宽带雷达信号检测方法研究
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摘要
宽带雷达具有高的距离分辨率(High Range Resolution),目标被其照射时呈现多散射点模型,其回波是雷达发射信号和目标冲击响应的卷积,它在信号形式上和发射信号差别很大。和传统的低分辨雷达相比,宽带高分辨雷达表现出许多新的特点和优越性,常规低分辨雷达回波的检测方法已经不再适合于高分辨雷达。由于信号带宽的增加,一个目标占据了更多的信号处理单元,如何合理利用目标占据多信号单元的这一特点来提高检测性能是当前雷达信号处理所关心的问题。同时,高分辨情况下目标的运动会造成多周期回波包络的跨单元走动,目标距离走动带来了整个检测性能的下降。当目标的先验参数未知时,如何进行多周期包络补偿是宽带雷达信号检测需要解决的主要问题之一。本文以线性调频(LFM)信号为例,合理地建立了宽带雷达体制下的目标多散射点模型和高分辨回波模型,对宽带雷达回波的多周期包络补偿相参积累方法进行了研究,最后提出了一种基于横向距离单元合成处理的包络补偿相参积累新方法,理论和仿真实验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。该方法较好地克服了运动目标的包络走动的影响,它提高了信噪比、改善了检测性能,具有很大的实际意义。
Wide-band radar has high range resolution, and target takes on multi-scattering model when illuminated by it. Its echo is the convolution of radar transmitting signal and target impulse response,and echo waveform is very different from transmitting signal waveform.Comparing with traditional low range resolution radar, wide-band radar represents much new characteristic and advantage, so methods of traditional LRR radar detection are not suitable for HRR radar. Because of band's increasement, one target may takes up more signal cells, and how to utilize this characteristic to enhance detection performance has become an important problem in radar signal processing field. In HRR conditions, target's migration can cause envelop migration of echo within multicycle accumulation time and bring the drop of entire detection performance. When transcendental parameters are unknown, how to compensate envelop migration is one of primary problems on wide-band radar detection. Based on linear frequency modulation signal, this paper rationally establishes HRR target multi-scattering model and echo model, and studies some phase-coherent accumulation methods for multicycle echo envelop compensation, finally brings forward a new phase-coherent accumulation method for envelop compensation based on transverse range cells' compound processing. Both theory and simulation experiment validate its feasibility and validity. This arithmetic preferably overcomes the influence brought by envelop migration of moving targets, enhances signal noise ratio, improves the detection performance and has better practical meaning.
Wide-band radar has high range resolution, and target takes on multi-scattering model when illuminated by it. Its echo is the convolution of radar transmitting signal and target impulse response,and echo waveform is very different from transmitting signal waveform.Comparing with traditional low range resolution radar, wide-band radar represents much new characteristic and advantage, so methods of traditional LRR radar detection are not suitable for HRR radar. Because of band's increasement, one target may takes up more signal cells, and how to utilize this characteristic to enhance detection performance has become an important problem in radar signal processing field. In HRR conditions, target's migration can cause envelop migration of echo within multicycle accumulation time and bring the drop of entire detection performance. When transcendental parameters are unknown, how to compensate envelop migration is one of primary problems on wide-band radar detection. Based on linear frequency modulation signal, this paper rationally establishes HRR target multi-scattering model and echo model, and studies some phase-coherent accumulation methods for multicycle echo envelop compensation, finally brings forward a new phase-coherent accumulation method for envelop compensation based on transverse range cells' compound processing. Both theory and simulation experiment validate its feasibility and validity. This arithmetic preferably overcomes the influence brought by envelop migration of moving targets, enhances signal noise ratio, improves the detection performance and has better practical meaning.
引文
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[7] 陆林根.高分辨雷达的目标自动检测器[J].电子科学学刊,1997,第19卷,第2期.
[8] 粟毅等.超宽带雷达信号处理技术和实验研究.电子科学学刊,1997,Vol.19,No.6:768～772.
[9] Xiaoping Zhang, et al.. Wavelet Detectors for Wideband Radar Signals. CIE International Radar Conference on Radar, 1996,289～292.
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[12] 黎海涛,徐继麟.基于广义似然比的高分辨率雷达目标检测[J].系统工程与电子技术,2000,第22卷,第11期.
[13] 陆林根.高距离分辨 (HRR) 雷达单个目标回波信号检测[J].系统工程与电子技术,1999,第21卷,第9期.
[14] 孙文峰,何松华,郭桂蓉等.自适应距离单元积累检测法及其应用[J].电子学报,1999,第27卷,第2期.
[15] 杨建宇,李俊生.高分辨雷达目标的随机参量脉冲串检测方法[J].电子学报,2004,第32卷,第6期.
[16] 张军,付强,肖怀铁.脉冲多普勒雷达对运动目标回波信号的检测[J].国防科技大学学报,2001,第23卷,第5期.
[17] Xu Rongqing,Cao Zhidao and Liu Yongtan. Method of precise motion compensation for ISAR. SPIE.,1989,1152:288～295.
[18] B. C. Flores. A Robust method for motion compensation of ISAR imagery. SPIE., 1991, 1607:512～517.
[19] B. C. Flores,A.Martinez, and C. J. Chen. Radial motion compensation based on adaptive profile estimation.SPIE.. 1995, 2562: 9～20.
[20] G. Thomes, S. D. Cabrera, B. C. Flores. Selective motion compensation in ISAR imagery using time-frequency filtering. SPIE., 1996, 2757:14～24.
[21] 朱永锋,李为民,陈远征等.Chirp雷达对高速运动目标有效相参积累的算法研究[J].系统工程与电子技术,2004,第26卷,第10期.
[22] 孙文峰,何松华,郭桂蓉等.强杂波背景中高距离分辨率雷达运动目标的积累检测[J].电子学报,1998,第26卷,第12期.
[23] 王俊,张守宏.微弱目标积累检测的包络移动补偿方法[J].电子学报,2000,第28卷,第12期.
[24] 张直中.雷达信号的选择与处理[M].国防工业出版社,1979.
[25] 石云江,黄巍.宽带与窄带雷达对飞机目标回波特性对比研究[J].现代雷达,2004,第26卷,第7期.
[26] 黎海涛,徐继麟.超宽带雷达回波目标模型[J].系统工程与电子技术,2000,第22卷,第10期.
[27] A. Farina, F. A. Studer, R. Vitiello. High Resolution Radar for Enhanced Target Detection[A]. Radar 92. International Conference[C]. Italy: 12-13 Oct 1992: 163～166.
[28] 谢处方,饶克谨.电磁场与电磁波[M].人民教育出版社,1979.
[29] 刑孟道,保铮.飞机目标的一维距离像特性[J].系统工程与电子技术,2002,第24卷,第8期.
[30] MALEK G. M. HUSSAIN. Principles of High-Resolution Radar Based on Nonsinusoidal Waves: Part Ⅲ. Radar-Target Reflectivity Model[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY. VOL. 32, NO. 2. MAY 1990.
[31] 马晓岩,向家彬,朱裕生等.雷达信号处理[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1998.
[32] D. K. Barton, Radar Evaluation Handbook[M]. Aretch House, 1991: 721～723.
[33] 陆根源,陈孝桢.信号检测与参数估计[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[34] 黄望祥,吴大钊译.雷达信息处理的理论与技术[M].科学教育出版社,1987.
[35] 毛士艺等.脉冲多普勒雷达[M].国防工业出版社,1984.
[36] 侯朝焕,阎世尊,蒋银林.实用 FFT 信号处理技术[M].北京:海洋出版社,1990.
[37] 张明友,吕明.信号检测与估计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[38] 董士嘉译.雷达分辨理论[M].北京:科学出版社,1973.
[39] MALEK G. M. HUSSAIN. Principles of High-Resolution Radar Based on Nonsinusoidal Waves---Part Ⅰ: Signal Representation and Pulse Compression[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY. VOL. 31, NO. 4, NOVEMBER 1989.
[40] 尹以新.雷达系统[M].中国人民解放军空军雷达学院,1998.
[41] 林茂庸,柯有安.雷达信号理论[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1984.
[42] 郑君里,应启珩,杨为理.信号与系统[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[43] 徐成节,黄巍,陈祝明等.宽带LFM信号数字脉压匹配滤波和去斜率方法的比较[J].雷达科学与技术,2004,第2卷,第3期.
[44] 刘永坦.雷达成像技术[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1999.
[45] 黄巍.相关检测在宽带雷达信号处理中的应用[J].现代雷达,2005,第27卷,第2期.
[46] 黄小红,邱兆坤,王伟等.目标高速运动对宽带一维距离像的影响及补偿方法研究[J].信号处理,2002,第18卷,第6期.
[47] 李俊生.高分辨雷达目标检测方法研究[D].硕士学位论文.成都:电子科技大学,2002.
[48] 陆林根.逆合成孔径(ISAR)雷达目标检测方法[J].电子学报,2000,第28卷,第3期.
[49] 丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理[M].西安:西北电讯工程学院出版社,1984.
[50] 孙进才,朱维杰.信号相位匹配原理及其应用[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2005.
[51] 尹泽明,丁春利等.精通MATLAB6[M].清华大学出版社,2002.
[2] 黄巍,贺知明,向敬成.宽带雷达能量积累与信号检测方法研究[J].系统工程与电子技术,2004,第26卷,第7期.
[3] 何松华.高距离分辨率毫米波雷达目标识别的理论与应用[D].博士学位论文.长沙:国防科技大学,1993.
[4] 孙文峰.宽带毫米波雷达精确制导信息处理方法研究[D].博士学位论文.长沙:国防科技大学,1998.
[5] 黄德双.高分辨雷达智能信号处理技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[6] A. Farina, F. A. Studer. Detection with High Resolution Radar: Great Promise, Big Challenge.Microwave Journal, 1991, No.5: 263-273.
[7] 陆林根.高分辨雷达的目标自动检测器[J].电子科学学刊,1997,第19卷,第2期.
[8] 粟毅等.超宽带雷达信号处理技术和实验研究.电子科学学刊,1997,Vol.19,No.6:768～772.
[9] Xiaoping Zhang, et al.. Wavelet Detectors for Wideband Radar Signals. CIE International Radar Conference on Radar, 1996,289～292.
[10] 黄巍,贺知明,石云江等.滑窗检测在宽带雷达信号处理中的应用研究[J].信号处理,2003,第19卷,第5期.
[11] G. T. Ruch. UWB Radar Receiver. SPIE vol. 1631 Ultrawideband Radar, 1992.
[12] 黎海涛,徐继麟.基于广义似然比的高分辨率雷达目标检测[J].系统工程与电子技术,2000,第22卷,第11期.
[13] 陆林根.高距离分辨 (HRR) 雷达单个目标回波信号检测[J].系统工程与电子技术,1999,第21卷,第9期.
[14] 孙文峰,何松华,郭桂蓉等.自适应距离单元积累检测法及其应用[J].电子学报,1999,第27卷,第2期.
[15] 杨建宇,李俊生.高分辨雷达目标的随机参量脉冲串检测方法[J].电子学报,2004,第32卷,第6期.
[16] 张军,付强,肖怀铁.脉冲多普勒雷达对运动目标回波信号的检测[J].国防科技大学学报,2001,第23卷,第5期.
[17] Xu Rongqing,Cao Zhidao and Liu Yongtan. Method of precise motion compensation for ISAR. SPIE.,1989,1152:288～295.
[18] B. C. Flores. A Robust method for motion compensation of ISAR imagery. SPIE., 1991, 1607:512～517.
[19] B. C. Flores,A.Martinez, and C. J. Chen. Radial motion compensation based on adaptive profile estimation.SPIE.. 1995, 2562: 9～20.
[20] G. Thomes, S. D. Cabrera, B. C. Flores. Selective motion compensation in ISAR imagery using time-frequency filtering. SPIE., 1996, 2757:14～24.
[21] 朱永锋,李为民,陈远征等.Chirp雷达对高速运动目标有效相参积累的算法研究[J].系统工程与电子技术,2004,第26卷,第10期.
[22] 孙文峰,何松华,郭桂蓉等.强杂波背景中高距离分辨率雷达运动目标的积累检测[J].电子学报,1998,第26卷,第12期.
[23] 王俊,张守宏.微弱目标积累检测的包络移动补偿方法[J].电子学报,2000,第28卷,第12期.
[24] 张直中.雷达信号的选择与处理[M].国防工业出版社,1979.
[25] 石云江,黄巍.宽带与窄带雷达对飞机目标回波特性对比研究[J].现代雷达,2004,第26卷,第7期.
[26] 黎海涛,徐继麟.超宽带雷达回波目标模型[J].系统工程与电子技术,2000,第22卷,第10期.
[27] A. Farina, F. A. Studer, R. Vitiello. High Resolution Radar for Enhanced Target Detection[A]. Radar 92. International Conference[C]. Italy: 12-13 Oct 1992: 163～166.
[28] 谢处方,饶克谨.电磁场与电磁波[M].人民教育出版社,1979.
[29] 刑孟道,保铮.飞机目标的一维距离像特性[J].系统工程与电子技术,2002,第24卷,第8期.
[30] MALEK G. M. HUSSAIN. Principles of High-Resolution Radar Based on Nonsinusoidal Waves: Part Ⅲ. Radar-Target Reflectivity Model[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY. VOL. 32, NO. 2. MAY 1990.
[31] 马晓岩,向家彬,朱裕生等.雷达信号处理[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,1998.
[32] D. K. Barton, Radar Evaluation Handbook[M]. Aretch House, 1991: 721～723.
[33] 陆根源,陈孝桢.信号检测与参数估计[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[34] 黄望祥,吴大钊译.雷达信息处理的理论与技术[M].科学教育出版社,1987.
[35] 毛士艺等.脉冲多普勒雷达[M].国防工业出版社,1984.
[36] 侯朝焕,阎世尊,蒋银林.实用 FFT 信号处理技术[M].北京:海洋出版社,1990.
[37] 张明友,吕明.信号检测与估计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[38] 董士嘉译.雷达分辨理论[M].北京:科学出版社,1973.
[39] MALEK G. M. HUSSAIN. Principles of High-Resolution Radar Based on Nonsinusoidal Waves---Part Ⅰ: Signal Representation and Pulse Compression[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY. VOL. 31, NO. 4, NOVEMBER 1989.
[40] 尹以新.雷达系统[M].中国人民解放军空军雷达学院,1998.
[41] 林茂庸,柯有安.雷达信号理论[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1984.
[42] 郑君里,应启珩,杨为理.信号与系统[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[43] 徐成节,黄巍,陈祝明等.宽带LFM信号数字脉压匹配滤波和去斜率方法的比较[J].雷达科学与技术,2004,第2卷,第3期.
[44] 刘永坦.雷达成像技术[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1999.
[45] 黄巍.相关检测在宽带雷达信号处理中的应用[J].现代雷达,2005,第27卷,第2期.
[46] 黄小红,邱兆坤,王伟等.目标高速运动对宽带一维距离像的影响及补偿方法研究[J].信号处理,2002,第18卷,第6期.
[47] 李俊生.高分辨雷达目标检测方法研究[D].硕士学位论文.成都:电子科技大学,2002.
[48] 陆林根.逆合成孔径(ISAR)雷达目标检测方法[J].电子学报,2000,第28卷,第3期.
[49] 丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理[M].西安:西北电讯工程学院出版社,1984.
[50] 孙进才,朱维杰.信号相位匹配原理及其应用[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2005.
[51] 尹泽明,丁春利等.精通MATLAB6[M].清华大学出版社,2002.