论“过度诠释”
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摘要
自从安贝托·艾柯在丹纳讲座提出过度诠释以来,关于过度诠释的争论此起彼伏。本文对这些争论进行梳理,认为目前对于过度诠释的研究主要体现在以下两个方面：一是关于过度诠释的积极意义与消极意义；二是艾柯的过度诠释。事实上,过度诠释这个概念并不是艾柯第一次在学术著作中使用,也并不能简单地认为过度诠释具有积极与消极的意义。因为这些研究缺乏历时维度的关照,也忽视了过度诠释概念本身的复杂性与动态性。本文以此为契机分别从研究现状、概念的由来、过度诠释与作者、文本及读者之间的关系、过度诠释之后的文学诠释等角度展开充分、细致的论述。
引言中对过度诠释研究现状进行阐明,亦是本文的文献综述,目的在于指出目前的研究主要围绕着过度诠释的消极意义与积极意义,没有对概念本身进行明确的界定,特别是缺乏历时维度的探讨。不足之处即是起点,以此为过度诠释研究的核心进行论述,并大致概括全文的研究思路,简明扼要地点出全文主旨。
第一章首先在逻辑上对诠释与过度诠释的关系进行说明,先有诠释在文学研究中地位的确立,后有过度诠释在文学研究中的提出。其次通过对过度诠释概念的历史梳理,我们得知过度诠释这个概念并不是艾柯首次提出,在弗洛伊德《梦的解析》一书中早已存在,并且两者对过度诠释的意指完全不同。因此过度诠释这个概念并不是僵死的,而是过程性概念。随着文学诠释活动的发展而体现出不同的表象与成因。
第二章主要阐明在以作者为中心的文学诠释活动中过度诠释的表象及原因。为了方便论述,先是对以作者为中心的文学诠释进行理论上的概括,认为同是以作者作为文学诠释的主要目的但还是有所侧重,一是侧重作者经验,另一是侧重作者意图。在此基础上分别对过度诠释的表象进行提炼,认为“作品意义服从作者传记”与“作者意图就是一切”这两个理论观点契合过度诠释的理论特征。相应地对两个表象进行分析,归纳总结出两者成为过度诠释的理论原因。
第三章主要阐明在以文本为中心的文学诠释活动中过度诠释的表象及原因。通过对以文本为中心的文学诠释进行理论的上概括认为它主要包括三个方面：首先是俄国形式主义文论以及文学性的提出；其次是新批评理论以及两个谬误的提出；最后是结构主义文论以及语言结构的探究。在此基础之上分析过度诠释的表象,认为形式主义文论的技术倾向与形式主义文论对文学科学的过度提倡契合过度诠释的理论特征。相应地对两个表象进行分析,归纳总结出两者成为过度诠释的理论原因。
第四章主要阐明在以读者为中心的文学诠释活动中过度诠释的表象及原因。笔者通过对以读者为中心的文学诠释进行理论上的概括,认为它主要包括接受理论与读者反应批评两个方面。在此基础上分析过度诠释的表象,认为文学意义的情感论与读者反应批评文论中体现的任意诠释契合过度诠释的理论特征。相应地对这两个表象进行分析,归纳总结出两者成为过度诠释的理论原因。
第五章主要阐明过度诠释视域下的文学诠释走向问题,并提出论者关于文学诠释的新见解。在论述两种过度诠释概念范式理论不足之后,认为在今后的文学诠释中应该做到确认一个对象——文学,区分两种诠释,顾及三个限度,认识文学意义的本质。只有做到以上几点,我们才能更好地对文学作品进行诠释,更好地把握文学意义。
本文以学界关于过度诠释的研究与计论为出发点,以文学诠释活动的一般性质与三个层面为切入点,对过度诠释进行了新的研究。通过拓宽过度诠释的理论视野,深化了对过度诠释的这个概念的认识,阐发了过度诠释与文学诠释活动的有机联系,确立一些过度诠释的表象及原因。在此基础上,希望有助于文学诠释活动的完善。
Since Umberto Eco put forward the overinterpretation in the Tanner Lectur es, the argument about overinterpretation was concerned increasingly. This pape r analyze these arguments and point out that the research of overinterpretation mainly is reflected in two aspects:The first is about overinterpretation of posit ive meaning and negative meaning; The second is Eco's overinterpretation. In f act, the concept of overinterpretation is not the first time putted forward in the academic works by Eco,one can't simply say that the overinterpretation has po sitive meanings or negative meanings. Because the study of overinterpretation1acked the historical dimension, also ignore the concept of overinterpretation has the complexity and dynamic. This paper take this as an opportunity to study t he overinterpretation and respectively explore the research status,the origin of t he concept, overinterpretation and author, overinterpretation and text, overinterpr etation and reader, the interpretation after the overinterpretation.
In Introduction first clarify the current situation of the study of overinterpretation, also be this paper's literature review, and point out the purpose of the current study is around the negative meaning or positive meaning of overinterpretation, not to make clear the concept itself, especially lack of diachronic dimensions. Deficiency is also the start, which as the core of the research for overinterpretation and summarize the thoughts about how to write this paper, in addition concise put forward the purport of this paper.
The first chapter above all explain the relation about interpretation and overinterpretation from the logic.Author make conclusions that interpretation has the important status in the literary studies precedes overinterpretation be proposed. After that we found the concept of the overinterpretation not fist proposed by Eco and already exists in the Sigmund Freud's 《The interpretation of dreams》.There are many difference exist in the understanding about overinterpretation. So the concept of overinterpretation isn't rigid, it is a constructional concept. Along with the development of literary interpretation activities and reflects different representations and causes.
The second chapter mainly expounds the representations and causes of ove rinterpretation in the author-centered literary interpretation activities.For the con venience of analysis, we summary the author-centered literary interpretation and found that author-centered literary interpretation include two aspects:one is au thorial experience, the other is authorial intention. On that basis, we extract the representations of overinterpretation and think that the viewpoint of "literary meaning submitting to author biography" and the viewpoint of "intentions are e verything" are overinterpretation. Then we corresponding analysis the two repre sentations and generalize the theoretical reasons.
The third chapter mainly expounds the representations and causes of overi nterpretation in the text-centered literary interpretation activities.we summary the text-centered literary interpretation and found that text-centered literary interpre tation include three aspects:one is the Russia formalism and literariness be pro posed, another is New criticism and two fallacies be proposed, the other is str ucturalism literary theory and exploring the structure of a language. On that ba sis, we extract the representations of overinterpretation and think that Formalis m literary theory's technically inclined and Formalism literary theory excessivel y advocate the literary science which are overinterpretation. Then we correspon ding analysis the two representations and generalize the theoretical reasons.
The fourth chapter mainly expounds the representations and causes of over interpretation in the reader-centered literary interpretation activities, we summary the reader-centered literary interpretation and found that reader-centered literary interpretation include two aspects:one is reception theory, the other is reader-response criticism. On that basis, we extract the representations of overinterpret ation and think that emotional theory of literary meaning and arbitrarily interpr etation in the reader-response criticism are overinterpretation. Then we correspo nding analysis the two representations and generalize the theoretical reasons.
The fifth chapter mainly expounds what the literary interpretation move to wards after the research has been done on the overinterpretation. It is author's new insights about overinterpretation. We clarify deficiency of two conception of paradigm about overinterpretation. Then we think that literary interpretation should make sure a object——literature, differentiate two interpretation, take int o account the limit of interpretation, recognize the essence of literary meanings from now on. By doing these things, we can better interpretate the literature and grasp the literary meaning.
This paper begin with research and discuss of overinterpretation to deeply exploration. The general properties of literary interpretation activities and three levels is the sticking point. By broaden the theory content of overinterpretation, we deeply understand the concept of overinterpretation, expound organic connection of overinterpretation and literary interpretation activities, establish some representations and causes of overinterpretation. These are contribute to improve the literary interpretation.
引言中对过度诠释研究现状进行阐明,亦是本文的文献综述,目的在于指出目前的研究主要围绕着过度诠释的消极意义与积极意义,没有对概念本身进行明确的界定,特别是缺乏历时维度的探讨。不足之处即是起点,以此为过度诠释研究的核心进行论述,并大致概括全文的研究思路,简明扼要地点出全文主旨。
第一章首先在逻辑上对诠释与过度诠释的关系进行说明,先有诠释在文学研究中地位的确立,后有过度诠释在文学研究中的提出。其次通过对过度诠释概念的历史梳理,我们得知过度诠释这个概念并不是艾柯首次提出,在弗洛伊德《梦的解析》一书中早已存在,并且两者对过度诠释的意指完全不同。因此过度诠释这个概念并不是僵死的,而是过程性概念。随着文学诠释活动的发展而体现出不同的表象与成因。
第二章主要阐明在以作者为中心的文学诠释活动中过度诠释的表象及原因。为了方便论述,先是对以作者为中心的文学诠释进行理论上的概括,认为同是以作者作为文学诠释的主要目的但还是有所侧重,一是侧重作者经验,另一是侧重作者意图。在此基础上分别对过度诠释的表象进行提炼,认为“作品意义服从作者传记”与“作者意图就是一切”这两个理论观点契合过度诠释的理论特征。相应地对两个表象进行分析,归纳总结出两者成为过度诠释的理论原因。
第三章主要阐明在以文本为中心的文学诠释活动中过度诠释的表象及原因。通过对以文本为中心的文学诠释进行理论的上概括认为它主要包括三个方面：首先是俄国形式主义文论以及文学性的提出；其次是新批评理论以及两个谬误的提出；最后是结构主义文论以及语言结构的探究。在此基础之上分析过度诠释的表象,认为形式主义文论的技术倾向与形式主义文论对文学科学的过度提倡契合过度诠释的理论特征。相应地对两个表象进行分析,归纳总结出两者成为过度诠释的理论原因。
第四章主要阐明在以读者为中心的文学诠释活动中过度诠释的表象及原因。笔者通过对以读者为中心的文学诠释进行理论上的概括,认为它主要包括接受理论与读者反应批评两个方面。在此基础上分析过度诠释的表象,认为文学意义的情感论与读者反应批评文论中体现的任意诠释契合过度诠释的理论特征。相应地对这两个表象进行分析,归纳总结出两者成为过度诠释的理论原因。
第五章主要阐明过度诠释视域下的文学诠释走向问题,并提出论者关于文学诠释的新见解。在论述两种过度诠释概念范式理论不足之后,认为在今后的文学诠释中应该做到确认一个对象——文学,区分两种诠释,顾及三个限度,认识文学意义的本质。只有做到以上几点,我们才能更好地对文学作品进行诠释,更好地把握文学意义。
本文以学界关于过度诠释的研究与计论为出发点,以文学诠释活动的一般性质与三个层面为切入点,对过度诠释进行了新的研究。通过拓宽过度诠释的理论视野,深化了对过度诠释的这个概念的认识,阐发了过度诠释与文学诠释活动的有机联系,确立一些过度诠释的表象及原因。在此基础上,希望有助于文学诠释活动的完善。
Since Umberto Eco put forward the overinterpretation in the Tanner Lectur es, the argument about overinterpretation was concerned increasingly. This pape r analyze these arguments and point out that the research of overinterpretation mainly is reflected in two aspects:The first is about overinterpretation of posit ive meaning and negative meaning; The second is Eco's overinterpretation. In f act, the concept of overinterpretation is not the first time putted forward in the academic works by Eco,one can't simply say that the overinterpretation has po sitive meanings or negative meanings. Because the study of overinterpretation1acked the historical dimension, also ignore the concept of overinterpretation has the complexity and dynamic. This paper take this as an opportunity to study t he overinterpretation and respectively explore the research status,the origin of t he concept, overinterpretation and author, overinterpretation and text, overinterpr etation and reader, the interpretation after the overinterpretation.
In Introduction first clarify the current situation of the study of overinterpretation, also be this paper's literature review, and point out the purpose of the current study is around the negative meaning or positive meaning of overinterpretation, not to make clear the concept itself, especially lack of diachronic dimensions. Deficiency is also the start, which as the core of the research for overinterpretation and summarize the thoughts about how to write this paper, in addition concise put forward the purport of this paper.
The first chapter above all explain the relation about interpretation and overinterpretation from the logic.Author make conclusions that interpretation has the important status in the literary studies precedes overinterpretation be proposed. After that we found the concept of the overinterpretation not fist proposed by Eco and already exists in the Sigmund Freud's 《The interpretation of dreams》.There are many difference exist in the understanding about overinterpretation. So the concept of overinterpretation isn't rigid, it is a constructional concept. Along with the development of literary interpretation activities and reflects different representations and causes.
The second chapter mainly expounds the representations and causes of ove rinterpretation in the author-centered literary interpretation activities.For the con venience of analysis, we summary the author-centered literary interpretation and found that author-centered literary interpretation include two aspects:one is au thorial experience, the other is authorial intention. On that basis, we extract the representations of overinterpretation and think that the viewpoint of "literary meaning submitting to author biography" and the viewpoint of "intentions are e verything" are overinterpretation. Then we corresponding analysis the two repre sentations and generalize the theoretical reasons.
The third chapter mainly expounds the representations and causes of overi nterpretation in the text-centered literary interpretation activities.we summary the text-centered literary interpretation and found that text-centered literary interpre tation include three aspects:one is the Russia formalism and literariness be pro posed, another is New criticism and two fallacies be proposed, the other is str ucturalism literary theory and exploring the structure of a language. On that ba sis, we extract the representations of overinterpretation and think that Formalis m literary theory's technically inclined and Formalism literary theory excessivel y advocate the literary science which are overinterpretation. Then we correspon ding analysis the two representations and generalize the theoretical reasons.
The fourth chapter mainly expounds the representations and causes of over interpretation in the reader-centered literary interpretation activities, we summary the reader-centered literary interpretation and found that reader-centered literary interpretation include two aspects:one is reception theory, the other is reader-response criticism. On that basis, we extract the representations of overinterpret ation and think that emotional theory of literary meaning and arbitrarily interpr etation in the reader-response criticism are overinterpretation. Then we correspo nding analysis the two representations and generalize the theoretical reasons.
The fifth chapter mainly expounds what the literary interpretation move to wards after the research has been done on the overinterpretation. It is author's new insights about overinterpretation. We clarify deficiency of two conception of paradigm about overinterpretation. Then we think that literary interpretation should make sure a object——literature, differentiate two interpretation, take int o account the limit of interpretation, recognize the essence of literary meanings from now on. By doing these things, we can better interpretate the literature and grasp the literary meaning.
This paper begin with research and discuss of overinterpretation to deeply exploration. The general properties of literary interpretation activities and three levels is the sticking point. By broaden the theory content of overinterpretation, we deeply understand the concept of overinterpretation, expound organic connection of overinterpretation and literary interpretation activities, establish some representations and causes of overinterpretation. These are contribute to improve the literary interpretation.
引文
①斯特凡·柯里尼.诠释与过度诠释[C],王宇根译.北京：三联书店,1997,p9.
①斯特凡·柯里尼.诠释与过度诠释[C],王宇根译.北京：三联书店,1997,p67.
②斯特凡·柯里尼.诠释与过度诠释[C],王宇根译.北京：三联书店,1997,p101.
③Umbcrto Eco.The Limits of Interpretation[M].Bloomington:Indiana University Press.1990, p57.
④Umbcrto Eco.The Limits of Interpretation[M].Bloomington:Indiana University Press.1990, p57.
①斯特凡·柯里尼.诠释与过度诠释[C],王宇根译.北京：三联书店,1997,p119.
②斯特凡·柯里尼.诠释与过度诠释[C],王宇根译.北京：三联书店,1997,p132.
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①赫施.解释的有效性[M],王才勇译.北京：三联书店,1991,p19.
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