔡武昌.流量测量技术及仪表.北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[17] P.Benes, K.Zehnula. New Design of the Two-phase Flowmeters. Sensors and Actuators, 2000.220-225
[18]胡建恺,张谦琳.超声检测原理和方法.北京:中国科学技术大学出版社,1993
[19]李效贤.超声多普勒流量计在固液两相流测量中的应用.水泵技术,2000(5):35-37
[20]刘成安.多普勒在超声波流量测量中的应用.微计算机信息,2007. 23(12):92-93
[21]周云龙,洪文鹏.工程流体力学.北京:中国电力出版社,2006
[22] Bainton K.F, Silk N.G. Some Factors which affect the Performance of Ultrasonic Transducers. Brit.J.of.NDT, 1980.169(1):15-20
[23] Fred Good. Flowmeasurement trend. Measurement and Control, 1996. 188(9): 173-175
[24] T.T. Yeh, P.I. Espina. An Intelligent Ultrasonic Flow Meter for Improved Flow Measurement and Flow Calibration facility. IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Budapest, Hungary, 2001(5):21-23
[25]刘教瑜,何青,杨艳等.基于DSP的超声波流量计的设计.机械工程与自动化,2005(5):60-62
[26]吕汉兴.多声道超声多普勒流量计.工业仪表与自动化装置,1997 (3):24-27
[27]须伦根,徐春荣,郑源.大中型泵站现场流量测试技术及应用.中国测试技术,2006.32(5):29-32
[28]何友.多传感器信息融合及应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2000
[29]高国富,罗均.智能传感器及其应用.北京:化学工业出版社,2005
[30]刘金琨.智能控制.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[31]李昕.超声波多普勒流量计中实现信息窗区域控制的研究:[硕士学位论文].西安:西安交通大学,2000
[32]江思敏. TMS320LF240X DSP硬件开发教程.北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[33]程佩青.数字信号处理教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2001
[34]林书玉.超声波换能器的原理与设计,北京:科学出版社,2004
[35] T.Vontz, V.Magori. An Ultrasonic Flow Meter for Industrial Applications Using a Helical Sound Path. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, 1996: 1047-1050
[36] T. Grimley. Performance Tests of 12-Inch Multipath Ultrasonic Flow Meters. Gas Research Institute, 2000:1-14
[37]王家桢,王俊杰.传感器与变送器.北京:清华大学出版社,1996
[38]周里群,李玉平.超声波换能器材料的设计与研究.精密制造与自动化,2004(1):18-19
[39]北京声学学会.工程声学.北京:北京大学出版社,1996
[40]李锦萍,闵子建.液体超声波声速仪的研制.首都师范大学(自然科学版),1995.16(2):52-54
[41]康华光,陈大钦,王岩等.电子技术基础(模拟部分).北京:高等教育出版社,1999
[42]雷少刚,耿旭.混频电路的应用及分析方法.西安航空技术高等专科学校学报,2002.20(3):25-27
[43]吴均.三种混频电路的试验探讨.四川师范大学学报(自然科学版),1997.20(5):109-115
[44]朱铭锆,赵勇,甘泉. DSP应用系统设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[45]孙德辉,马文丽,姚文娟等.基于GPRS的无线传输系统设计与实现.微计算机信息,2007.23(7):104-106
[46] P.Benes, K.Zehnula. New Design of the Two-phase Flowmeters. Sensors and Actuators , 2000:220-225
[47] Pedro I.Espiria, T.T.Yeh, Peter I.Rothfleisch. Tele-Metrology and Advanced Ultrasonic Flow Metering. National Institute of Standards and Technology Fluid Flow Group, 2002
[48] B.Hofmann, M.Rockstroh. Study on Acoustic Waveguides and Reflectors for Use in Ultrasonic Two-Phase Flow Measurement. Ultrasonsic, 1996(34):431-434
[49] Volker Skwarek, Harald Windorfer, Volker Hans. Measuring Pulsating Flow with Ultrasound, 2001(29):225-236
[50] Parrilla M, Anaya J J, Fritsch C. Digital signal processing techniques for high accuracy ultrasonic range measurements. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 1991.40(4):759-763
[51]刘记红,李景华.数字信号处理实验教程.沈阳:东北大学出版社,2004
[52]周浩敏,王睿.测试信号处理技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版,2004
[53]丛玉良,王宏志.数字信号处理原理及其MATLAB实现.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[54] Andria G, Attivissimo F, Giaquinto N. Digital methods for very accurate ultrasonic sensor measurements. Proceedings of the 16th IEEE: Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, IMTC/99, 1999(3):1687-1692
[55] Lawrence C L. Ultrasonic flowmeters. Physical Acoustics, 1979, 14(1): 437-446
[56] Sabatini A M. A digital-signal-processing technique for ultrasonic signal modeling and classification. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2001, 50(1):15-21