常规稠油厚油层高含水期聚合物—微凝胶调驱规律研究
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摘要
近年来,深部调驱技术作为高含水期改善厚油层水驱开发效果,挖潜层内剩余油的一项重要措施得到了迅速发展,但由于厚油层层内隔夹层发育,以及高含水期储层条件变化剧烈等原因,造成调驱效果差别很大。针对厚油层储层特点和稠油开发特征,开展常规稠油厚油层聚合物-微凝胶调驱规律的研究具有重要的现实意义和应用价值。本论文针对高含水期常规稠油厚油层调驱的特点,以及厚油层层内隔夹层分布模式,从高含水期常规稠油厚油层开采特征室内物理模拟实验入手,开展了常规稠油厚油层聚合物-微凝胶调驱机理研究和层内隔夹层分布模式对剩余油分布影响的规律研究。以此为基础,改进和完善了聚合物-微凝胶驱油数学模型,编制了具有较强针对性的数值模拟软件,进行了常规稠油厚油层聚合物-微凝胶调驱规律和机理研究,为高含水期常规稠油厚油层层内挖潜提供了技术支持。论文主要包括以下内容:
(1)常规稠油厚油层聚合物-微凝胶室内驱油物理模拟实验
利用相似原理,考虑储层、流体以及生产动态特征,设计了厚油层水驱油、聚合物段塞驱、微凝胶段塞驱实验所需要的物理模型和实验工作制度,通过一维长岩心驱替实验获取聚合物-微凝胶驱的特征参数,重点研究了三维均质和非均质条件下剖面模型和层状模型中聚合物-微凝胶在不同隔夹层分布模式下的剩余油分布规律和驱替机理,定量研究了内部驱油过程。结果表明,隔夹层分布模式对驱油效果有明显的影响。
(2)聚合物-微凝胶驱油数学模型的建立和程序实现
在实验研究的基础上,综合考虑聚合物和微凝胶的吸附、增粘、附加转变压力梯度等机理,建立了聚合物-微凝胶渗流数学模型,研究了求解方法,编制数值模拟软件;通过与目前常用商业化软件的对比表明,该软件不仅具备常规模拟功能,而且具有较强的针对性,能够模拟岩心、区块尺寸的驱替过程,较好地再现水驱、聚合物驱和微凝胶驱等驱油过程。
(3)常规稠油厚油层深部调驱规律研究
利用编制的数值模拟软件,对实验结果进行了拟合,定量分析了聚合物和微凝胶驱油机理和作用过程,得到了聚合物、微凝胶在多孔介质中的物性参数;以此为基础,参考油田地质特征和开发特征,建立典型模型,从储层特征、流体粘度、驱替剂注入参数等方面对常规稠油厚油层高含水期聚合物-微凝胶调驱规律进行了定性和定量研究,形成了常规稠油厚油层层内聚合物-微凝胶调驱模式。
(4)现场应用研究
在前面研究成果的基础上,将形成的常规稠油厚油层聚合物-微凝胶调驱规律和调驱模式应用在孤岛油田的剩余油挖潜中,设计了聚合物-微凝胶调驱方案,为现场实施提供了较好的指导。
The in-depth profile control method, an important measure to develop the intraformational remaining oil in thick layers, has boomed in recent years. However, due to the complex rhythmicity and structure, the mature interlayers, and the great change in formation parameters during developement, the effect of profile control becomes worse and worse, which indicates that the adopted measure can not adapt to the exploitation of intraformational remaining oil in thick layers. Therefore, aimed at the characteristics of thick layers and performance of heavy oil development, it is of great value to research the law of profile control and flooding of polymer-weak gel in thick layers for conventional heavy oil reservoir.
Based on the consideration above mentioned, aimed at the defects of the profile control and flooding in thick layers for conventional heavy oil reservoir, and the distribution mode of interlays in thick layers, physical experiment of production performance in thick layers at high water cut stage is firstly carried out. with the consideration of the mechanism of polymer-weak gel flooding and the distribution mode of interlayers and the remaining oil, the reservoir numerical simulator is improved and programmed. Then the mechanism of polymer-weak gel profile control in thick layers at high water cut stage is studied. And finally, a set of methods is presented to tap the remaining oil in thick layers at high water cut stage. There are mainly four parts included in the paper:
(1) Experiments of polymer-weak gel flooding in conventional heavy oil reservoir.
Based on the similarity theorem, with the consideration of formation, fluids and performance, the physical model and working conditions for water, polymer and weak gel flooding in thick layer are designed, and then the experiments are carried out. Firstly, with the one dimensional long core experiment, characteristic parameters and flooding mechanism of polymer-weak gel are obtained. Then, the distribution of remaining oil in section model and stratified model under the three dimensional homogeneity and heterogeneity conditions are quantitatively studied and flooding mechanism is also studied. It is indicated that the interlayers have a tremendous impact on the effect of profile control and flooding.
(2) Mathematical model and programming for the three dimensional three phases and six components polymer-weak gel flooding.
Based on the experiments, with the consideration of some mechanisms such as adsorption, viscosifying, most importantly, the threshold pressure gradient, etc. of polymer and weak gel, the three-dimension, three-phase, six-component mathematical model and difference model are built. And then the numerical simulator is programmed and compared with the softwares ECLIPSE, GRAND to verify the correctness and rationality of it. It is found that the calculated results of the software can match those of the softwares above mentioned to some extent. Besides, the software can simulate the flooding process on models at core size and block size level, and can reappear the flooding process of water, polymer and weak gel flooding.
(3) Law of in-depth profile control and flooding in thick layers of conventional heavy oil reservoir.
With the numerical simulation software, the experiment results are firstly matched, and then a typical model is built. Based on these, the law of profile control and flooding of polymer-weak gel in thick layers is studied from the aspects of formation characteristics, fluid properties and agents, and then the mechanism and magnitude of some influencing factors such as location and seal of interlayers, rhythmicity, heterogeneity, viscosity, and plug parameters of polymer and weak gel are quanlitatively and quantitatively studied. Finally, the reference standard for the reservoir engineering design of profile control and flooding in thick layers is achieved.
(4) Field application.
Based on the researches above mentioned, the profile control and flooding is applied in the exploitation of remaining oil in Gudao oilfield, a conventional heavy oil reservoir with oil viscosity 70 mPa·s. the scheme of profile control and flooding are firstly designed and satisfactory results are obtained .
(1)常规稠油厚油层聚合物-微凝胶室内驱油物理模拟实验
利用相似原理,考虑储层、流体以及生产动态特征,设计了厚油层水驱油、聚合物段塞驱、微凝胶段塞驱实验所需要的物理模型和实验工作制度,通过一维长岩心驱替实验获取聚合物-微凝胶驱的特征参数,重点研究了三维均质和非均质条件下剖面模型和层状模型中聚合物-微凝胶在不同隔夹层分布模式下的剩余油分布规律和驱替机理,定量研究了内部驱油过程。结果表明,隔夹层分布模式对驱油效果有明显的影响。
(2)聚合物-微凝胶驱油数学模型的建立和程序实现
在实验研究的基础上,综合考虑聚合物和微凝胶的吸附、增粘、附加转变压力梯度等机理,建立了聚合物-微凝胶渗流数学模型,研究了求解方法,编制数值模拟软件;通过与目前常用商业化软件的对比表明,该软件不仅具备常规模拟功能,而且具有较强的针对性,能够模拟岩心、区块尺寸的驱替过程,较好地再现水驱、聚合物驱和微凝胶驱等驱油过程。
(3)常规稠油厚油层深部调驱规律研究
利用编制的数值模拟软件,对实验结果进行了拟合,定量分析了聚合物和微凝胶驱油机理和作用过程,得到了聚合物、微凝胶在多孔介质中的物性参数;以此为基础,参考油田地质特征和开发特征,建立典型模型,从储层特征、流体粘度、驱替剂注入参数等方面对常规稠油厚油层高含水期聚合物-微凝胶调驱规律进行了定性和定量研究,形成了常规稠油厚油层层内聚合物-微凝胶调驱模式。
(4)现场应用研究
在前面研究成果的基础上,将形成的常规稠油厚油层聚合物-微凝胶调驱规律和调驱模式应用在孤岛油田的剩余油挖潜中,设计了聚合物-微凝胶调驱方案,为现场实施提供了较好的指导。
The in-depth profile control method, an important measure to develop the intraformational remaining oil in thick layers, has boomed in recent years. However, due to the complex rhythmicity and structure, the mature interlayers, and the great change in formation parameters during developement, the effect of profile control becomes worse and worse, which indicates that the adopted measure can not adapt to the exploitation of intraformational remaining oil in thick layers. Therefore, aimed at the characteristics of thick layers and performance of heavy oil development, it is of great value to research the law of profile control and flooding of polymer-weak gel in thick layers for conventional heavy oil reservoir.
Based on the consideration above mentioned, aimed at the defects of the profile control and flooding in thick layers for conventional heavy oil reservoir, and the distribution mode of interlays in thick layers, physical experiment of production performance in thick layers at high water cut stage is firstly carried out. with the consideration of the mechanism of polymer-weak gel flooding and the distribution mode of interlayers and the remaining oil, the reservoir numerical simulator is improved and programmed. Then the mechanism of polymer-weak gel profile control in thick layers at high water cut stage is studied. And finally, a set of methods is presented to tap the remaining oil in thick layers at high water cut stage. There are mainly four parts included in the paper:
(1) Experiments of polymer-weak gel flooding in conventional heavy oil reservoir.
Based on the similarity theorem, with the consideration of formation, fluids and performance, the physical model and working conditions for water, polymer and weak gel flooding in thick layer are designed, and then the experiments are carried out. Firstly, with the one dimensional long core experiment, characteristic parameters and flooding mechanism of polymer-weak gel are obtained. Then, the distribution of remaining oil in section model and stratified model under the three dimensional homogeneity and heterogeneity conditions are quantitatively studied and flooding mechanism is also studied. It is indicated that the interlayers have a tremendous impact on the effect of profile control and flooding.
(2) Mathematical model and programming for the three dimensional three phases and six components polymer-weak gel flooding.
Based on the experiments, with the consideration of some mechanisms such as adsorption, viscosifying, most importantly, the threshold pressure gradient, etc. of polymer and weak gel, the three-dimension, three-phase, six-component mathematical model and difference model are built. And then the numerical simulator is programmed and compared with the softwares ECLIPSE, GRAND to verify the correctness and rationality of it. It is found that the calculated results of the software can match those of the softwares above mentioned to some extent. Besides, the software can simulate the flooding process on models at core size and block size level, and can reappear the flooding process of water, polymer and weak gel flooding.
(3) Law of in-depth profile control and flooding in thick layers of conventional heavy oil reservoir.
With the numerical simulation software, the experiment results are firstly matched, and then a typical model is built. Based on these, the law of profile control and flooding of polymer-weak gel in thick layers is studied from the aspects of formation characteristics, fluid properties and agents, and then the mechanism and magnitude of some influencing factors such as location and seal of interlayers, rhythmicity, heterogeneity, viscosity, and plug parameters of polymer and weak gel are quanlitatively and quantitatively studied. Finally, the reference standard for the reservoir engineering design of profile control and flooding in thick layers is achieved.
(4) Field application.
Based on the researches above mentioned, the profile control and flooding is applied in the exploitation of remaining oil in Gudao oilfield, a conventional heavy oil reservoir with oil viscosity 70 mPa·s. the scheme of profile control and flooding are firstly designed and satisfactory results are obtained .
引文
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