基于无线传感器网络的应用系统前置的设计与实现
摘要
伴随着微电子技术、嵌入式计算技术、现代网络及无线通信技术、分布式信息处理技术等先进技术的飞速发展,无线传感器网络的应用越来越广泛。一个无线传感器网络由网络用户、传输介质、Sink节点、传感网络四部分组成。网络用户包括平台、前置系统、企业应用等。目前多数的基于无线传感器网络的应用系统中并未考虑到前置系统地设计,使得应用系统负载不平衡,处理效率低,并且当前传感器网络的应用专一性很强,不能得到有效的复用。
本文主要针对这一现状研究出具有高灵活性和相对独立的前置系统。前置系统可以对传感器网络的节点的运行情况进行有效的监视,并且对节点上传得数据进行正确的解析,并对节点下达有意义的命令。
Theso-calledWirelessSensorNetworkisadistributednetworkformedbya large number of small sensor nodes (MOTE), which has the ability ofsensing , communicating, and computing, in the target area. Each MOTEconsists of four components: transducer (sensor and AD/DA converter),processor (embedded system—include CPU, storage, embedded OS, andembedded application program), transceiver (radio communication module),and power unit ( battery ,solar battery or other ). Moreover, there are alsosome available optional function units, such as identification module (RFID),positioningmodule(GPS),andpowergenerationunit.
The entire network is mainlyconstructed bythe following parts: Networkuser (task management node), which takes in charge of gaining informationfromthenetwork,andmakingvariousresponsestothenetwork;Transmissionmedium (Internet or communications satellite), the bridge and the linkbetween the user and the sensing network; Sink node (receives transmitter),which could transmit the information from the sensor network energy limitednode retransmit to the transmission medium based on its ample energy;Sensing network, which is the core of sensor network. In the sensation area,through the net constructed automatically by massive nodes, the node couldmonitor, sense the information transits to the Sink node, or receive operationcommands from the Sink node, change its active status. Network userincludestheplatform,front,applicationsystemandsoon.
Currently, the majority of wireless sensor networks based on theapplication system did not take into account the design of front-end system.Like this, the problems of imbalance and low efficiency appear in someapplication systems. Moreover, WSN application systems are highly specificand can not be effectively reuse. In order to solve these problems, in thispaper, we design a front system which is independent of the application, andsupportsawiderangeofapplications.
This system mainly has following functions:
1st,statusmonitor
The status monitor mainly has three aspects: Real-time data monitoring, node data monitoring and system message monitoring. The real-time datamonitoring requires to monitor data transmission situation, demonstrate thecurrent processing data quantities, the connection condition, and the processtime (also may examine applies classified and some application dataprocessing situation completely) by the graphic mode. The node datamonitoring uses graphic mode to monitor the data transmission situation ofsome single selected nodes, requires the ability of demonstrating the currentuploading data quantities and the data processing result for that node. Thesystem message monitoring demonstrates the complete or assigned nodes, theapplication system message by tabulating the results, requests to able todemonstrate the serial number, the message type, the content, the processingresult,aswellasthetime.
2nd, ConfigurationManagement
Theconfigurationmanagement mainlyfocuses on theconfigurationofthefront server and the platform server. It could describe front server’s IP, PORT,the description, application ID (may have many same configurations, forconfiguring many applications).In addition, through the configurationmanagement, it also can configure IP, PORT or description for the platformdataandtheorderserver,
3rd, OrderManagement
It can add, delete or modify an order frame. Moreover, it also could makea custom-made legitimate order frame which sends operation orders to thenode.
4th,DataStatisticsInquiry
It can demonstrate the application data and the order data content, theapplication procedure type, the starts time, the end time, data quantity, nodelabel, processing result, SN, order label, receive node, transmission time, andreplytimebygraphsortabulations.
In order to realize above functions, the system has been designed byfollowing6modules:
CommanderModule:Itisresponsibleforissuingorderstothelowerlevel,and judges whether succeeds, also save the order to the database after itssuccessful application. The core processing of commander module mainly focuses on transiting orders and constructing order data frames. Once it sendsthe order to the platform, the analysis whether the order was enforced isrequired. If the order was enforced, it needs to save the information into thedatabase, or it needs to make a hint message. The structure of an order frameis mainly consists of frame and order information. By adding order frame toinform the platform that the kind of application which sends the order, theorder information mainly shows sending whatever orders to whichever node.
Configuration Manager Module: It manages the platform and the databaseconfiguration. After the launching of this module, the system will search theconfiguration files catalogue first, if the catalogue exists, then loadconfiguration files catalogue, if not, it will create the table of contentsconfiguration files. In the process of creating table of contents configurationfiles, it needs to produce two parts of information, the database configurationmanagement and the platform configuration management. The databaseconfiguration mainly configures the databases where the received data hasbeen stored. This database information contains the name of the databaseserver, the database IP address, as well as access account and password. Theplatform configuration is responsible for disposing the basic information inorder to help communicate between the front system and the platform. Theplatform configuration information mainly includes the port number, theplatform IP address and the description of platform.
Receiver Module: it is responsible for receiving the distributed data fromthe platform, stores the data into the original database, or resends to ConverterModule. System opens interception service, if intercepts that platform needsto transmit data, it will receive the data and response to platform, then storesthe data in the original database, after this, it will analyze the data frame, ifanalyze successfully, then transform the data frame, which is the main workof the converter module; otherwise, it will continue to monitor, this data framemay delay the transformation.
Register Module: it registers this application to the platform, which meansinforming the platform to transmit the data to IPUS Front. After this modulestarts, it will structure registration order first, and send the structuredregistration order to the platform. In this time, it will start to intercept whether there is a reply of the platform, if there is, analyze the information replied bythe platform, if registers successfully, this module will end, if not, structureregistration order transmission for platform once more. This module isresponsible for the role of noticing the information of the front system to thepre-notification platform, and hence makes it be able to know where thereceived data will be send.
Converter Module: it converts the data which the receiver module accepts,analyzes the data, and stored in the database. The data frame form defines inadvance; analyze the data according to the original form, and finally analyzeout all the information of the data.
Status Monitor Module: it controls the current of the current data. Throughthe tabulation and the view form, this module works on monitoring the status.It mainly monitors three catalogues: real-time data, node data, systemmessage, and also realizes the historic record inquiry and the statistics of thesethree kinds.
Based on the information we stated above, it’s clear that the front systemhas the extremely high flexibility and the independence; it could balance thedata load of the entire system, accelerate the processing of the data. As thewireless sensor network application is developing rapidly, the front systemserviceability and the security would gain more attentions, the problem ofhow to design more general and the high secured front system will become ahot issue for applied research. It will have a broad prospect!
本文主要针对这一现状研究出具有高灵活性和相对独立的前置系统。前置系统可以对传感器网络的节点的运行情况进行有效的监视,并且对节点上传得数据进行正确的解析,并对节点下达有意义的命令。
Theso-calledWirelessSensorNetworkisadistributednetworkformedbya large number of small sensor nodes (MOTE), which has the ability ofsensing , communicating, and computing, in the target area. Each MOTEconsists of four components: transducer (sensor and AD/DA converter),processor (embedded system—include CPU, storage, embedded OS, andembedded application program), transceiver (radio communication module),and power unit ( battery ,solar battery or other ). Moreover, there are alsosome available optional function units, such as identification module (RFID),positioningmodule(GPS),andpowergenerationunit.
The entire network is mainlyconstructed bythe following parts: Networkuser (task management node), which takes in charge of gaining informationfromthenetwork,andmakingvariousresponsestothenetwork;Transmissionmedium (Internet or communications satellite), the bridge and the linkbetween the user and the sensing network; Sink node (receives transmitter),which could transmit the information from the sensor network energy limitednode retransmit to the transmission medium based on its ample energy;Sensing network, which is the core of sensor network. In the sensation area,through the net constructed automatically by massive nodes, the node couldmonitor, sense the information transits to the Sink node, or receive operationcommands from the Sink node, change its active status. Network userincludestheplatform,front,applicationsystemandsoon.
Currently, the majority of wireless sensor networks based on theapplication system did not take into account the design of front-end system.Like this, the problems of imbalance and low efficiency appear in someapplication systems. Moreover, WSN application systems are highly specificand can not be effectively reuse. In order to solve these problems, in thispaper, we design a front system which is independent of the application, andsupportsawiderangeofapplications.
This system mainly has following functions:
1st,statusmonitor
The status monitor mainly has three aspects: Real-time data monitoring, node data monitoring and system message monitoring. The real-time datamonitoring requires to monitor data transmission situation, demonstrate thecurrent processing data quantities, the connection condition, and the processtime (also may examine applies classified and some application dataprocessing situation completely) by the graphic mode. The node datamonitoring uses graphic mode to monitor the data transmission situation ofsome single selected nodes, requires the ability of demonstrating the currentuploading data quantities and the data processing result for that node. Thesystem message monitoring demonstrates the complete or assigned nodes, theapplication system message by tabulating the results, requests to able todemonstrate the serial number, the message type, the content, the processingresult,aswellasthetime.
2nd, ConfigurationManagement
Theconfigurationmanagement mainlyfocuses on theconfigurationofthefront server and the platform server. It could describe front server’s IP, PORT,the description, application ID (may have many same configurations, forconfiguring many applications).In addition, through the configurationmanagement, it also can configure IP, PORT or description for the platformdataandtheorderserver,
3rd, OrderManagement
It can add, delete or modify an order frame. Moreover, it also could makea custom-made legitimate order frame which sends operation orders to thenode.
4th,DataStatisticsInquiry
It can demonstrate the application data and the order data content, theapplication procedure type, the starts time, the end time, data quantity, nodelabel, processing result, SN, order label, receive node, transmission time, andreplytimebygraphsortabulations.
In order to realize above functions, the system has been designed byfollowing6modules:
CommanderModule:Itisresponsibleforissuingorderstothelowerlevel,and judges whether succeeds, also save the order to the database after itssuccessful application. The core processing of commander module mainly focuses on transiting orders and constructing order data frames. Once it sendsthe order to the platform, the analysis whether the order was enforced isrequired. If the order was enforced, it needs to save the information into thedatabase, or it needs to make a hint message. The structure of an order frameis mainly consists of frame and order information. By adding order frame toinform the platform that the kind of application which sends the order, theorder information mainly shows sending whatever orders to whichever node.
Configuration Manager Module: It manages the platform and the databaseconfiguration. After the launching of this module, the system will search theconfiguration files catalogue first, if the catalogue exists, then loadconfiguration files catalogue, if not, it will create the table of contentsconfiguration files. In the process of creating table of contents configurationfiles, it needs to produce two parts of information, the database configurationmanagement and the platform configuration management. The databaseconfiguration mainly configures the databases where the received data hasbeen stored. This database information contains the name of the databaseserver, the database IP address, as well as access account and password. Theplatform configuration is responsible for disposing the basic information inorder to help communicate between the front system and the platform. Theplatform configuration information mainly includes the port number, theplatform IP address and the description of platform.
Receiver Module: it is responsible for receiving the distributed data fromthe platform, stores the data into the original database, or resends to ConverterModule. System opens interception service, if intercepts that platform needsto transmit data, it will receive the data and response to platform, then storesthe data in the original database, after this, it will analyze the data frame, ifanalyze successfully, then transform the data frame, which is the main workof the converter module; otherwise, it will continue to monitor, this data framemay delay the transformation.
Register Module: it registers this application to the platform, which meansinforming the platform to transmit the data to IPUS Front. After this modulestarts, it will structure registration order first, and send the structuredregistration order to the platform. In this time, it will start to intercept whether there is a reply of the platform, if there is, analyze the information replied bythe platform, if registers successfully, this module will end, if not, structureregistration order transmission for platform once more. This module isresponsible for the role of noticing the information of the front system to thepre-notification platform, and hence makes it be able to know where thereceived data will be send.
Converter Module: it converts the data which the receiver module accepts,analyzes the data, and stored in the database. The data frame form defines inadvance; analyze the data according to the original form, and finally analyzeout all the information of the data.
Status Monitor Module: it controls the current of the current data. Throughthe tabulation and the view form, this module works on monitoring the status.It mainly monitors three catalogues: real-time data, node data, systemmessage, and also realizes the historic record inquiry and the statistics of thesethree kinds.
Based on the information we stated above, it’s clear that the front systemhas the extremely high flexibility and the independence; it could balance thedata load of the entire system, accelerate the processing of the data. As thewireless sensor network application is developing rapidly, the front systemserviceability and the security would gain more attentions, the problem ofhow to design more general and the high secured front system will become ahot issue for applied research. It will have a broad prospect!
引文
[1] 王殊,无线传感器网络的理论及应用,北京航空航天大学出版社,2007年 07 月,15-50.
[2] Callaway,E.H.,无线传感器网络:体系结构与协议,电子工业出版社,2007 年 01 月,60-80.
[3] 丁毓山,电子式电能表与抄表系统,水利水电出版社,2005年05月,160-175.
[4] 邵杰,刘萍,单片机与调制解调器接R通信,雷达与对抗,第1期,1998.1,64-67.
[5] 相万让,计算机网络应用基础 ,人民邮电出版社,2002 年 07 月,170-190.
[6] Tovar,Vasques, Guaranteeingreal-timemessage deadlines inPROFIBUSnetworks,Real-TimeSystems,June1998,79-86.
[7] 李向阳,甘永成,BITBUS总线原理及其应用,暨南大学学报(自然科学版),1998 年 02 月 ,104-107.
[8] 全国住宅小区智能化系统示范工程建设要点与技术导则(试行稿),http://house.sina.com.cn.
[9] 住宅远传抄表系统数据专线传输,建设部政策研究中心住宅厨房卫生间技术研究所和中国房地产及住宅设施委员会,2004 年.
[10]王伟,计量表户外计量、智能抄表系统,天津建设科技,2001年04月,16-18.
[11]中华人民共和国建设部,中华人民共和国城镇建设行业标准—电子远传水表,中国标准出版社,2006 年 03 月 26 日,1-13.
[12]中华人民共和国建设部,中华人民共和国城镇建设行业标准—户用计量仪表数据传输技术条件,中国标准出版社,2004 年 02 月 12 日,1-18.
[13]无线微型传感器网络进入市场,http://www.enet.com.cn/article/2004/1111/A20041111361272.shtml.
[14]周贤伟,无线传感器网络与安全,国防工业出版社,2007年06月,66-75.
[15]李善仓,张克旺,无线传感器网络原理与应用,机械工业出版社,2008年 03 月,16-30.
[16]张海藩,软件工程导论,清华大学出版社,2003年11月,80-110
[17]李万宝,ASP.NET 技术详解与应用实例,机械工业出版社,2005 年09月,78-90.
[18]梁爱虎,SOA 思想、技术与系统集成应用详解,电子工业出版社,2007年12月,46-55.
[19]Richter,J,框架设计(第2版):CLRViaC#,清华大学出版社,2006年 11 月,130-141.
[20]普利策,最优化ASP.NET——面向对象开发实践,电子工业出版社,2006年09月,135-146.
[21]朱三元,软件工程技术概论——中创软件丛书,科学出版社,2002年 01 月,51-60.
[22]BUSCHMANN , PATTERN-ORIENTED SOFTWAREARCHITECTURE-ASYSTEMOFPATTERNS,JOHNWILEY,2005年 03 月,241-270.
[23]Lowy,J.,.NET 组件程序设计(第 2 版),电子工业出版社,2007 年06月,360-400.
[24]甄镭,.Net与设计模式,电子工业出版社,2005年6月,76-90.
[25]李玉林,王岩,ASP.Net2.0 网络编程从入门到精通,清华大学出版社,2006年09月,41-53.
[26]陈新,应用框架的设计与实现—.NET 平台,电子工业出版社,2005年 07 月,110-126.
[27]MICHAEL KIRCHER, PRASHANT JAIN,PATTERN-ORIENTEDSOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE , PATTERNS FOR RESOURCEMANAGEMENT,VOLUME 3,机械工业出版社,2004 年 06 月,160-220.
[28]徐锋,陈暄,UML 面向对象建模基础,中国水利水电出版社,2006年 9 月,74-91.
[29]MickeyWilliams,VisualC#.NETCOREREFERENCE,清华大学出版社,2007 年 03 月,202-227.
[30]戈洛斯,.NET2.0模式开发实战,人民邮电出版社,2007年05月,60-85.
[31]周贤伟,覃伯平,徐福华,无线传感器网络与安全,国防工业出版社,2007年06月,296-350.
[2] Callaway,E.H.,无线传感器网络:体系结构与协议,电子工业出版社,2007 年 01 月,60-80.
[3] 丁毓山,电子式电能表与抄表系统,水利水电出版社,2005年05月,160-175.
[4] 邵杰,刘萍,单片机与调制解调器接R通信,雷达与对抗,第1期,1998.1,64-67.
[5] 相万让,计算机网络应用基础 ,人民邮电出版社,2002 年 07 月,170-190.
[6] Tovar,Vasques, Guaranteeingreal-timemessage deadlines inPROFIBUSnetworks,Real-TimeSystems,June1998,79-86.
[7] 李向阳,甘永成,BITBUS总线原理及其应用,暨南大学学报(自然科学版),1998 年 02 月 ,104-107.
[8] 全国住宅小区智能化系统示范工程建设要点与技术导则(试行稿),http://house.sina.com.cn.
[9] 住宅远传抄表系统数据专线传输,建设部政策研究中心住宅厨房卫生间技术研究所和中国房地产及住宅设施委员会,2004 年.
[10]王伟,计量表户外计量、智能抄表系统,天津建设科技,2001年04月,16-18.
[11]中华人民共和国建设部,中华人民共和国城镇建设行业标准—电子远传水表,中国标准出版社,2006 年 03 月 26 日,1-13.
[12]中华人民共和国建设部,中华人民共和国城镇建设行业标准—户用计量仪表数据传输技术条件,中国标准出版社,2004 年 02 月 12 日,1-18.
[13]无线微型传感器网络进入市场,http://www.enet.com.cn/article/2004/1111/A20041111361272.shtml.
[14]周贤伟,无线传感器网络与安全,国防工业出版社,2007年06月,66-75.
[15]李善仓,张克旺,无线传感器网络原理与应用,机械工业出版社,2008年 03 月,16-30.
[16]张海藩,软件工程导论,清华大学出版社,2003年11月,80-110
[17]李万宝,ASP.NET 技术详解与应用实例,机械工业出版社,2005 年09月,78-90.
[18]梁爱虎,SOA 思想、技术与系统集成应用详解,电子工业出版社,2007年12月,46-55.
[19]Richter,J,框架设计(第2版):CLRViaC#,清华大学出版社,2006年 11 月,130-141.
[20]普利策,最优化ASP.NET——面向对象开发实践,电子工业出版社,2006年09月,135-146.
[21]朱三元,软件工程技术概论——中创软件丛书,科学出版社,2002年 01 月,51-60.
[22]BUSCHMANN , PATTERN-ORIENTED SOFTWAREARCHITECTURE-ASYSTEMOFPATTERNS,JOHNWILEY,2005年 03 月,241-270.
[23]Lowy,J.,.NET 组件程序设计(第 2 版),电子工业出版社,2007 年06月,360-400.
[24]甄镭,.Net与设计模式,电子工业出版社,2005年6月,76-90.
[25]李玉林,王岩,ASP.Net2.0 网络编程从入门到精通,清华大学出版社,2006年09月,41-53.
[26]陈新,应用框架的设计与实现—.NET 平台,电子工业出版社,2005年 07 月,110-126.
[27]MICHAEL KIRCHER, PRASHANT JAIN,PATTERN-ORIENTEDSOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE , PATTERNS FOR RESOURCEMANAGEMENT,VOLUME 3,机械工业出版社,2004 年 06 月,160-220.
[28]徐锋,陈暄,UML 面向对象建模基础,中国水利水电出版社,2006年 9 月,74-91.
[29]MickeyWilliams,VisualC#.NETCOREREFERENCE,清华大学出版社,2007 年 03 月,202-227.
[30]戈洛斯,.NET2.0模式开发实战,人民邮电出版社,2007年05月,60-85.
[31]周贤伟,覃伯平,徐福华,无线传感器网络与安全,国防工业出版社,2007年06月,296-350.