液相合成低维纳米结构材料
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摘要
纳米材料因其特殊的功能和效应,在科学发展和应用上有重要的意义,它为新材料的发展开辟了一个崭新的研究领域。纳米粒子的调控合成是纳米科技发展的重要组成部分,是探索纳米结构性能及其应用的基础。大量文献调研表明低维纳米材料的形貌、尺寸和结构直接影响着它们的性能。因此,探索新型的制备纳米材料并调控其形貌与尺寸的方法,能够揭示纳米材料的微观结构、尺寸大小和形貌生长的规律,对指导进一步的实验和进行应用开发研究具有重要的意义。本论文采用水热法和溶剂热的方法成功地合成了多种纳米材料,并实现了合成过程中对产物形貌与尺寸的调控。
1.)采用水热表面活性剂辅助的方法,我们成功地合成了海胆状的镍分级超结构和多种形貌的羟基氧铝纳米晶,并且详细地探讨了反应物的浓度,反应时间,表面活性剂的浓度和温度等反应参数对产物形貌与尺寸的影响,研究了海胆状的单质镍的磁学性质。探索了不同的表面活性剂对羟基氧铝形貌的影响。该方法实验装置简单、操作容易,无需高能耗和易损的复杂设备。
2.)运用简单的配位体辅助自组装合成方法制备了四氧化三钴和氢氧化钴纳米结构,通过调控水合肼的量从而制得不同的产物,并且在PVP的辅助下合成了四氧化三钴的球状纳米晶和花形的氢氧化钴纳米晶。该方法简单,易于操作,重现性好,并且产物分散性好,尺寸均一。
3.)利用溶剂热的方法成功的合成了单质铜和氧化亚铜。探讨了反应参数对产物形貌与尺寸的影响。该方法实验装置简单、操作容易,无需高能耗和易损的复杂设备;且粒子分散均匀;原料用量少,可回收利用;易于实现连续化生产运作,为工业化生产提供可能。
Controlled synthesis of nanoparticles is one of the most important sections of nanoscience and nanotechnology, and it is also the base to investigate the distinctive properties and applications of nanostructures. The unique properties of nanomaterials have significant meaning not only in the development of science, but also in the application fields. It has provided an amplitude research field for new materials. It has been proved that the shape, size, and structure of low-dimensional nanomaterials affect their properties directly. So, the purpose of this article is, on the one hand, to explore novel methods to synthesize nanomaterials with controllable shapes and sizes, and on the other hand, to disclose the rule of nanomaterial microstructure, size change, and shape evolution, in order to make further lab research and applications. We synthesized different kinds of nanomaterials using hydrothermal/solvethermal methods and explored a new low temperature synthesis technique to realize the shape and size control during the synthesis process.
1) sea urchin-shaped nickel structures and AlOOH nanostructures with different morphologies have been successfully synthesized via a simple surfactant-assisted hydrothermal method. The influence of the concentration of reactants, the reaction time, the concentration of the surfactant, and the reaction temperature on the morphology of the resulting products and the properties of nickel nanostructures were discussed in detail. By using different surfactants, we obtained diverse morphologies of AlOOH. This method has several features: simple experiment setting, easy operation, and low energy assumption.
2) Using simple ligand-assisted method, Co3O4 nanospheres and flower-likeβ-Co(OH)2 nanostructures have been obtained. By changing the concentration of N2H4, we have obtained diverse productions, namely, Co3O4 andβ-Co(OH)2. The morphologies of Co3O4 nanospheres and flower-likeβ-Co(OH)2 nanostructures could be controlled by adjusting concentration of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). This way is simple and has good repeatability.
3) Copper nanoparticles and cuprous oxide cubes have been synthesized by solvethermal method. We have discussed the influence of the reaction parameters on the shapes and sizes of the production. In summary, the virtues of this method are easy to operate, and easy to realize industrialization.
1.)采用水热表面活性剂辅助的方法,我们成功地合成了海胆状的镍分级超结构和多种形貌的羟基氧铝纳米晶,并且详细地探讨了反应物的浓度,反应时间,表面活性剂的浓度和温度等反应参数对产物形貌与尺寸的影响,研究了海胆状的单质镍的磁学性质。探索了不同的表面活性剂对羟基氧铝形貌的影响。该方法实验装置简单、操作容易,无需高能耗和易损的复杂设备。
2.)运用简单的配位体辅助自组装合成方法制备了四氧化三钴和氢氧化钴纳米结构,通过调控水合肼的量从而制得不同的产物,并且在PVP的辅助下合成了四氧化三钴的球状纳米晶和花形的氢氧化钴纳米晶。该方法简单,易于操作,重现性好,并且产物分散性好,尺寸均一。
3.)利用溶剂热的方法成功的合成了单质铜和氧化亚铜。探讨了反应参数对产物形貌与尺寸的影响。该方法实验装置简单、操作容易,无需高能耗和易损的复杂设备;且粒子分散均匀;原料用量少,可回收利用;易于实现连续化生产运作,为工业化生产提供可能。
Controlled synthesis of nanoparticles is one of the most important sections of nanoscience and nanotechnology, and it is also the base to investigate the distinctive properties and applications of nanostructures. The unique properties of nanomaterials have significant meaning not only in the development of science, but also in the application fields. It has provided an amplitude research field for new materials. It has been proved that the shape, size, and structure of low-dimensional nanomaterials affect their properties directly. So, the purpose of this article is, on the one hand, to explore novel methods to synthesize nanomaterials with controllable shapes and sizes, and on the other hand, to disclose the rule of nanomaterial microstructure, size change, and shape evolution, in order to make further lab research and applications. We synthesized different kinds of nanomaterials using hydrothermal/solvethermal methods and explored a new low temperature synthesis technique to realize the shape and size control during the synthesis process.
1) sea urchin-shaped nickel structures and AlOOH nanostructures with different morphologies have been successfully synthesized via a simple surfactant-assisted hydrothermal method. The influence of the concentration of reactants, the reaction time, the concentration of the surfactant, and the reaction temperature on the morphology of the resulting products and the properties of nickel nanostructures were discussed in detail. By using different surfactants, we obtained diverse morphologies of AlOOH. This method has several features: simple experiment setting, easy operation, and low energy assumption.
2) Using simple ligand-assisted method, Co3O4 nanospheres and flower-likeβ-Co(OH)2 nanostructures have been obtained. By changing the concentration of N2H4, we have obtained diverse productions, namely, Co3O4 andβ-Co(OH)2. The morphologies of Co3O4 nanospheres and flower-likeβ-Co(OH)2 nanostructures could be controlled by adjusting concentration of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). This way is simple and has good repeatability.
3) Copper nanoparticles and cuprous oxide cubes have been synthesized by solvethermal method. We have discussed the influence of the reaction parameters on the shapes and sizes of the production. In summary, the virtues of this method are easy to operate, and easy to realize industrialization.
引文
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