高铁酸钾的合成及其处理含酚废水的研究
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摘要
传统水处理剂在水处理过程中易形成二次污染,因此在人们对水质的标准要求越来越高的时代,传统水处理剂已无法满足人们的要求。高铁酸钾这种集氧化、消毒、吸附、絮凝、助凝、杀菌、去污为一体的新型、高效、安全、多功能的水处理剂,可弥补传统水处理剂的不足。本论文主要研究了高铁酸钾的合成及其应用于水处理的效果。
    研究结果表明:(1)传统的次氯酸盐氧化法在稳定合成高纯度高铁酸钾时存在不足。通过加入自制复合稳定剂,改进传统工艺,可稳定合成粗产品纯度90%以上,经处理后纯度为98%以上的高铁酸钾。稳定合成高铁酸钾的优化条件为:Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、过量的高浓度NaClO溶液、复合稳定剂在饱和NaOH溶液中,20℃下反应1.5小时;除盐后,滤液中加饱和KOH溶液,20℃下反应15分钟,即可析出粗产品;经重结晶、有机物洗涤、干燥等后处理工序后得到高纯度高铁酸钾。稳定合成高铁酸钾的步骤为:原料选择、Na2FeO4溶液的合成、除盐、K2FeO4的析出、后处理。自制复合稳定剂在高铁酸钾的稳定合成方面发挥了关键作用。(2)运用产品的颜色外观、物理化学性质、红外光谱法、X射线衍射法等可以对产物进行定性分析,判断产物是否是高铁酸钾。(3)有关高铁酸钾定量分析方法的文献报道较少,给高铁酸钾的研究带来不便。本论文确定高铁酸钾的三种定量分析方法:亚砷酸钠氧化还原滴定法、邻二氮杂菲分光光度法、直接分光光度法,并明确了每种方法的适用PH值范围和应遵守的相应注意事项。(4)高铁酸钾作为一种强氧化剂,对水中的苯酚有良好的去除效果。本论文运用4—氨基安替比林萃取光度法分析了高铁酸钾对水中的苯酚的去除效果以及影响这种去除效果的因素。研究表明高铁酸钾对水中的苯酚的去除效果良好,当K2FeO4与苯酚的摩尔比为15时,高铁酸钾对水中的苯酚的去除率均在97%以上。高铁酸钾的加入量、PH值、连续搅拌、反应温度、反应时间对高铁酸钾的去除效果都有一定影响。其中高铁酸钾的加入量是影响其对苯酚氧化去除率的关键因素,PH值也对高铁酸钾氧化苯酚的去除率有重要影响,最佳PH值范围为9~10时,去除率最高。(5)高铁酸钾氧化苯酚的反应为1.77级反应,表观动力学方程为:V=0.1599F0.529P1.24。
    通过研究可以看出,高纯度的高铁酸钾是可以稳定合成的,其应用于水处理的效果是十分良好。
Traditional water treatment agents cause quadratic contamination in the course of water treatment, therefore they can not satisfy people’s requirement at the age when water quality’s standards are required more and more higher. As a new, efficient, non-toxic and multipurpose water treatment agent that can exert oxidation, antisepsis, absorption, coagulation, aid-coagulation, sterilization, potassium ferrate(Ⅵ)can make up traditional water treatment agents' shortage. Preparation of potassium ferrate(Ⅵ) and its application in water treatment are studied in this paper.
    The results show that: (1)Traditional hypochlorous salt oxidation is faulty. By adding composite stable agent the author prepared and improving traditional technics, high purity’s potassium ferrate can be prepared stably. Its optimization of preparative conditions: Fe(NO3)3·9H2O, excessive NaClO solution and composite stable agent react with saturate NaOH solution in the condition of 20℃, 1.5h; After salts are got rid of, saturate KOH solution is added in filtrate, potassium ferrate is separated out; Second crystal, organic compound washing and drying increase the purity of potassium ferrate. Its optimization of preparative steps: raw material’s choice, preparing Na2FeO4 solution, getting rid of salts, preparing K2FeO4, treatment. Composite stable agent the author prepared is very important to prepare high purity’s potassium ferrate.(2)The qualitative analysis of potassium ferrate: product’s colors, appearance, physical and chemical characters, IR spectrum, X-radial diffraction. (3)The data about the quantitative analysis of potassium ferrate are few. This paper put forward three ways: Oxidation-reduction titration, ferruginous spectrophotometry, and direct spectrophotometry. Every way is applied in PH fit for itself. Every way should pay attention to some ways.(4)As an oxidation, potassium ferrate can remove phenol in wastewater efficiently. Extractive spectrophotometry is applied to analyze removing phenol’s efficiency and the factor which impact the efficiency. Potassium ferrate can remove phenol efficiently. When n K2FeO4/n phenol =15, the rate of removing phenol is 97%. The factors, which influence removal effect, are the quantity of potassium ferrate, PH, mixing round continuously, reactive temperature, and reactive time. The quantity of potassium ferrate is the most important factor. PH is also
    
    important to remove phenol. The removing efficiency is best at PH=9~10.(5)The reaction that potassium ferrate oxidize phenol is 1.77 grade. The equation is V=0.1599F0.529P1.24.
    In a word, high pure potassium ferrate can be prepared stably and applied in water treatment efficiently.
引文
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