苏码头蓬Ⅲ气藏难动用区块开发
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摘要
苏码头蓬III段储层物性具有中低孔、低渗、高含水饱和度特征,储集空间以孔隙为主,孔隙结构复杂,孔渗性能纵横向变化较大,储层非均质性强。储层裂缝发育较差。因此储层本身的地质条件决定了气井产能低,储量丰度低,储量动用难度高,经济效益差。
本文在苏码头蓬III段的构造、断层特征、储层特征等详细的开发地质研究基础上,利用多种方法复算了该区块的地质储量、并进行了储量可采性评价；根据气藏试采效果,通过气井的动态分析、跟踪研究,认识其生产规律、产量递减规律,为储量动用方式提供了较详细的气藏地质和工艺研究基础；在多种支撑剂的性能评价及对比优选、压裂液配方筛选、现场试验及效果分析的基础上,提出针对类似苏码头蓬III段中低孔、低渗、高含水饱和度气藏,宜采用“小规模、低前置液、中低排量、中高砂比、强化返排”的压裂工艺技术来提高储量动用率；采用该技术进行的13口井16井次现场施工表明(压裂施工成功率达100%、有效率81.25%,单井平均增产倍数高达10倍左右)：该技术对低孔、低渗、高含水饱和度的低渗气藏可获得显著的增产效果和较大的经济效益。
The nature of Sumatou Peng III Reservoir could be described as low/medium porosity, low permeability and high SW. The reservoir fluid is mainly stored in pore space. T he pore structure is complicated, the pore-permeability performance varies in horizontal direction and with high heterogeneity. Thus the geologic condition of reservoir is the main reason for low productivity, low accessible reserves and poor economic benefit.
Based on the geology structure, fault analysis and reservoir properties studies, several methods have been adopted to re-calculate the reserve. The accessible reserve feasibility study has been carried out as well.
With well test data, the well performance and decline characteristic has been analyzed through the reservoir dynamic analysis. A detailed development method was generated based on the study.
The development method demonstrated that to improve the recovery, Sumatou Peng III Reservoir should apply "small size stimulation, low frac fluid pad, low-mid pump rat e, mid-high sand ratio and aggressive cleanup" which was based on the proppants sele ction, hydraulic fracture fluids design and field trial.
13 wells(16 frac operations) stimulated with this development philosophy demonstrated that(100%success execution,81.25%efficiency,10 times increase on-production per well):this technology can improve the production and increase economic benefit in ti ght gas field with low porosity, low permeability, high Sw.
本文在苏码头蓬III段的构造、断层特征、储层特征等详细的开发地质研究基础上,利用多种方法复算了该区块的地质储量、并进行了储量可采性评价；根据气藏试采效果,通过气井的动态分析、跟踪研究,认识其生产规律、产量递减规律,为储量动用方式提供了较详细的气藏地质和工艺研究基础；在多种支撑剂的性能评价及对比优选、压裂液配方筛选、现场试验及效果分析的基础上,提出针对类似苏码头蓬III段中低孔、低渗、高含水饱和度气藏,宜采用“小规模、低前置液、中低排量、中高砂比、强化返排”的压裂工艺技术来提高储量动用率；采用该技术进行的13口井16井次现场施工表明(压裂施工成功率达100%、有效率81.25%,单井平均增产倍数高达10倍左右)：该技术对低孔、低渗、高含水饱和度的低渗气藏可获得显著的增产效果和较大的经济效益。
The nature of Sumatou Peng III Reservoir could be described as low/medium porosity, low permeability and high SW. The reservoir fluid is mainly stored in pore space. T he pore structure is complicated, the pore-permeability performance varies in horizontal direction and with high heterogeneity. Thus the geologic condition of reservoir is the main reason for low productivity, low accessible reserves and poor economic benefit.
Based on the geology structure, fault analysis and reservoir properties studies, several methods have been adopted to re-calculate the reserve. The accessible reserve feasibility study has been carried out as well.
With well test data, the well performance and decline characteristic has been analyzed through the reservoir dynamic analysis. A detailed development method was generated based on the study.
The development method demonstrated that to improve the recovery, Sumatou Peng III Reservoir should apply "small size stimulation, low frac fluid pad, low-mid pump rat e, mid-high sand ratio and aggressive cleanup" which was based on the proppants sele ction, hydraulic fracture fluids design and field trial.
13 wells(16 frac operations) stimulated with this development philosophy demonstrated that(100%success execution,81.25%efficiency,10 times increase on-production per well):this technology can improve the production and increase economic benefit in ti ght gas field with low porosity, low permeability, high Sw.
引文
[1]田昌炳,于兴河,徐安娜等,我国低效气藏的地质特征及其成因特点[J]石油实验地质,2003,25(3)：235-238。
[2]Charles W S.Review of characteristics of low-permeability gas reservoirs in Western United Sta tes[J].AAPG Bull,1989,73(5):613-629
[3]Williams K E,Lerche I,Maubeuge F.Unconventional gas traps:low permeability sands and gas ac cumulations[J].Energy Exploration& Exploitation,1998,16(1):1-87
[4]刘民中,美国、加拿大深层致密砂岩气藏勘探现状、地质特征及主要勘探技术[J].国外油气勘探,1990,2(4)：10-15
[5]田昌炳,罗凯,朱怡翔,低效气藏资源特征及高效开发战略思考[J]天然气工业,2004,24(1)：4-6
[6]LI Shi-lun,SUNLei,DU Jian-fen,et al.Difficulties and measures for development of low permeabi lity tight gas reservoirs and condensate gas reservoirs[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(2):225-230
[7]Bloch S,Lander R H,Bonnell L M.Anomalously high porosity and permeability in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs:origin and pre-dictability[J].AAPG Bull,2002,86(2):301-328
[8]于兴河,李胜利,古莉等,国外陆相低效气藏的形成机理及地质模式研究.2004
[9]宋岩,中国天然气资源分布特征与勘探方向[J].天然气工业,2003,23(1)：1-4
[10]吴世祥,江泽成,张林,川西侏罗系成藏主控因素及分类[J]天然气工业,2001；21(4)；20-23
[11]J.W.Ely:"GRI's restimulation program enhances recoverable reserves, World Oil,2000.11.
[12]黎昌华,分层压裂合采工艺应用研究[J]油气井测试,2000,9(4),13-17.
[13]张麦云,郝书霞,试井资料在高压低渗层压裂选层中的应用[J]油气井测试,2001,10(4),29-31.
[14]D.Zhu, A.D.Hill, E.P.daMotta:"On-site Evaluation of Acidizing Treatmentof a Gas Reservoir", SPE39421, Feb.1998.
[15]T.Huang, D.Zhu, A.D.Hill:"Prediction of Wornhole PoPulation Density in Carbonate Matrix Acidizing", SPE54723, June.1999.
[16]Fadele 0, D.Zhu, A.D.Hill:"Matrix acidizing in gas wells", SPE59771 April 2000.
[17]Chengli Dong, D.Zhu:"Acid Penetration in Natural Fracture Networks", SPE68927, May.200
[18]吴月光,磨87井GP1-2低毛细管力酸酸化效果分析[J]天然气工业,1996,16(3),98。
[19]姜德青慕立俊,闭合酸化技术在碳酸盐岩储层改造中的应用[J]石油钻探技术1999,27(3),37-38。
[20]Fagang Gu, Shuquan Ren, ZiguangYuan:"Technique to estimate fluid-loss and fracture geomet ry of fracture acidizing with foamed/non-foamed acid", SPE35598, Apr.1995.
[21]Fan Y.,etc."A tapid method for determining fracturingfluid leakoff coefficient and spurt loss", SPE38308, June1997.
[22]Zhenduo Wang, Xiaoquan Wang, Xugang Wang:"Investigation and Application of Fracturing a nd Acidizing Technology to Improve Ultra-Deep Well Water Injectivity in DH Oil Field",SPE5727 l,Oct.1999
[23]M.A.Buijse, Halliburton B.V:"Understanding Wormholing Mechanisms Can Improve Acid Tre atments in Carbonate Formations", SPE65068, June2000.
[24]Mohammed Y.AI-Qahtani, Zillur Rahim, Saudi:"Optimization of Acid Fracturing Program In the Khuff Gas Condensate Reservoir of South Ghawar Field Saudi Arabia by Managing Uncertain ties Using State-of-the-Art Technology, "SPE71688, Oct.2001.
[25]陈中一,四川碳酸盐岩低渗透气藏压裂酸化工艺技术[J]天然气工业,1992.3,P61。
[26]杨洪志、张春发等,国外深度酸化工艺技术思路探讨[J]天然气工业,1996.1,P46。
[27]段国彬,利用酸液动态滤失实验研究确定酸压施工用酸量[J]天然气工业,2000,20(5),50-52。
[28]Abou-saved I.S.:"MultiPle hydraulic fracture stimulation in a deep horizon-tal tight-gas well", J.Pet.Tech.,1996,48(2).
[29]M.F.Mayerhofer, M.F.Richardson:"Application effect of Proppants in hydr-aulic fracturing", J PT, Mar.1998.
[30]Mayerhofer Miehacl J., Meehan D.Nathan:"Waterfracs-Results from 50 Co-ttonValley Wells", SPE49104, Sept.1998.
[31]E.Siebrits, J.L.Elbel, etc.:"Refracture Reorientation Enhances Gas Production in Barnett Shale Tight Gas Wells", SPE63030, Oct.2000.
[32]J.Desroches,J.L.Elbel,H.Gu:"Computer Simulation of Multilayer Hydraulic F-ractures", SPE6478 9, Nov.2000.
[33]王均,胡文才,川西上侏罗系蓬莱镇组浅气层加砂压裂增产效果浅析[J]试采技术,1997,18(1),51-53,45。
[34]吴月先,四川八角场气田香四砂岩气藏水力压裂缝高确定方法[J]新疆石油地质,1998,19(2),169-170。
[35]魏斌,陈平,变排量压裂技术及其现场应用[J]石油钻采工艺,2000,22(6),70-71。
[36]何鲤,川西及邻区蓬莱镇组沉积层序特征及有利储集相带预测[J].四川地质学报,1999,11(1)
[37]王世谦,罗启后,四川盆地西部侏罗系天然气成藏特征[J]天然气工业,2001,21(2)：1-8
[38]尹太举,张昌民,李中超等,层序地层学在开发中的应用实践[J].沉积学报,2005,23(4)：664-671.
[39]舒萍,刘启,刘玉萍,低渗透复杂砂岩气藏开发与储量复算[J]天然气勘探与开发,2004,(02)
[40]张伦友,彭宽军,石油天然气储量价值评估方法研究[J]天然气勘探与开发,2005,(03)
[41]张伦友,黄嘉鑫,张彩,川渝低渗透气藏储量计算参数确定及评价方法[J]天然气勘探与开发,2008,12
[42]徐国盛,刘树根,四川盆地天然气成藏动力学[M].北京：地质出版社,2005
[43]王威,徐国盛,倪更生,廖义沙,川西苏码头构造侏罗系次生气藏成藏条件研究[J]石油实验地质,Vo131,No.1,Feb,2009
[44]胥洪成,陈建军,万玉金,杨依超,一点法产能方程在气藏开发中的应用[J]石油天然气学报,2007,(03)
[45]唐洪俊,林萍,各种确定气井无阻流量方法的剖析[J]新疆石油地质,2005,(03)
[46]L KO KU U. Natural gas production engineering[J] John Wiley& Sons. Inc,1984.
[47]杨宇,康毅力,曾焱,曾宪兵,对试凑法求取气井动态储量的改进[J]天然气工业,2007,(02)
[48]王鸣华,何晓东,一种计算气井控制储量的新方法[J]天然气工业,1996,16(4)：50253.
[49]孙勇,任山,王世泽,熊昕冬,川西低渗致密气藏难动用储量压裂关键技术研究[J]钻采工艺,2008,31(4)：68-70
[2]Charles W S.Review of characteristics of low-permeability gas reservoirs in Western United Sta tes[J].AAPG Bull,1989,73(5):613-629
[3]Williams K E,Lerche I,Maubeuge F.Unconventional gas traps:low permeability sands and gas ac cumulations[J].Energy Exploration& Exploitation,1998,16(1):1-87
[4]刘民中,美国、加拿大深层致密砂岩气藏勘探现状、地质特征及主要勘探技术[J].国外油气勘探,1990,2(4)：10-15
[5]田昌炳,罗凯,朱怡翔,低效气藏资源特征及高效开发战略思考[J]天然气工业,2004,24(1)：4-6
[6]LI Shi-lun,SUNLei,DU Jian-fen,et al.Difficulties and measures for development of low permeabi lity tight gas reservoirs and condensate gas reservoirs[J].新疆石油地质,2004,25(2):225-230
[7]Bloch S,Lander R H,Bonnell L M.Anomalously high porosity and permeability in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs:origin and pre-dictability[J].AAPG Bull,2002,86(2):301-328
[8]于兴河,李胜利,古莉等,国外陆相低效气藏的形成机理及地质模式研究.2004
[9]宋岩,中国天然气资源分布特征与勘探方向[J].天然气工业,2003,23(1)：1-4
[10]吴世祥,江泽成,张林,川西侏罗系成藏主控因素及分类[J]天然气工业,2001；21(4)；20-23
[11]J.W.Ely:"GRI's restimulation program enhances recoverable reserves, World Oil,2000.11.
[12]黎昌华,分层压裂合采工艺应用研究[J]油气井测试,2000,9(4),13-17.
[13]张麦云,郝书霞,试井资料在高压低渗层压裂选层中的应用[J]油气井测试,2001,10(4),29-31.
[14]D.Zhu, A.D.Hill, E.P.daMotta:"On-site Evaluation of Acidizing Treatmentof a Gas Reservoir", SPE39421, Feb.1998.
[15]T.Huang, D.Zhu, A.D.Hill:"Prediction of Wornhole PoPulation Density in Carbonate Matrix Acidizing", SPE54723, June.1999.
[16]Fadele 0, D.Zhu, A.D.Hill:"Matrix acidizing in gas wells", SPE59771 April 2000.
[17]Chengli Dong, D.Zhu:"Acid Penetration in Natural Fracture Networks", SPE68927, May.200
[18]吴月光,磨87井GP1-2低毛细管力酸酸化效果分析[J]天然气工业,1996,16(3),98。
[19]姜德青慕立俊,闭合酸化技术在碳酸盐岩储层改造中的应用[J]石油钻探技术1999,27(3),37-38。
[20]Fagang Gu, Shuquan Ren, ZiguangYuan:"Technique to estimate fluid-loss and fracture geomet ry of fracture acidizing with foamed/non-foamed acid", SPE35598, Apr.1995.
[21]Fan Y.,etc."A tapid method for determining fracturingfluid leakoff coefficient and spurt loss", SPE38308, June1997.
[22]Zhenduo Wang, Xiaoquan Wang, Xugang Wang:"Investigation and Application of Fracturing a nd Acidizing Technology to Improve Ultra-Deep Well Water Injectivity in DH Oil Field",SPE5727 l,Oct.1999
[23]M.A.Buijse, Halliburton B.V:"Understanding Wormholing Mechanisms Can Improve Acid Tre atments in Carbonate Formations", SPE65068, June2000.
[24]Mohammed Y.AI-Qahtani, Zillur Rahim, Saudi:"Optimization of Acid Fracturing Program In the Khuff Gas Condensate Reservoir of South Ghawar Field Saudi Arabia by Managing Uncertain ties Using State-of-the-Art Technology, "SPE71688, Oct.2001.
[25]陈中一,四川碳酸盐岩低渗透气藏压裂酸化工艺技术[J]天然气工业,1992.3,P61。
[26]杨洪志、张春发等,国外深度酸化工艺技术思路探讨[J]天然气工业,1996.1,P46。
[27]段国彬,利用酸液动态滤失实验研究确定酸压施工用酸量[J]天然气工业,2000,20(5),50-52。
[28]Abou-saved I.S.:"MultiPle hydraulic fracture stimulation in a deep horizon-tal tight-gas well", J.Pet.Tech.,1996,48(2).
[29]M.F.Mayerhofer, M.F.Richardson:"Application effect of Proppants in hydr-aulic fracturing", J PT, Mar.1998.
[30]Mayerhofer Miehacl J., Meehan D.Nathan:"Waterfracs-Results from 50 Co-ttonValley Wells", SPE49104, Sept.1998.
[31]E.Siebrits, J.L.Elbel, etc.:"Refracture Reorientation Enhances Gas Production in Barnett Shale Tight Gas Wells", SPE63030, Oct.2000.
[32]J.Desroches,J.L.Elbel,H.Gu:"Computer Simulation of Multilayer Hydraulic F-ractures", SPE6478 9, Nov.2000.
[33]王均,胡文才,川西上侏罗系蓬莱镇组浅气层加砂压裂增产效果浅析[J]试采技术,1997,18(1),51-53,45。
[34]吴月先,四川八角场气田香四砂岩气藏水力压裂缝高确定方法[J]新疆石油地质,1998,19(2),169-170。
[35]魏斌,陈平,变排量压裂技术及其现场应用[J]石油钻采工艺,2000,22(6),70-71。
[36]何鲤,川西及邻区蓬莱镇组沉积层序特征及有利储集相带预测[J].四川地质学报,1999,11(1)
[37]王世谦,罗启后,四川盆地西部侏罗系天然气成藏特征[J]天然气工业,2001,21(2)：1-8
[38]尹太举,张昌民,李中超等,层序地层学在开发中的应用实践[J].沉积学报,2005,23(4)：664-671.
[39]舒萍,刘启,刘玉萍,低渗透复杂砂岩气藏开发与储量复算[J]天然气勘探与开发,2004,(02)
[40]张伦友,彭宽军,石油天然气储量价值评估方法研究[J]天然气勘探与开发,2005,(03)
[41]张伦友,黄嘉鑫,张彩,川渝低渗透气藏储量计算参数确定及评价方法[J]天然气勘探与开发,2008,12
[42]徐国盛,刘树根,四川盆地天然气成藏动力学[M].北京：地质出版社,2005
[43]王威,徐国盛,倪更生,廖义沙,川西苏码头构造侏罗系次生气藏成藏条件研究[J]石油实验地质,Vo131,No.1,Feb,2009
[44]胥洪成,陈建军,万玉金,杨依超,一点法产能方程在气藏开发中的应用[J]石油天然气学报,2007,(03)
[45]唐洪俊,林萍,各种确定气井无阻流量方法的剖析[J]新疆石油地质,2005,(03)
[46]L KO KU U. Natural gas production engineering[J] John Wiley& Sons. Inc,1984.
[47]杨宇,康毅力,曾焱,曾宪兵,对试凑法求取气井动态储量的改进[J]天然气工业,2007,(02)
[48]王鸣华,何晓东,一种计算气井控制储量的新方法[J]天然气工业,1996,16(4)：50253.
[49]孙勇,任山,王世泽,熊昕冬,川西低渗致密气藏难动用储量压裂关键技术研究[J]钻采工艺,2008,31(4)：68-70