深部开采高应力区冲击地压预测及防治研究
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摘要
随着煤层开采深度的增加和开采范围的扩大,采场高应力所导致的冲击地压对生产的威胁日趋严重。深部开采在构造复杂的条件下,高应力区域冲击危险性难以预测与控制。本文采用理论分析方法研究动压现象的成因与的影响因素。埋深900m条件下岩层积聚的变形能较大,顶底板岩层厚度大、强度高,开采后顶板积聚较大的弹性能量,断层区域易于形成高应力区,具有发生动压现象的条件。采用RFPA软件对采区倾向与走向以及两种不同埋深条件进行数值模拟分析。得出随着开采深度的加大,工作面的动压现象会越来越明显,煤层的开采危险性系数越大。工作面接近断层构造带或老顶来压期间易于发生冲击地压,因此必须做好断层构造带和老顶来压的预测工作。
工作面在掘进和回采两个阶段要加强动压的预测和防治,均以钻屑孔法监测预警为主,电磁辐射监测为辅。掘进面采用φ42-44mm煤电钻每班打深15-20m的钻孔进行超前探测,回采面顺槽煤帮单排布置间距6m、孔深15m的监测钻孔,钻孔方向为平行于煤层,垂直巷帮。采用KBD5电磁辐射监测仪对掘进头处50m范围内与顺槽超前200m范围采用定点监测。同时要做好危险区域解危效果的检测。冲击地压整体控制首先开拓布置合理、开采方法合适来避免高应力集中和能量积聚,通过煤层注水改变物理力学性质,爆破断顶、强制放顶和超前深孔预裂爆破等方法处理厚层坚硬顶板,消除大面积来压和冲击地压的威胁。局部性防治主要采用卸压爆破和钻孔卸压两种方式。
深部采场高应力区域动压现象危险预测与防治技术的研究,对于确保掘进面正常推进和回采工作面的安全生产具有重大意义。
With the increase of coal mining depth and scope of the expansion of mining, stope high stress caused by burst growing threat to production. Deep caving mining in complex and dynamic pressure under the conditions of high energy, high-stress region is difficult to predict the impact of risk and control, mining technology is difficult. In this paper, it used theoretical analysis of the causes of the phenomenon of dynamic pressure and the influencing factors. Depth of 900m under the rock deformation energy accumulated in large thick roof and floor rock, high strength, after mining the accumulation of large elastic energy roof, the fault area is easy to create high-stress area, the phenomenon has occurred in the conditions of dynamic pressure. It used RFPA Software to simulate the conditions of two different depths on the mining area along the face dip and strike. Obtained with the increase of mining depth, face the phenomenon of dynamic pressure will become increasingly clear that the exploitation of coal seams greater risk factor.
Face tunneling and mining in two stages to enhance prediction and control of dynamic pressure, cuttings Kong and France are the main monitoring and early warning, monitoring of secondary electromagnetic radiation. Drivingφ42-44mm coal face by drill class to play 15-20m deep drilling to advance exploration, coal mining surface trough to help single-row layout spacing 6m,15m deep hole drilling the monitoring, drilling direction is parallel to the seam, Vertical Drift. Electromagnetic radiation detector using KBD5 head office on the driving range and the trough 50m 200m ahead of the scope of use of sentinel surveillance. At the same time do a good job getting rid of danger effects danger zone detection. First, the overall control burst open layout is reasonable, appropriate mining methods to avoid high stress concentration and energy accumulation by changing the physical and mechanical properties of coal seam, blasting off the top, to force roof and Blasting and other advanced approach to thick hard roof, remove a large area to burst pressure and threats. Mainly localized control blasting and drilling relief relief in two ways. Face advance support should be flexible, able to absorb energy and impact of the hinged roof beams and wood back and hydraulic prop to support so as to ensure the safety of the production face.
Stope in deep areas of high stress dangerous phenomenon of dynamic pressure prediction and prevention techniques, but to ensure the normal driving surface mining face advance and the security of the production of great significance.
工作面在掘进和回采两个阶段要加强动压的预测和防治,均以钻屑孔法监测预警为主,电磁辐射监测为辅。掘进面采用φ42-44mm煤电钻每班打深15-20m的钻孔进行超前探测,回采面顺槽煤帮单排布置间距6m、孔深15m的监测钻孔,钻孔方向为平行于煤层,垂直巷帮。采用KBD5电磁辐射监测仪对掘进头处50m范围内与顺槽超前200m范围采用定点监测。同时要做好危险区域解危效果的检测。冲击地压整体控制首先开拓布置合理、开采方法合适来避免高应力集中和能量积聚,通过煤层注水改变物理力学性质,爆破断顶、强制放顶和超前深孔预裂爆破等方法处理厚层坚硬顶板,消除大面积来压和冲击地压的威胁。局部性防治主要采用卸压爆破和钻孔卸压两种方式。
深部采场高应力区域动压现象危险预测与防治技术的研究,对于确保掘进面正常推进和回采工作面的安全生产具有重大意义。
With the increase of coal mining depth and scope of the expansion of mining, stope high stress caused by burst growing threat to production. Deep caving mining in complex and dynamic pressure under the conditions of high energy, high-stress region is difficult to predict the impact of risk and control, mining technology is difficult. In this paper, it used theoretical analysis of the causes of the phenomenon of dynamic pressure and the influencing factors. Depth of 900m under the rock deformation energy accumulated in large thick roof and floor rock, high strength, after mining the accumulation of large elastic energy roof, the fault area is easy to create high-stress area, the phenomenon has occurred in the conditions of dynamic pressure. It used RFPA Software to simulate the conditions of two different depths on the mining area along the face dip and strike. Obtained with the increase of mining depth, face the phenomenon of dynamic pressure will become increasingly clear that the exploitation of coal seams greater risk factor.
Face tunneling and mining in two stages to enhance prediction and control of dynamic pressure, cuttings Kong and France are the main monitoring and early warning, monitoring of secondary electromagnetic radiation. Drivingφ42-44mm coal face by drill class to play 15-20m deep drilling to advance exploration, coal mining surface trough to help single-row layout spacing 6m,15m deep hole drilling the monitoring, drilling direction is parallel to the seam, Vertical Drift. Electromagnetic radiation detector using KBD5 head office on the driving range and the trough 50m 200m ahead of the scope of use of sentinel surveillance. At the same time do a good job getting rid of danger effects danger zone detection. First, the overall control burst open layout is reasonable, appropriate mining methods to avoid high stress concentration and energy accumulation by changing the physical and mechanical properties of coal seam, blasting off the top, to force roof and Blasting and other advanced approach to thick hard roof, remove a large area to burst pressure and threats. Mainly localized control blasting and drilling relief relief in two ways. Face advance support should be flexible, able to absorb energy and impact of the hinged roof beams and wood back and hydraulic prop to support so as to ensure the safety of the production face.
Stope in deep areas of high stress dangerous phenomenon of dynamic pressure prediction and prevention techniques, but to ensure the normal driving surface mining face advance and the security of the production of great significance.
引文
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2.钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,2003：294-330
3.谭云亮.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].煤炭工业出版社,2008.02.01
4.谭云亮,周辉,王泳嘉等.模拟岩石声发射及混沌性的PCA模型[J],中国有色金属学报,2002.04
5. 窦林名,何学秋.冲击矿压防治理论与技术[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,2001
6. 李德忠,夏新川.深部矿井开采技术[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,2005
7. 张光尘等.中国采煤学[M]北京：煤炭工业出版社,2003,8
8.曹允伟等.煤矿开采方法[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,2005,6
9.徐永析等.采矿学[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,2003,10
10.张智慧.大台井急倾斜煤层冲击地压及注水防治研究[D].辽宁工程技术大学,2003
11.李兴伟.工作面冲击地压声发射模式与应用[D].山东科技大学,2004
12.雷毅.冲击危险性评价模型的建立及应用研究[D].煤炭科学研究总院,2005
13.方新秋.综放采场支架—围岩稳定性及控制研究[D].徐州：中国矿业大学能源与安全工程学院,2002
14.陶三宝.深部厚煤层开采冲击地压防治技术研究[D]..山东科技大学,2007
15.郭惟嘉,沈光寒,闰强刚.华丰煤矿采动覆岩移动变形与治理的研究[J].山东矿业学院学报,1995,12(4)：359364
16.何全洪.冲击地压工作面顺槽底板爆破卸压技术[J],煤矿开采,2000,(2)：44-46
17.石长生.卸压钻孔在防治冲击地压区的实践[J],能源技术与管理,2007(1)：20-2
18.陈永民,陈平,张作礼.煤矿冲击地压灾害的预防与治理[J],山东国土资源,2007,23(3)：21-23
19.方新秋,窦林名,柳俊仓,彭立正,牟宗龙.大采深条带开采坚硬顶板工作面冲击矿压治理研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(5)：602-606
20.石强,潘一山,李英杰.我国冲击矿压典型案例及分析[J].煤矿开采,2005,10(2)：13-17
21.何烨，彭飞,胡学军,等.济二矿首例孤岛综放面冲击矿压监测治理[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(5)：569-572
22.齐庆新,刘天泉,史元伟.冲击地压的摩擦滑动失稳机理[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1995(3-4)：174-177
23.潘一山,李忠华,章梦涛.我国冲击地压分布、类型、机理及防治研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11)：1844-1851
24.邰英楼,王来贵,章梦涛.冲击地压的分类研究[J].煤矿开采,1998(1)：27-28
25.金立平,鲜学福.煤层冲击倾向性试验研究及模糊综合评判[J].重庆大学学报,1993(6)：114-119
26.章梦涛.冲击地压失稳理论及数值计算[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1987(3)：197-204
27.齐庆新,史元伟,刘天泉.冲击地压粘滑失稳机理的实验研究[J].煤炭学报,1997,22(2)：144-148
28.李新元.围岩-煤体系统失稳破坏及冲击地压预测的探讨[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(6)：633-636
29.潘一山,章梦涛.用突变理论分析冲击发生的物理过程[J].阜新矿业学院学报,1992(1)：12-18
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