混合动力客车动力系统参数匹配与仿真研究
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摘要
日益严重的能源和环境问题,使得人们对于节约能源和环保意识显著提高,混合动力汽车作为一种能节约能源和达到环保目的的交通工具,在近20年有了长足的发展。随着相关立法的日趋严格,混合动力汽车已成为本世纪重点发展的新型汽车。客车作为城市公用交通工具,使用混合动力驱动形式同样必要。
本文首先分析了三种混合动力形式的优缺点,介绍了现在混合动力技术的研究现状和发展趋势。再结合城市公交行驶路况,分析了适合城市公交的混合动力形式,并最终确定并联型混合动力客车为研究方向。
按照城市客车的工况要求对混联式混合动力车的动力系统部件进行选型,根据样车的使用要求,对动力系统进行了概念设计,并进一步对各关键部件进行了形式研究,初步确定了部件的参数,提出动力系统匹配方案。
详细介绍ADVISOR2002(Advanced Vehicle Simulator 2002)。在充分研究已有模型的基础上,再以MATLAB为工作平台,确定并建立混合动力汽车的发动机、交流感应电机和蓄电池等系统部件模型,并对原仿真模型进行了二次开发,建立ADVISOR可用的后轮驱动并联混合动力汽车模块。
对混合动力汽车的控制策略进行研究,确定使用电力辅助控制策略。输入混合动力汽车的仿真参数,使其在CYC_1015循环工况下仿真,通过与原车的模拟仿真结果比较可知,整车的动力性能与设计目标基本符合,并联混合动力客车的动力性能、经济性得到改善。
本论文所做的研究将有助于缩短混合动力汽车的设计开发时间,为其驱动系统的设计和控制策略及整车性能评估提供参考。
With the deterioration of energy and environment, people realize that saving energy and protecting environment is very important. HEV is a good vehicle to reach this goal. During the recent 20 years, the technology in this field is developed quickly. As the interrelated law become strict, HEV is becoming an important developing new vehicle. As the urban bus is the most public vehicle, using hybrid is also necessary.
In this article, three different kinds of hybrid drive type are analyzed, the hybrid technology nowadays and developing tendency are introduced. With the real urban bus driving way, the proper way for urban bus is analyzed. Finally, the PHEV is determined to use for the bus design.
The power system of the PHEV is designed with the status of urban driving. Parallel hybrid drive train is selected as the drive system of the prototype according to its use requirement. The structure of the drive system is conceptive designed. The parameters of the key components are computed and optimally matched by the analysis of the system and their special characteri -stics.
Introduced ADVISOR2002(Advanced Vehicle Simulator 2002) in detail, based on Matlab/simulink modeling environment. Construct the models of engine, AC motor and battery of PHEV by making reference to the model presented. Then, develop new simulation models, the rear wheel drive components are modularized and can run in the ADVISOR.
Analyzed several control strategies of Hybrid Electric Vehicle, designed the power train based on the parallel electric assistant control strategy. Simulate the PHEV under the CYC_1015 cycle in advisor with the parameters of the key components. Comparing with the simulation results of conventional vehicle, the power performance showed accord with the design goal, and we can make a conclusion that the PHEV has better vehicular dynamic performance and fuel economy.
The study of this paper would be helpful to reduce the period of design for HEV and supply the reference for drive train design, control strategy and vehicle’s performance evaluation.
本文首先分析了三种混合动力形式的优缺点,介绍了现在混合动力技术的研究现状和发展趋势。再结合城市公交行驶路况,分析了适合城市公交的混合动力形式,并最终确定并联型混合动力客车为研究方向。
按照城市客车的工况要求对混联式混合动力车的动力系统部件进行选型,根据样车的使用要求,对动力系统进行了概念设计,并进一步对各关键部件进行了形式研究,初步确定了部件的参数,提出动力系统匹配方案。
详细介绍ADVISOR2002(Advanced Vehicle Simulator 2002)。在充分研究已有模型的基础上,再以MATLAB为工作平台,确定并建立混合动力汽车的发动机、交流感应电机和蓄电池等系统部件模型,并对原仿真模型进行了二次开发,建立ADVISOR可用的后轮驱动并联混合动力汽车模块。
对混合动力汽车的控制策略进行研究,确定使用电力辅助控制策略。输入混合动力汽车的仿真参数,使其在CYC_1015循环工况下仿真,通过与原车的模拟仿真结果比较可知,整车的动力性能与设计目标基本符合,并联混合动力客车的动力性能、经济性得到改善。
本论文所做的研究将有助于缩短混合动力汽车的设计开发时间,为其驱动系统的设计和控制策略及整车性能评估提供参考。
With the deterioration of energy and environment, people realize that saving energy and protecting environment is very important. HEV is a good vehicle to reach this goal. During the recent 20 years, the technology in this field is developed quickly. As the interrelated law become strict, HEV is becoming an important developing new vehicle. As the urban bus is the most public vehicle, using hybrid is also necessary.
In this article, three different kinds of hybrid drive type are analyzed, the hybrid technology nowadays and developing tendency are introduced. With the real urban bus driving way, the proper way for urban bus is analyzed. Finally, the PHEV is determined to use for the bus design.
The power system of the PHEV is designed with the status of urban driving. Parallel hybrid drive train is selected as the drive system of the prototype according to its use requirement. The structure of the drive system is conceptive designed. The parameters of the key components are computed and optimally matched by the analysis of the system and their special characteri -stics.
Introduced ADVISOR2002(Advanced Vehicle Simulator 2002) in detail, based on Matlab/simulink modeling environment. Construct the models of engine, AC motor and battery of PHEV by making reference to the model presented. Then, develop new simulation models, the rear wheel drive components are modularized and can run in the ADVISOR.
Analyzed several control strategies of Hybrid Electric Vehicle, designed the power train based on the parallel electric assistant control strategy. Simulate the PHEV under the CYC_1015 cycle in advisor with the parameters of the key components. Comparing with the simulation results of conventional vehicle, the power performance showed accord with the design goal, and we can make a conclusion that the PHEV has better vehicular dynamic performance and fuel economy.
The study of this paper would be helpful to reduce the period of design for HEV and supply the reference for drive train design, control strategy and vehicle’s performance evaluation.
引文
1陈清泉,孙逢春,祝嘉光.现代电动汽车技术.北京:北京理工大学出版社, 2002: 1~5
2电气学会(日),电动汽车驱动系统调查专门委员会.电动汽车最新技术.北京:机械工业出版社, 2008. 1~5
3 Mehrdad Ehsani, Yimin Gao, Sebastien Gay, Ali Emadi.现代电动汽车、混合动力电动汽车和燃料电池车—基本原理、理论和设计.北京:机械工业出版社, 2008: 1~5
4李兴虎.电动汽车概论.北京:北京理工大学出版社, 2005: 1~5
5 Jay K. Lindly, Tim A. Haskew. Impact of Electric Vehicles on Electric Power Generation and Global Environmental Change. Advances in Environmental Research, 2002, (6): 291~302
6肖艳.混合动力电动汽车有望成为汽车工业的主导产品.电机技术, 2006,(2): 59~60
7孙志军,赵黎明,吴志新等.我国发展混合动力汽车的技术经济分析.天津大学学报(社会科学版), 2007, (03): 230~232
8杨德亮.混合动力节能汽车研究现状及发展趋势.交通节能与环保, 2007, (02):
22~25
9郭孔辉.汽车技术的变革.交通运输工程学报, 2002,(3): 1~6
10万钢.中国电动汽车的现状和发展.中国环保产业CEPI, 2003, (2): 1~3
11 Paul Kruger. Electric Power Requirement in California for Large-scale Production of Hydrogen fuel. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 25 (2000): 395~405
12 Tomio Onoda, Takashi Maruhashi, Nobuyuki Kamiya. Energy Efficiency of Fleet Used Electric Vehicles. EVS-19, 2002: 65~66
13 Manabu Omae, Naohisa Hashimoto, Seijiro Noda. Development of Multi Purpose Small Electric Vehicle with Flat Floor and Drive-by-wire Configuration. EVS-19, 2002: 57~58
14 B.D. McNicola, D.A.J. Randb, K.R. Williams. Fuel Cells for Road Transportation Purposes - Yes or No?. Journal of Power Sources, 100 (2001): 47~59
15杨祖元.电动汽车能量和传动系统性能仿真研究. [重庆大学硕士论文], 2002, 23~25
16 Sun Fengchun, Wang Zhenpo. Analysis of the Characteristics of Li-on Battey Pack for EV. EVS-19, 2002: 43~44
17张卫青.混合动力汽车发展现状及其关键技术.重庆工学院学报, 2006, 20(5): 19~23
18周鹤良.我国混合动力汽车发展状况和建议.中国电动汽车年会论文, 2005: 77~78
19梅小安,张传伟,白志峰.电动汽车技术进展与发展趋势.西安交通大学学报, 2004,1(38):345~378
20麻友良,陈全世.混合动力电动汽车的发展,公路交通科技. 2001, (11):23~25
21阿布里提·阿布都拉,清水健一,电动汽车的发展现状和开发动向.电工电能技术, 2000, (1):49~53
22王宇宁,姚磊,王艳丽,国外电动汽车的发展战略.汽车工业研究, 2005,(9): 16~17
23王宇宁,姚磊,兰晓婕.电动汽车商业化运行的功能定位.汽车工业研究, 2005,(7): 22~23
24陈清泉. 21世纪的绿色交通工具-电动车.北京:清华大学出版社, 2000: 1~5
25 Heliang ZHOU, Liqing SUN, Feng WEI. Hybrid Electric Vehicle-A Kind of Necessary Green and Economic Transportation Tool for China. EVS21, 2005: 55~57
26杨国良.电动车电机驱动控制技术的研究现状及其发展趋势.实验室研究与探索, 2005, (11): 18~22
27李春卉.电动汽车的发展现状及趋势研究.汽车工业研究, 2005,(5): 24~25
28 Liqing SUN, Peiji SHI, Yue ZHAO. System Modeling and Control Optimization of Parallel Hybrid Electric Transit City Bus. EVS21, 2005: 56~57
29 Hong YUAN, Zhao Xiang YUAN, Opened, the Chinese Hev’s Market door. EVS21, 2005: 46~47
30 C.C.CHAN, Heliang ZHOU,Liqing SUN. Recent Progress of EV in China Along With the Worldwide Trends. EVS21, 2005: 34~35
31 Liqing SUN, Min Li, Peiji SHI,Wen JI. Analysis of Drive Mode and Control Strategyof the Serial-parallel Hybrid Electric Bus. EVS21, 2005: 55~56
32 Miller J M, Emadi A, Rajarathnam A.Vetal. Current Status and Future Trends in More Electric Car power systems. Vehicular Technology Conference,IEEE 49th, 1999,Vol.2: 1380~1384
33 Vezzini A, Reichert K. Power Electronics Layout in a Hybrid Electric or Electric Vehicle Drive System. Power Electronics in Transportation, 1996, Vol.4:57~63
34 M Ehsani, K M Rahman, H A Toliyat. Propulsion System Design of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles. IEEE Trans, 1997, Vol.4, 19~27
35孙立志,赵辉,陆永平.电动汽车的电机驱动系统.电工电能新技术, 1997(4): 14~19
36陈伯时,陈敏逊.交流调速系统.北京:机械工业出版社, 1998: 117~121
37范金鑫.电动汽车异步电动机驱动系统研究. [安徽农业大学硕士论文], 2004: 45~46
38王先进.基于DSP的电动汽车用交流电机直接转矩控制器的研制. [武汉理工大学硕士论文],2005: 37~38
39汪全.电动汽车驱动系统的云控制研究. [武汉理工大学硕士论文], 20~05
40郑琼林.电牵引传动系统研究.北京:北京:北京交通大学出版社, 2002: 112~113
41张思明.电动汽车驱动技术概述.第七届中国小电机技术研讨会,上海, 2002: 77~79
42王步来.电动汽车驱动系统评述.微电机, 2005, 38(2):74~75
43于金风.电动汽车动力性初步研究.洛阳:河南科技大学出版社, 2003: 87~89
44 Patrick T. Moseley. High-rate, Valve-regulated Lead–acid Batteries–Suitable for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Journal of Power Sources, 1999(84):237~242
45 Fritz R Kalhammer. Polymer Electrolytes and the Electric Vehicle. Solid State Ionics, 2000(135):315~323
46 K.N. Han, H.M. Seo, J.K Kim. Development of a Plastic Li-ion battery Cell for EV Applications. Journal of Power Source 101(2001):196~200
47 Jonathan Goldstein,Ian Brown,Binyamin Koretz. New Developments in the Electric Fuel Ltd. Zincrair System. Journal of Power Sources,1999(80):171~179
48 K. Amine, J. Liu, S. Kang. Improved Lithium Manganese Oxide Spinel/graphiteLi-ioncells for High-power Applications. Journal of Power Sources, 129 (2004): 14~19
49程夕明,孙逢春.电动汽车能量存储技术概况.电源技术, 2001,(25): 47~52
50崔淑梅,段甫毅.超级电容电动汽车的研究进展与趋势.汽车研究与开发, 2005(6): 31~36
51 Howell David, et al. An Overview of Current Research Projects on Advanced Energy Storage Technologies for Transportation Systems. EVS-21,Mar:2005: 55~57
52 Robert Hebner,Joseph Beno,Alan Walls. Flywheel Batteries Come Around Again. IEEE Spectrum, 2002: 34~35
53 Antoni Szumanowski.混合电动车辆基础.陈清泉,孙逢春译.北京:北京理工大学出版社, 2001:76~78
54余志生.汽车理论.北京:机械工业出版社, 2003: 35~37
55张翔,钱立军,张炳力等.电动汽车仿真软件进展.系统仿真学报, 2004,(16): 21~23
56金启前.红旗混合动力轿车动力总成匹配及控制系统研究.吉林大学学报, 2003: 14~15
57 Osvaldo Barbarisi,Francesco Vasca,Luigi Glielmo. State of Charge Kalman Filter Estimator for Automotive Batteries. Control Engineering Practice 14 (2006): 267~275
58 ADVISOR Documentation
59舒红,秦大同,胡建军.混合动力汽车控制策略研究现状及发展趋势.重庆大学学报, 2001(11):28~31
60杨宏亮,陈全世.混联式混合动力控制策略研究综述.公路交通科技, 2002(2): 103~107
61诸静,模糊控制原理与应用.北京:机械工业出版社, 1995:113
62李士勇,夏承光.模糊控制和智能控制理论和应用.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社, 1990:55~57
63 Vahid Moteballi,Kartik Venkat Bulusu. Overview of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Safety and the Potential for Hydrogen Ignition by Static Electricity. SAE2000-01-1538, 2000:76~78
64 Bradley Glenn,Gregory Washington,Giorgio Rizzoni. Operation and Control Strategies for Hybrid Electric Automobiles, SAE2000-01-1537, 2000:87~88
2电气学会(日),电动汽车驱动系统调查专门委员会.电动汽车最新技术.北京:机械工业出版社, 2008. 1~5
3 Mehrdad Ehsani, Yimin Gao, Sebastien Gay, Ali Emadi.现代电动汽车、混合动力电动汽车和燃料电池车—基本原理、理论和设计.北京:机械工业出版社, 2008: 1~5
4李兴虎.电动汽车概论.北京:北京理工大学出版社, 2005: 1~5
5 Jay K. Lindly, Tim A. Haskew. Impact of Electric Vehicles on Electric Power Generation and Global Environmental Change. Advances in Environmental Research, 2002, (6): 291~302
6肖艳.混合动力电动汽车有望成为汽车工业的主导产品.电机技术, 2006,(2): 59~60
7孙志军,赵黎明,吴志新等.我国发展混合动力汽车的技术经济分析.天津大学学报(社会科学版), 2007, (03): 230~232
8杨德亮.混合动力节能汽车研究现状及发展趋势.交通节能与环保, 2007, (02):
22~25
9郭孔辉.汽车技术的变革.交通运输工程学报, 2002,(3): 1~6
10万钢.中国电动汽车的现状和发展.中国环保产业CEPI, 2003, (2): 1~3
11 Paul Kruger. Electric Power Requirement in California for Large-scale Production of Hydrogen fuel. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 25 (2000): 395~405
12 Tomio Onoda, Takashi Maruhashi, Nobuyuki Kamiya. Energy Efficiency of Fleet Used Electric Vehicles. EVS-19, 2002: 65~66
13 Manabu Omae, Naohisa Hashimoto, Seijiro Noda. Development of Multi Purpose Small Electric Vehicle with Flat Floor and Drive-by-wire Configuration. EVS-19, 2002: 57~58
14 B.D. McNicola, D.A.J. Randb, K.R. Williams. Fuel Cells for Road Transportation Purposes - Yes or No?. Journal of Power Sources, 100 (2001): 47~59
15杨祖元.电动汽车能量和传动系统性能仿真研究. [重庆大学硕士论文], 2002, 23~25
16 Sun Fengchun, Wang Zhenpo. Analysis of the Characteristics of Li-on Battey Pack for EV. EVS-19, 2002: 43~44
17张卫青.混合动力汽车发展现状及其关键技术.重庆工学院学报, 2006, 20(5): 19~23
18周鹤良.我国混合动力汽车发展状况和建议.中国电动汽车年会论文, 2005: 77~78
19梅小安,张传伟,白志峰.电动汽车技术进展与发展趋势.西安交通大学学报, 2004,1(38):345~378
20麻友良,陈全世.混合动力电动汽车的发展,公路交通科技. 2001, (11):23~25
21阿布里提·阿布都拉,清水健一,电动汽车的发展现状和开发动向.电工电能技术, 2000, (1):49~53
22王宇宁,姚磊,王艳丽,国外电动汽车的发展战略.汽车工业研究, 2005,(9): 16~17
23王宇宁,姚磊,兰晓婕.电动汽车商业化运行的功能定位.汽车工业研究, 2005,(7): 22~23
24陈清泉. 21世纪的绿色交通工具-电动车.北京:清华大学出版社, 2000: 1~5
25 Heliang ZHOU, Liqing SUN, Feng WEI. Hybrid Electric Vehicle-A Kind of Necessary Green and Economic Transportation Tool for China. EVS21, 2005: 55~57
26杨国良.电动车电机驱动控制技术的研究现状及其发展趋势.实验室研究与探索, 2005, (11): 18~22
27李春卉.电动汽车的发展现状及趋势研究.汽车工业研究, 2005,(5): 24~25
28 Liqing SUN, Peiji SHI, Yue ZHAO. System Modeling and Control Optimization of Parallel Hybrid Electric Transit City Bus. EVS21, 2005: 56~57
29 Hong YUAN, Zhao Xiang YUAN, Opened, the Chinese Hev’s Market door. EVS21, 2005: 46~47
30 C.C.CHAN, Heliang ZHOU,Liqing SUN. Recent Progress of EV in China Along With the Worldwide Trends. EVS21, 2005: 34~35
31 Liqing SUN, Min Li, Peiji SHI,Wen JI. Analysis of Drive Mode and Control Strategyof the Serial-parallel Hybrid Electric Bus. EVS21, 2005: 55~56
32 Miller J M, Emadi A, Rajarathnam A.Vetal. Current Status and Future Trends in More Electric Car power systems. Vehicular Technology Conference,IEEE 49th, 1999,Vol.2: 1380~1384
33 Vezzini A, Reichert K. Power Electronics Layout in a Hybrid Electric or Electric Vehicle Drive System. Power Electronics in Transportation, 1996, Vol.4:57~63
34 M Ehsani, K M Rahman, H A Toliyat. Propulsion System Design of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles. IEEE Trans, 1997, Vol.4, 19~27
35孙立志,赵辉,陆永平.电动汽车的电机驱动系统.电工电能新技术, 1997(4): 14~19
36陈伯时,陈敏逊.交流调速系统.北京:机械工业出版社, 1998: 117~121
37范金鑫.电动汽车异步电动机驱动系统研究. [安徽农业大学硕士论文], 2004: 45~46
38王先进.基于DSP的电动汽车用交流电机直接转矩控制器的研制. [武汉理工大学硕士论文],2005: 37~38
39汪全.电动汽车驱动系统的云控制研究. [武汉理工大学硕士论文], 20~05
40郑琼林.电牵引传动系统研究.北京:北京:北京交通大学出版社, 2002: 112~113
41张思明.电动汽车驱动技术概述.第七届中国小电机技术研讨会,上海, 2002: 77~79
42王步来.电动汽车驱动系统评述.微电机, 2005, 38(2):74~75
43于金风.电动汽车动力性初步研究.洛阳:河南科技大学出版社, 2003: 87~89
44 Patrick T. Moseley. High-rate, Valve-regulated Lead–acid Batteries–Suitable for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Journal of Power Sources, 1999(84):237~242
45 Fritz R Kalhammer. Polymer Electrolytes and the Electric Vehicle. Solid State Ionics, 2000(135):315~323
46 K.N. Han, H.M. Seo, J.K Kim. Development of a Plastic Li-ion battery Cell for EV Applications. Journal of Power Source 101(2001):196~200
47 Jonathan Goldstein,Ian Brown,Binyamin Koretz. New Developments in the Electric Fuel Ltd. Zincrair System. Journal of Power Sources,1999(80):171~179
48 K. Amine, J. Liu, S. Kang. Improved Lithium Manganese Oxide Spinel/graphiteLi-ioncells for High-power Applications. Journal of Power Sources, 129 (2004): 14~19
49程夕明,孙逢春.电动汽车能量存储技术概况.电源技术, 2001,(25): 47~52
50崔淑梅,段甫毅.超级电容电动汽车的研究进展与趋势.汽车研究与开发, 2005(6): 31~36
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