双基地雷达同步技术研究与同步系统设计
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摘要
双基地雷达具备较好的“四抗”（抗反辐射导弹、抗电子干扰、抗低空入侵和抗隐形）能力，能有效解决单基地雷达所存在的诸多技术缺陷，对提高我军现有雷达防空网整体水平具有重要意义，在现代电子战和未来的信息战中也具有极其重要的地位。双基地雷达体制和系统结构上的特殊性决定了它在技术上具有不同于传统雷达的一些特点，所以双基地雷达系统的研制首先需要解决时间同步、频率和相位同步、空间同步、信号处理、杂波抑制等关键技术。
本文针对双基地雷达系统的时间、频率与相位同步进行了细致的分析、设计和论证，在充分比较各种授时技术优缺点的基础之上，结合双基地雷达系统的特点，提出了一种基于GPS的时间、频率与相位同步方案。该方案克服了传统时间同步装置需要较长时间来校正频率误差的缺陷，使校正后的精度大为提高。分析论证表明，论文提出的双基地雷达同步系统方案是正确的和实现可行的。
本文从结构上分为五章。第一章概述了雷达的技术发展趋势；第二章重点论述双基地雷达系统基本理论，并对其中的关键技术进行了分析；第三章和第四章对双基地雷达系统中关键技术之一的时间、频率同步的相关技术问题进行了分析和研究。第五章在以上基本理论和关键技术研究的基础上，提出了利用GPS实现双基地雷达时间、频率同步的系统方案，并详细讨论了同步保持的问题，对相应的指标作了进一步的分析、论证。
Bistatic radar system is very important in modern electronic and informational warfare since it has the ability of anti-ARM, anti-jamming, anti-Low Altitude Infall, and anti-stealth. Also it can effectively solve the main "four-threat" of single radar system. However, there's some problems must to be resolved, such as time synchronization, space and phase synchronization, signal processing, and clutter constricting, etc.
This thesis concentrates on the time synchronization and phase synchronization of bistatic radar system. This field is very important because the synchronization degree will influence the operation of the radar system heavily. In this paper, the fundamental theory of bistatic radar system and the problems it faced is introduced. At the same time, the transmission technologies of time and frequency signal are discussed and the advantages and disadvantages of each technology is analyzed too. Furthermore, a new time and phase synchronization scheme using a globe positioning system of a satellite (GPS) is presented. It is expected that this scheme can realize the time synchronization, frequency synchronization and phase synchronization of the bistatic radar system effectively.
This dissertation consists of 5 chapters. The first part reviews the development of radar. The theoretical basis of bistatic radar system is introduced in second part. Chapter 3 discusses the time base and frequency base, as well as the measure methods of time and frequency. The traditional transmission technology of time and frequency signal is analyzed in chapter 4. The error of each technology and revising of the error also are topics of focus. In the last section, the author presents a technical scheme of time and phase synchronization based on GPS. Furthermore, the maintenance of synchronization is discussed.
本文针对双基地雷达系统的时间、频率与相位同步进行了细致的分析、设计和论证，在充分比较各种授时技术优缺点的基础之上，结合双基地雷达系统的特点，提出了一种基于GPS的时间、频率与相位同步方案。该方案克服了传统时间同步装置需要较长时间来校正频率误差的缺陷，使校正后的精度大为提高。分析论证表明，论文提出的双基地雷达同步系统方案是正确的和实现可行的。
本文从结构上分为五章。第一章概述了雷达的技术发展趋势；第二章重点论述双基地雷达系统基本理论，并对其中的关键技术进行了分析；第三章和第四章对双基地雷达系统中关键技术之一的时间、频率同步的相关技术问题进行了分析和研究。第五章在以上基本理论和关键技术研究的基础上，提出了利用GPS实现双基地雷达时间、频率同步的系统方案，并详细讨论了同步保持的问题，对相应的指标作了进一步的分析、论证。
Bistatic radar system is very important in modern electronic and informational warfare since it has the ability of anti-ARM, anti-jamming, anti-Low Altitude Infall, and anti-stealth. Also it can effectively solve the main "four-threat" of single radar system. However, there's some problems must to be resolved, such as time synchronization, space and phase synchronization, signal processing, and clutter constricting, etc.
This thesis concentrates on the time synchronization and phase synchronization of bistatic radar system. This field is very important because the synchronization degree will influence the operation of the radar system heavily. In this paper, the fundamental theory of bistatic radar system and the problems it faced is introduced. At the same time, the transmission technologies of time and frequency signal are discussed and the advantages and disadvantages of each technology is analyzed too. Furthermore, a new time and phase synchronization scheme using a globe positioning system of a satellite (GPS) is presented. It is expected that this scheme can realize the time synchronization, frequency synchronization and phase synchronization of the bistatic radar system effectively.
This dissertation consists of 5 chapters. The first part reviews the development of radar. The theoretical basis of bistatic radar system is introduced in second part. Chapter 3 discusses the time base and frequency base, as well as the measure methods of time and frequency. The traditional transmission technology of time and frequency signal is analyzed in chapter 4. The error of each technology and revising of the error also are topics of focus. In the last section, the author presents a technical scheme of time and phase synchronization based on GPS. Furthermore, the maintenance of synchronization is discussed.
引文
1 向敬成,张明友.雷达系统.电子工业出版社,2001
2 王意青,张明友.雷达原理.电子科技大学出版社,1993
3 杨振起,张永顺,骆永军.双（多）基地雷达系统.国防工业出版社,1998
4 刘海波,高厚磊,刘文格.GPS定位和授时原理及其在电力系统中的应用. 山东电力技术,1998年第5期
5 赵让元,李蕾,张红旗.GPS在时间同步装置中的应用. 电子技术应用,1997年第5期
6 H.G.Berns and R.J.Wilkers. GPS time synchronization system for K2K. IEEE Transactions on nuclear Science. VOL.47, NO.2 ,APRIL ,2000.
7 Joshua Wurman, Mitch Randall, Charless L.Frush, Christopher L.Holloway. Design of a Bistatic Dual-Doppler Radar for Retrieving Vector Winds Using One Transmitter and a Remote Low-Gain Passive Receiver. IEEE, VOL.82, NO.12 December 1994.
8 林昌华.时间同步与校频.国防工业出版社,1990
9 刘海波,高厚磊,刘文格.GPS定位和授时原理及其在电力系统中的应用. 山东电力技术,1998年第5期
10 程根兰.数字同步网.人民邮电出版社,2001
11 刘大杰,施一民,过静珺.全球定位系统(GPS)的原理与数据处理.同济大学出版社,1996
12 董绪荣,张守信.GPS/INS组合导航定位及其应用.国防科技大学出版社,1998
13 干国强,邱致和.导航与定位. 国防工业出版社,2000
14 王荣,张守信,牛晓华.GPS在航天技术中的应用及前景.中国航天,1998年第2期
15 Ragunathan Rajkumar, Lui Sha, John P. Lehoczky. Real-time synchronization protocols for multiprocessors. IEEE,1998
16 樊战友,王大琴,李志刚,王丹妮,胡靖文. 时间间隔计数器的研制. 陕西天文台台刊,2001年2月
17 王峥,胡敏强,郑建勇.基于GPS的变电站内部时间同步方法.电力系统自动化,2002年2月
18 Li Li, A. Karmouch, N. D. Georganas. Real-Time Synchronization Control in Multimedia Distributed Systems.
19 胡锦伦. 国产氢原子钟是我国高精度时、频用户的最佳选择. 中国科学院上海天文台年刊,1999年第20期
20 谭明勇,方薇,隋志国.用GPS同步地铁时钟系统.铁道通信信号,2002年第38卷第2期
21 张承学,龚庆武,胡志坚,左克锋,陈允平.基于GPS同步采样装置的研制及其应用. 电力系统自动化,2000年5月25日
22 陆祥君.雷达组网系统误差校正的一种方法.现代雷达,2001年6月
23 苗世洪,王少荣,刘沛,程时杰.一种基于GPS的时间同步装置.电子计算机与外部设备, 2000年1月
24 Sigfrido leschiutia. Time synchronization using laser techniques. Proceedings of The IEEE, Vol 79, NO. 7, July 1991
25 孙志勇,刘春生.基于“Jupiter”GPS接收机的应用设计.国外电子元器件, 2002年第3期
26 曾一凡, 李红星.GPS同步子母钟系统的研制. 沈阳工业大学学报, 第23卷增刊2001年11月
27 Chun-Chuan Yang. Design of the data-retrieving engine for distributed multimedia presentations. IEEE, 2001
28 Gi-Taek Kim, Hyuck-Soo Kim, Jung-Yong Choi. Wavelet transform based power transmission line fault location using GPS for accurate time synchronization. IEEE, 2001
29 石福升. GPS卫星定位系统在地学仪器中时间同步技术研究.石油仪器,1997年8月第11卷
30 Edward J. Gosch. Time-Synchronized Multi-Phase Generator. IEEE
31 David A. Howe. High-accuracy time transfer via geostationary satellites--preliminary results. IEEE,1988
32 Chit-Sang Tsang, Tien M. Nguyen. Long loop time tracking performance for satellite communication system. IEEE,1999
2 王意青,张明友.雷达原理.电子科技大学出版社,1993
3 杨振起,张永顺,骆永军.双（多）基地雷达系统.国防工业出版社,1998
4 刘海波,高厚磊,刘文格.GPS定位和授时原理及其在电力系统中的应用. 山东电力技术,1998年第5期
5 赵让元,李蕾,张红旗.GPS在时间同步装置中的应用. 电子技术应用,1997年第5期
6 H.G.Berns and R.J.Wilkers. GPS time synchronization system for K2K. IEEE Transactions on nuclear Science. VOL.47, NO.2 ,APRIL ,2000.
7 Joshua Wurman, Mitch Randall, Charless L.Frush, Christopher L.Holloway. Design of a Bistatic Dual-Doppler Radar for Retrieving Vector Winds Using One Transmitter and a Remote Low-Gain Passive Receiver. IEEE, VOL.82, NO.12 December 1994.
8 林昌华.时间同步与校频.国防工业出版社,1990
9 刘海波,高厚磊,刘文格.GPS定位和授时原理及其在电力系统中的应用. 山东电力技术,1998年第5期
10 程根兰.数字同步网.人民邮电出版社,2001
11 刘大杰,施一民,过静珺.全球定位系统(GPS)的原理与数据处理.同济大学出版社,1996
12 董绪荣,张守信.GPS/INS组合导航定位及其应用.国防科技大学出版社,1998
13 干国强,邱致和.导航与定位. 国防工业出版社,2000
14 王荣,张守信,牛晓华.GPS在航天技术中的应用及前景.中国航天,1998年第2期
15 Ragunathan Rajkumar, Lui Sha, John P. Lehoczky. Real-time synchronization protocols for multiprocessors. IEEE,1998
16 樊战友,王大琴,李志刚,王丹妮,胡靖文. 时间间隔计数器的研制. 陕西天文台台刊,2001年2月
17 王峥,胡敏强,郑建勇.基于GPS的变电站内部时间同步方法.电力系统自动化,2002年2月
18 Li Li, A. Karmouch, N. D. Georganas. Real-Time Synchronization Control in Multimedia Distributed Systems.
19 胡锦伦. 国产氢原子钟是我国高精度时、频用户的最佳选择. 中国科学院上海天文台年刊,1999年第20期
20 谭明勇,方薇,隋志国.用GPS同步地铁时钟系统.铁道通信信号,2002年第38卷第2期
21 张承学,龚庆武,胡志坚,左克锋,陈允平.基于GPS同步采样装置的研制及其应用. 电力系统自动化,2000年5月25日
22 陆祥君.雷达组网系统误差校正的一种方法.现代雷达,2001年6月
23 苗世洪,王少荣,刘沛,程时杰.一种基于GPS的时间同步装置.电子计算机与外部设备, 2000年1月
24 Sigfrido leschiutia. Time synchronization using laser techniques. Proceedings of The IEEE, Vol 79, NO. 7, July 1991
25 孙志勇,刘春生.基于“Jupiter”GPS接收机的应用设计.国外电子元器件, 2002年第3期
26 曾一凡, 李红星.GPS同步子母钟系统的研制. 沈阳工业大学学报, 第23卷增刊2001年11月
27 Chun-Chuan Yang. Design of the data-retrieving engine for distributed multimedia presentations. IEEE, 2001
28 Gi-Taek Kim, Hyuck-Soo Kim, Jung-Yong Choi. Wavelet transform based power transmission line fault location using GPS for accurate time synchronization. IEEE, 2001
29 石福升. GPS卫星定位系统在地学仪器中时间同步技术研究.石油仪器,1997年8月第11卷
30 Edward J. Gosch. Time-Synchronized Multi-Phase Generator. IEEE
31 David A. Howe. High-accuracy time transfer via geostationary satellites--preliminary results. IEEE,1988
32 Chit-Sang Tsang, Tien M. Nguyen. Long loop time tracking performance for satellite communication system. IEEE,1999