卫星授时接收机与测试系统的研究
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摘要
卫星授时作为一种崭新的授时技术,能有效消除地域影响、实现全球范围内精确授时,已成为当前时间同步领域的主流方法。卫星接收机是连接卫星与地面用户的通道,其性能将直接影响授时系统的可靠性,也是提高卫星系统竞争力的关键因素。
本论文针对一款卫星授时接收机的性能优化和产品测试展开研究,目的在于促进北斗卫星系统的民用化,主要包括基于铷原子频标的时间基准源设计和卫星授时接收机测试系统开发两部分内容:
(1)为提高卫星接收机的授时精度和稳定度,选用时间标准设备中最准确、最稳定的原子频标代替石英晶体振荡器,减小了接收机钟差,优化了接收机的精度和工作性能。本文在分析研究了铷原子频标X72的工作原理、控制方法及频率特性基础上,设计了数据通信、信号输出与扩展、频率调节、告警等硬件模块,完成了时间基准源的PCB电路板设计,并简要说明了设备的校准与维护工作。
(2)卫星接收机测试系统的目的在于对其产品质量的控制和优化,针对测试需求制定了测试系统软件设计方案,通过C++ Builder软件编程实现了接收机与计算机的数据通信,完成了数据的实时监控、分析与故障报警,利用数据库实现测试结果的海量存储与回放查询。测试系统能够全面分析接收机的动态性能和长期稳定性,提升接收机数据分析的效率,更加准确了解接收机整体运行及工作状况。
对本文设计的时间基准源设备进行了性能指标测试,频率准确度为±5×10~(-11),符合各项技术要求,具有一定的实用和推广价值;研究的测试系统已实现了对双模卫星授时接收机的实时测量和监控,对产品化过程中接收机的性能分析和故障定位起到关键作用,有效减轻了测试人员的劳动强度。
As a new timing technology, satellite time service can effectively reduce the error caused by geometric factors and achieve precise timing on a global scale, so it has become the mainstream method in the time synchronization field. The satellite receiver is a connector between satellite and ground users. Its performance will directly affect the reliability of time service system and determines the competitiveness of the satellite system as a key component.
Aim to provide domestic application of satellite time service using Beidou satellite systems, this thesis studies on the performance optimization and testing technique of a satellite time service receiver. The main work includes two parts, the design of time reference source based on rubidium atomic frequency and the testing system of satellite time service receiver.
(1) In order to improve the timing precision and stability of satellite receiver, the atomic frequency standard, which is the most accurate and stability among all the standard equipment, is adopted instead of quartz crystal oscillators,thus helps to reduce the receiver clock error and optimizes the accuracy and performance of the receiver. According to the operating principle, control methods and frequency characteristic of the rubidium atomic frequency standard X72, the thesis designs the data communication, signal output and expansion, frequency adjustment, alarm and other auxiliary hardware modules. The PCB circuit board for the whole time reference source is finished and the equipment calibration and maintenance method are given briefly.
(2) The testing system provides a measure for controling and optimizing the quality of the satellite receiver. According to the specific requirements, a software design scheme for the testing system is proposed. Data communication module, which accomplishes real-time data monitoring and alarm on faults, is realized using C++ Builder software. Combing with a database, the test system can storage and playback information of testing results between the receiver and computer massively. The testing system can carry on comprehensive analysis of the dynamic performance, long-term stability of the receiver,improve the efficiency of the receiver data analysis, as well as record more accurate running status and working conditions of the receiver.
The performance characteristics of the proposed time reference source has been tested, its frequency accuracy is±5×10~(-11). The device satisfies harsh technical requirements and has practical application values. The testing system can be utilized for real-time testing and monitoring of the dual-mode satellite timing receiver. It plays a key role in performance analysis and fault location in the production process, which effectively reduces labor intensity of the testing workers.
本论文针对一款卫星授时接收机的性能优化和产品测试展开研究,目的在于促进北斗卫星系统的民用化,主要包括基于铷原子频标的时间基准源设计和卫星授时接收机测试系统开发两部分内容:
(1)为提高卫星接收机的授时精度和稳定度,选用时间标准设备中最准确、最稳定的原子频标代替石英晶体振荡器,减小了接收机钟差,优化了接收机的精度和工作性能。本文在分析研究了铷原子频标X72的工作原理、控制方法及频率特性基础上,设计了数据通信、信号输出与扩展、频率调节、告警等硬件模块,完成了时间基准源的PCB电路板设计,并简要说明了设备的校准与维护工作。
(2)卫星接收机测试系统的目的在于对其产品质量的控制和优化,针对测试需求制定了测试系统软件设计方案,通过C++ Builder软件编程实现了接收机与计算机的数据通信,完成了数据的实时监控、分析与故障报警,利用数据库实现测试结果的海量存储与回放查询。测试系统能够全面分析接收机的动态性能和长期稳定性,提升接收机数据分析的效率,更加准确了解接收机整体运行及工作状况。
对本文设计的时间基准源设备进行了性能指标测试,频率准确度为±5×10~(-11),符合各项技术要求,具有一定的实用和推广价值;研究的测试系统已实现了对双模卫星授时接收机的实时测量和监控,对产品化过程中接收机的性能分析和故障定位起到关键作用,有效减轻了测试人员的劳动强度。
As a new timing technology, satellite time service can effectively reduce the error caused by geometric factors and achieve precise timing on a global scale, so it has become the mainstream method in the time synchronization field. The satellite receiver is a connector between satellite and ground users. Its performance will directly affect the reliability of time service system and determines the competitiveness of the satellite system as a key component.
Aim to provide domestic application of satellite time service using Beidou satellite systems, this thesis studies on the performance optimization and testing technique of a satellite time service receiver. The main work includes two parts, the design of time reference source based on rubidium atomic frequency and the testing system of satellite time service receiver.
(1) In order to improve the timing precision and stability of satellite receiver, the atomic frequency standard, which is the most accurate and stability among all the standard equipment, is adopted instead of quartz crystal oscillators,thus helps to reduce the receiver clock error and optimizes the accuracy and performance of the receiver. According to the operating principle, control methods and frequency characteristic of the rubidium atomic frequency standard X72, the thesis designs the data communication, signal output and expansion, frequency adjustment, alarm and other auxiliary hardware modules. The PCB circuit board for the whole time reference source is finished and the equipment calibration and maintenance method are given briefly.
(2) The testing system provides a measure for controling and optimizing the quality of the satellite receiver. According to the specific requirements, a software design scheme for the testing system is proposed. Data communication module, which accomplishes real-time data monitoring and alarm on faults, is realized using C++ Builder software. Combing with a database, the test system can storage and playback information of testing results between the receiver and computer massively. The testing system can carry on comprehensive analysis of the dynamic performance, long-term stability of the receiver,improve the efficiency of the receiver data analysis, as well as record more accurate running status and working conditions of the receiver.
The performance characteristics of the proposed time reference source has been tested, its frequency accuracy is±5×10~(-11). The device satisfies harsh technical requirements and has practical application values. The testing system can be utilized for real-time testing and monitoring of the dual-mode satellite timing receiver. It plays a key role in performance analysis and fault location in the production process, which effectively reduces labor intensity of the testing workers.
引文
[1]谭述森.卫星导航定位工程.第2版.北京:国防工业出版社,2010,117-120
[2] SAUL A. BASRI. Time Standards and Statistics. INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT, VOL.16, NO. 1, MARCH 1967,19-22
[3] P.Ban,P. P. Thorat, A. K. Suri. An Innovative Time service via Telephone Network - A study on its Potentiality. Frequency Control Symposium , 2009 Joint with the 22nd European Frequency and Time forum. IEEE International . 2009:733-737
[4]童宝润.时间统一技术.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,2004,1-5
[5]陈仕进.时间同步方法研究.测控技术,2005(4):51-53
[6]王泉.北斗卫星通信授时系统设计及应用:[西北大学硕士学位论文].西安:西北大学,2009,7-12
[7]郑灵翔.嵌入式系统设计与应用开发.第1版.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006,12-15
[8]林雪原,刘建业.北斗双星定位系统改进及其算法的研究.空间科学学报.20 03(3):12-13
[9]邢薇,单庆晓,肖昌炎,杨锦涛.多通道时频测试系统的设计与研究.计算机测量与控制.2011,19(3):549-550
[10]边少锋,李文魁.卫星导航系统概论.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2005,147-169
[11]辛明,冯清贤.提高时间参数量化精度的方法.电子信息对抗技术,2006(21):22-24
[12]王文瑜.基于北斗卫星的授时系统研制:[北京邮电大学硕士学位论文].北京:北京邮电大学,2008,4-6
[13]文援兰.卫星导航系统分析与仿真技术.第1版.北京:中国宇航出版社,2009,60-67
[14] Daly P. Time transfer using GPS/GLONASS code phase. Precise Time and Frequency - the Beat of a Single Drum, IEE Colloquium. London. 1992. UK: Leeds University, 1992. 1-4
[15]刘基余.GPS卫星导航定位原理与方法.第1版.北京:科学出版社,2003,77-82
[16]杨筱.卫星导航系统数据与信号质量评估技术研究:[国防科学技术大学硕士学位论文].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2009,7-13
[17] Audoin C.and Guinot B.,the measurement of time-time ,frequency and the atomic clock.Cambridge University Press,2001
[18]施浒立,孙希延,李志刚.转发式卫星导航原理.第1版.北京:科学出版社,2009,125-127
[19]郭彬.基于北斗/GPS双模授时的电力系统时间同步技术研究:[湖南大学硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学,2008,5-11
[20] B.W.Parkinson,J.J.Spilker.Global Positioning System:Theory and Applications(VOL.1),Washington,l996,Chapters 3:11-12
[21]潘颖欣.GPS定位导航和授时产品的开发:[南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2002,17-19
[22] S.Mertikas,C.Field,and D.E.Wells.GPS accuracy measures:Tests and proposals.Proceedings of the Fourth International Geodetic Symposium on Satellite Positioning,DMA,NGS,Austin,28 April·2 May 1 986,Applied Research Laboratories,University of Texas at Austin,Austin,Vol.I:663-681
[23]王义遒.原子钟及其进展.物理教学,2003,25(4):2-8
[24] Barnes J.A.,Chi A.R.and et a1.,Characterization of frequency stability.IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.1971,5-9
[25] J.Vanier, C.Manda.The Passive Optically Pumped Rb Frequency Standard:the Laser Approach.Apr.Phys.B,2007.87:565-593
[26]赵声衡,赵英.晶体振荡器.第1版.北京:科学出版社,2008,4-7
[27]王亮,郭鹏翔,周忠石,冯克明.铷原子频率标准研制的进展情况.2003时间频率年会·中国贵阳.2003
[28] Ferre-Pikal E.S.,Vig J.R,Camparo J.C.and et al.,Draft revision of IEEE STD 1139-1988 Standard definitions of physical quantities for fundamental frequency and time metrology-random instabilities.1997,IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium,1997
[29]郭海荣.导航卫星原子钟时频特性分析理论与方法研究:[中国人民解放军信息工程大学博士学位论文].郑州:中国人民解放军信息工程大学,2006,10-12
[30] John & R.Vig.Quartz Crystal Resonators and Oscillators for Frequency Control and Timing Applications-A Tutorial January 2007.US Army Communications-Electronics Research,Development & Engineering Center Fort Monmouth,USA,2007
[31]胡锦伦,李树洲,李大志.国际原子时进展中的原子钟.宇航计测技术.2002,22(5):6-8
[32] x72产品数据手册.产品手册,2008
[33]侯同强,刘峰,沈达正.采用GPS对铷原子频标进行校频.飞行器测控学报,2007,4(26):85-89
[34] P.Somnath Paul.Low-overhead design technique for calibration of maximum frequency at multiple operating points.In:Proc of IEEE International Conference on Computer-aided design.San Jose,2007,401-40
[35]郭海荣.原子钟时域频率稳定度分析中等效自由度的计算与分析.天文学进展.2007,25(4):375-383
[36]彭楚武.微机原理与接口技术.第1版.长沙:湖南大学出版社,2005,108-113
[37]北京迪赛奇正科技有限公司.BSM16A-12SX Series.产品手册,2009
[38] The NMEA 0183 Protocol
[39]陆卫忠,刘文亮.C++ Builder 6程序设计教程.第1版.北京:科学出版社,2005,2-4
[40]清宏计算机工作室.C++ Builder编程技巧:网络与数据库篇.第2版.北京:清华大学出版社,2001.12-16
[41]梁文海,麦文,张健.一种高精度频率测量的研究与实现.四川师范大学学报,2008,3(31):376-378
[42]周渭,偶晓娟,周晖.时频测控技术.第1版.西安:西安电子科技大学出版,2006,5-23
[43]李征航,张小红.卫星导航定位新技术及高精度数据处理方法.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2009,27-35
[44]马煦,瞿稳科,韩玉宏等.卫星导航系统授时精度分析与评估.电讯技术,2007,47(2):112-115
[2] SAUL A. BASRI. Time Standards and Statistics. INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT, VOL.16, NO. 1, MARCH 1967,19-22
[3] P.Ban,P. P. Thorat, A. K. Suri. An Innovative Time service via Telephone Network - A study on its Potentiality. Frequency Control Symposium , 2009 Joint with the 22nd European Frequency and Time forum. IEEE International . 2009:733-737
[4]童宝润.时间统一技术.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,2004,1-5
[5]陈仕进.时间同步方法研究.测控技术,2005(4):51-53
[6]王泉.北斗卫星通信授时系统设计及应用:[西北大学硕士学位论文].西安:西北大学,2009,7-12
[7]郑灵翔.嵌入式系统设计与应用开发.第1版.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2006,12-15
[8]林雪原,刘建业.北斗双星定位系统改进及其算法的研究.空间科学学报.20 03(3):12-13
[9]邢薇,单庆晓,肖昌炎,杨锦涛.多通道时频测试系统的设计与研究.计算机测量与控制.2011,19(3):549-550
[10]边少锋,李文魁.卫星导航系统概论.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2005,147-169
[11]辛明,冯清贤.提高时间参数量化精度的方法.电子信息对抗技术,2006(21):22-24
[12]王文瑜.基于北斗卫星的授时系统研制:[北京邮电大学硕士学位论文].北京:北京邮电大学,2008,4-6
[13]文援兰.卫星导航系统分析与仿真技术.第1版.北京:中国宇航出版社,2009,60-67
[14] Daly P. Time transfer using GPS/GLONASS code phase. Precise Time and Frequency - the Beat of a Single Drum, IEE Colloquium. London. 1992. UK: Leeds University, 1992. 1-4
[15]刘基余.GPS卫星导航定位原理与方法.第1版.北京:科学出版社,2003,77-82
[16]杨筱.卫星导航系统数据与信号质量评估技术研究:[国防科学技术大学硕士学位论文].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2009,7-13
[17] Audoin C.and Guinot B.,the measurement of time-time ,frequency and the atomic clock.Cambridge University Press,2001
[18]施浒立,孙希延,李志刚.转发式卫星导航原理.第1版.北京:科学出版社,2009,125-127
[19]郭彬.基于北斗/GPS双模授时的电力系统时间同步技术研究:[湖南大学硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学,2008,5-11
[20] B.W.Parkinson,J.J.Spilker.Global Positioning System:Theory and Applications(VOL.1),Washington,l996,Chapters 3:11-12
[21]潘颖欣.GPS定位导航和授时产品的开发:[南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2002,17-19
[22] S.Mertikas,C.Field,and D.E.Wells.GPS accuracy measures:Tests and proposals.Proceedings of the Fourth International Geodetic Symposium on Satellite Positioning,DMA,NGS,Austin,28 April·2 May 1 986,Applied Research Laboratories,University of Texas at Austin,Austin,Vol.I:663-681
[23]王义遒.原子钟及其进展.物理教学,2003,25(4):2-8
[24] Barnes J.A.,Chi A.R.and et a1.,Characterization of frequency stability.IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.1971,5-9
[25] J.Vanier, C.Manda.The Passive Optically Pumped Rb Frequency Standard:the Laser Approach.Apr.Phys.B,2007.87:565-593
[26]赵声衡,赵英.晶体振荡器.第1版.北京:科学出版社,2008,4-7
[27]王亮,郭鹏翔,周忠石,冯克明.铷原子频率标准研制的进展情况.2003时间频率年会·中国贵阳.2003
[28] Ferre-Pikal E.S.,Vig J.R,Camparo J.C.and et al.,Draft revision of IEEE STD 1139-1988 Standard definitions of physical quantities for fundamental frequency and time metrology-random instabilities.1997,IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium,1997
[29]郭海荣.导航卫星原子钟时频特性分析理论与方法研究:[中国人民解放军信息工程大学博士学位论文].郑州:中国人民解放军信息工程大学,2006,10-12
[30] John & R.Vig.Quartz Crystal Resonators and Oscillators for Frequency Control and Timing Applications-A Tutorial January 2007.US Army Communications-Electronics Research,Development & Engineering Center Fort Monmouth,USA,2007
[31]胡锦伦,李树洲,李大志.国际原子时进展中的原子钟.宇航计测技术.2002,22(5):6-8
[32] x72产品数据手册.产品手册,2008
[33]侯同强,刘峰,沈达正.采用GPS对铷原子频标进行校频.飞行器测控学报,2007,4(26):85-89
[34] P.Somnath Paul.Low-overhead design technique for calibration of maximum frequency at multiple operating points.In:Proc of IEEE International Conference on Computer-aided design.San Jose,2007,401-40
[35]郭海荣.原子钟时域频率稳定度分析中等效自由度的计算与分析.天文学进展.2007,25(4):375-383
[36]彭楚武.微机原理与接口技术.第1版.长沙:湖南大学出版社,2005,108-113
[37]北京迪赛奇正科技有限公司.BSM16A-12SX Series.产品手册,2009
[38] The NMEA 0183 Protocol
[39]陆卫忠,刘文亮.C++ Builder 6程序设计教程.第1版.北京:科学出版社,2005,2-4
[40]清宏计算机工作室.C++ Builder编程技巧:网络与数据库篇.第2版.北京:清华大学出版社,2001.12-16
[41]梁文海,麦文,张健.一种高精度频率测量的研究与实现.四川师范大学学报,2008,3(31):376-378
[42]周渭,偶晓娟,周晖.时频测控技术.第1版.西安:西安电子科技大学出版,2006,5-23
[43]李征航,张小红.卫星导航定位新技术及高精度数据处理方法.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2009,27-35
[44]马煦,瞿稳科,韩玉宏等.卫星导航系统授时精度分析与评估.电讯技术,2007,47(2):112-115