混合动力乘用车电机与AMT耦合传动特性的研究
摘要
混合动力汽车是汽车行业发展方向之一。混合动力机电耦合器是混合动力汽车的重要组成部分,对于乘用车,结构紧凑、高效、易控、低成本的机电耦合动力传动装置是最为重要的。本文依托技术中心多年在混合动力乘用车方面基础研究的丰硕成果和试制的样车产品,在分析混合动力电机与AMT耦合器各组成部分特点的基础上进行结构设计,通过结构分析及相关计算,完成混合动力电机与AMT耦合器的设计。该机电动力耦合器,机构集成度高,结构简单,机械零件加工成本低。并通过试验验证,达到了匹配整车进行整车控制系统开发的要求。
本论文的主要内容如下:
1.概述了混合动力机电耦合器的国外现状和发展趋势及国内各汽车厂家在混合动力汽车和机电耦合器的开发成果;
2.介绍了电机的运行模式和特性,并在此基础上确定电机的选择,对AMT电控系统的构成及控制策略进行了分析;
3.针对匹配整车及整车控制系统开发的要求进行混合动力电机与AMT耦合器的设计,对耦合器的齿轮、轴、轴承、壳体等部件进行了计算分析,对电机与AMT耦合器进行试验验证。
Hybrid electric vehicle is one of the automotive industry development directions. Hybrid electromechanical coupling is an important component for hybrid electric vehicles. In order to meet the needs of the market, develop the coupling with hybrid electric motor and AMT system for passenger cars, and study its characteristic. I passed a lot of reading on the hybrid electric vehicle in papers, books, journals, knowledge of foreign hybrid electric vehicle development history and domestic research and development status. I read these articles based on the collection, collation classification with the development of hybrid electric vehicle related information. This paper introduces the function of the HEV electromechanical coupling system, domestic and international status and development trend. Foreign automobile manufacturers which started early, has been mass-produced car on the market. Such as Toyota, Honda. As of May 2008, Prius hybrid sedan in Japan and abroad have been breaking the cumulative sales of 1.5 million mark. The domestic automobile manufacturers of hybrid vehicles to be late. And in financial and manpower investment and foreign automobile companies do not. There is no mass-market to mature automotive products. Domestic auto manufacturers of hybrid electric vehicle research, largely due to the promotion of the Olympic Games. During the Olympics, the domestic automobile manufacturers a variety of hybrid vehicles were on operational trial. As the size of large passenger cars, with space superiority, application of mixing in the bus than in passenger cars on the power system is easy to realize, therefore, domestic passenger car types in this area more. The passenger cars by the body of space constraints, part sizes should be small, so very few varieties of hybrid passenger cars, and the hybrid mix of degree are low, fuel-saving effect is not obvious. Improve the degree of hybrid hybrid passenger cars are an important way to improve fuel efficiency. For passenger cars, electromechanical coupling power transmission device with compact structure, high efficiency, easily controlled and low-cost is the most important. Development of electromechanical coupling gear based on the needs of the coupled transmission characteristics of the various components were studied. Motor characteristics on HEV are introduced here, and we give qualitative analysis on the relation between the two characteristics of speed ratio and power, and the DC motor、AC induction motors、switched reluctance motors、permanent magnet synchronous motor characteristics are analyzed and compared. By comparison, the article is given to choose the direction of the motor coupling. Small size, light weight, high efficiency, low price, technical maturity of choosing the type of coupling motor aspects to be considered. The same time, electronically controlled automatic mechanical transmission types were introduced, and electronically controlled pneumatic mechanical automatic transmission, electronically controlled hydraulic mechanical automatic transmission and electronically controlled automatic transmission electrical mechanical advantages and disadvantages of the controller to analyzed. Make a decision to adopt mount electrical mechanical electronic control automatic transmission. The Electronic controlled and Electronic powered AMT system not only has the function and the characteristic which the automatic transmission requests, moreover retained the manual transmission’s characteristic, such as high efficiency, low cost and easiness to manufacture, so it has a widespread prospect and superiority in the market of China. AMT control strategies include the formulation of the law and the clutch shift the formulation of the law. By comparing the various control methods, they identified control methods. On the base of analyzing the characteristics of the components, designed the structure. Through the analysis of structure and the related calculations, finished the design details of the coupler with hybrid electric motor and AMT system . This article contains parts of the calculation and analysis, gear, shaft, bearing fatigue strength calculation, axis deformation analysis, sprocket, chain fatigue strength calculation, transmission gearbox housing of the Calculation of the shell that contains the safety factor, stress, deformation the motor cooling water jacket of the CFD flow analysis, application Nastran software for AMT-shift in the motor thermodynamic analysis. The system has a high level of integration, simple structure and low machining costs. The test tried out the coupler achieves requirements for matching the vehicle and using it to develop the control system for the vehicle. At present, based on this motor and AMT-coupled actuators, produced a trial batch BESTURN hybrid cars - B70HEV, has been completed demonstration runs of the Beijing Olympic Games. The demonstration runs achieved good running fuel efficiency.
本论文的主要内容如下:
1.概述了混合动力机电耦合器的国外现状和发展趋势及国内各汽车厂家在混合动力汽车和机电耦合器的开发成果;
2.介绍了电机的运行模式和特性,并在此基础上确定电机的选择,对AMT电控系统的构成及控制策略进行了分析;
3.针对匹配整车及整车控制系统开发的要求进行混合动力电机与AMT耦合器的设计,对耦合器的齿轮、轴、轴承、壳体等部件进行了计算分析,对电机与AMT耦合器进行试验验证。
Hybrid electric vehicle is one of the automotive industry development directions. Hybrid electromechanical coupling is an important component for hybrid electric vehicles. In order to meet the needs of the market, develop the coupling with hybrid electric motor and AMT system for passenger cars, and study its characteristic. I passed a lot of reading on the hybrid electric vehicle in papers, books, journals, knowledge of foreign hybrid electric vehicle development history and domestic research and development status. I read these articles based on the collection, collation classification with the development of hybrid electric vehicle related information. This paper introduces the function of the HEV electromechanical coupling system, domestic and international status and development trend. Foreign automobile manufacturers which started early, has been mass-produced car on the market. Such as Toyota, Honda. As of May 2008, Prius hybrid sedan in Japan and abroad have been breaking the cumulative sales of 1.5 million mark. The domestic automobile manufacturers of hybrid vehicles to be late. And in financial and manpower investment and foreign automobile companies do not. There is no mass-market to mature automotive products. Domestic auto manufacturers of hybrid electric vehicle research, largely due to the promotion of the Olympic Games. During the Olympics, the domestic automobile manufacturers a variety of hybrid vehicles were on operational trial. As the size of large passenger cars, with space superiority, application of mixing in the bus than in passenger cars on the power system is easy to realize, therefore, domestic passenger car types in this area more. The passenger cars by the body of space constraints, part sizes should be small, so very few varieties of hybrid passenger cars, and the hybrid mix of degree are low, fuel-saving effect is not obvious. Improve the degree of hybrid hybrid passenger cars are an important way to improve fuel efficiency. For passenger cars, electromechanical coupling power transmission device with compact structure, high efficiency, easily controlled and low-cost is the most important. Development of electromechanical coupling gear based on the needs of the coupled transmission characteristics of the various components were studied. Motor characteristics on HEV are introduced here, and we give qualitative analysis on the relation between the two characteristics of speed ratio and power, and the DC motor、AC induction motors、switched reluctance motors、permanent magnet synchronous motor characteristics are analyzed and compared. By comparison, the article is given to choose the direction of the motor coupling. Small size, light weight, high efficiency, low price, technical maturity of choosing the type of coupling motor aspects to be considered. The same time, electronically controlled automatic mechanical transmission types were introduced, and electronically controlled pneumatic mechanical automatic transmission, electronically controlled hydraulic mechanical automatic transmission and electronically controlled automatic transmission electrical mechanical advantages and disadvantages of the controller to analyzed. Make a decision to adopt mount electrical mechanical electronic control automatic transmission. The Electronic controlled and Electronic powered AMT system not only has the function and the characteristic which the automatic transmission requests, moreover retained the manual transmission’s characteristic, such as high efficiency, low cost and easiness to manufacture, so it has a widespread prospect and superiority in the market of China. AMT control strategies include the formulation of the law and the clutch shift the formulation of the law. By comparing the various control methods, they identified control methods. On the base of analyzing the characteristics of the components, designed the structure. Through the analysis of structure and the related calculations, finished the design details of the coupler with hybrid electric motor and AMT system . This article contains parts of the calculation and analysis, gear, shaft, bearing fatigue strength calculation, axis deformation analysis, sprocket, chain fatigue strength calculation, transmission gearbox housing of the Calculation of the shell that contains the safety factor, stress, deformation the motor cooling water jacket of the CFD flow analysis, application Nastran software for AMT-shift in the motor thermodynamic analysis. The system has a high level of integration, simple structure and low machining costs. The test tried out the coupler achieves requirements for matching the vehicle and using it to develop the control system for the vehicle. At present, based on this motor and AMT-coupled actuators, produced a trial batch BESTURN hybrid cars - B70HEV, has been completed demonstration runs of the Beijing Olympic Games. The demonstration runs achieved good running fuel efficiency.
引文
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[29]刘嘉、李理光、吴志军、邓俊.微型混合动力车的研究概况及趋势[J].北京汽车.2008年第1期
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[34]章廉.奇瑞混合动力轿车[J].中国科技成果.2006年第1期
[35]黄贤广、林逸、何洪文、魏跃远.混合动力汽车机电动力耦合系统现状及发展趋势[J].上海汽车.2006年第7期
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[38] Mehrdad Ehsani、Yimin Gao、Ali Emadi.Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles: Fundamentals, Theory, and Design, Second Edition [M].Taylor & Francis Group.2009
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[40]闫大伟、陈世元.电动汽车驱动电机性能比较[J].汽车电器.2004年第2期
[41]闫俊.电动汽车操纵稳定性控制的分析研究[D].北京:北京交通大学.2006年
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[43]王秀玲.电动汽车驱动系统的研究[D].长春:吉林大学.2007年
[44]万佳.混合动力电动汽车总成参数匹配与控制策略研究[D].南昌:南昌大学.2008年
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[46]张建林.电控电动AMT无离合器操纵换挡控制技术的研究[D].长春:吉林大学.2007年
[47]任玉平.基于模糊控制的AMT选换档系统开发[D].长春:吉林大学.2003年
[48]孔慧芳.电控机械式自动变速器中传动与控制的关键技术研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学.2008年
[49]周莹.道路载荷谱在变速器齿轮疲劳强度计算中的应用[C].长春:一汽技术中心.2006年
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[2] Jeffrey D. Sachs.Common Wealth: Economics for a Crowded Planet [M].Penguin Group (USA).2009
[3]王概.新能源车漫漫长路[J].新财经.2009年第4期
[4]潘虹如.燃油税改革:小排量、新能源汽车受宠[J].标准生活.2009年第1期
[5]郭宝江.“混合”和“电”是未来汽车零部件技术研发的关键词[J].汽车电器.2009年第1期
[6]胡安生.汽车新动力的发展趋势[J].汽车情报.2005年第7期
[7]刘明科.机电耦合动力传动合成装置关键技术开发[R].长春:一汽技术中心.2008年
[8] Robert Bosch Gmbh.Bosch Automotive Handbook, 7th Edition [M].John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte. Ltd..2007
[9] Antoni Szumanowski.Hybrid electric vehicle drives design: edition based on urban buses [M].Institute for Sustainable Technologies.2006
[10]岳东鹏.轻度HEV混合动力系统轴系机电耦合动力学特性的研究[D].天津:天津大学.2005年
[11]李兴虎.电动汽车概论[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社.2005年
[12]卢山、解本欣、解治宇、李馨.混合动力技术及研发实践[J].农业装备与车辆工程.2008年第1期
[13]王涛、张友芹.论我国节能与新能源汽车的发展战略[J].汽车工业研究.2008年第6期
[14]欧阳明高、田硕、徐梁飞.汽车动力的混合化发展趋势与构型分析[J].汽车工程.2008年第9期
[15]李美军.混合动力电动汽车动力耦合方式的分类与比较[J].公路与汽运.2008年第2期
[16]朱剑超.微混合动力汽车蓄电池的选型[J].汽车电器.2009年第6期
[17]戴梦萍、纪永秋.汽车新动力━━HEV综述[J].农业装备与车辆工程.2006年第9期
[18]马建新、朱东、方运舟、韩友国、李燕.BSG混合动力汽车铅酸电池性能预测方法的研究[J].汽车工程.2008年第3期
[19]胡建军、丁李辉、叶明、秦大同.ISG型轻度混合动力AMT汽车换挡品质控制仿真分析[J].汽车工程.2008年第2期
[20]郭晋晟、钟虎、杨林.ISG柴油混合动力客车能量分配策略研究[J].汽车工程.2008年第2期
[21]杨伟斌、秦大同、杨亚联、杨阳、舒红.轻度混合动力汽车动力元件的选型与参数匹配[J].重庆大学学报.2003年第11期
[22]杨小林.中国汽车“混世纪”[J].轻型汽车技术.2008年第7/8期
[23]金妮.普锐斯用数据描绘新能源汽车的商业图景[J].汽车商业评论.2009年第8期
[24]陈龙安.混合动力汽车动力传动控制系统的研究与开发[D].上海:同济大学.2007年
[25]明轩.本田第四代混合动力系统(IMA)[J].汽车与配件.2009年第13期
[26]中国电池工业协会、轻工业化学电源研究所.国内外科技动态[J].电池工业.2004年第4期
[27]李福文.复合电源的参数匹配与控制策略研究[D].长春:吉林大学.2006年
[28]徐慧妮.2006北美车展关键词——混合动力&小型车[J].汽车与配件.2006年第5期
[29]刘嘉、李理光、吴志军、邓俊.微型混合动力车的研究概况及趋势[J].北京汽车.2008年第1期
[30]刘彦涛.混合动力汽车动力分配系统建模、控制与仿真研究[D].大连:大连海事大学.2008年
[31]王军、申金升.国内外混合动力电动汽车开发动态及发展趋势[J].公路交通科技.2000年1期
[32]张友根.混合动力汽车发展概况[J].上海节能.2006年第5期
[33]章廉.东风混合动力城市公交车和混合动力轿车[J].中国科技成果.2006年第22期
[34]章廉.奇瑞混合动力轿车[J].中国科技成果.2006年第1期
[35]黄贤广、林逸、何洪文、魏跃远.混合动力汽车机电动力耦合系统现状及发展趋势[J].上海汽车.2006年第7期
[36]章廉.一汽混合动力城市公交车和混合动力轿车[J].中国科技成果.2007年第2期
[37]赵硕、张缓缓、王庆年.混合动力汽车电机恒功率特性研究[J].微电机.2005年第3期
[38] Mehrdad Ehsani、Yimin Gao、Ali Emadi.Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles: Fundamentals, Theory, and Design, Second Edition [M].Taylor & Francis Group.2009
[39]郭建龙、陈世元.电动汽车驱动用电机的选择[J].汽车电器.2007年第1期
[40]闫大伟、陈世元.电动汽车驱动电机性能比较[J].汽车电器.2004年第2期
[41]闫俊.电动汽车操纵稳定性控制的分析研究[D].北京:北京交通大学.2006年
[42]宋慧、胡骅.电动汽车的现状及发展(Ⅴ)[J].汽车电器.2000年第5期
[43]王秀玲.电动汽车驱动系统的研究[D].长春:吉林大学.2007年
[44]万佳.混合动力电动汽车总成参数匹配与控制策略研究[D].南昌:南昌大学.2008年
[45]吴咏、张尚娇.注目中国的AMT技术[J].上海汽车.1999年第8期
[46]张建林.电控电动AMT无离合器操纵换挡控制技术的研究[D].长春:吉林大学.2007年
[47]任玉平.基于模糊控制的AMT选换档系统开发[D].长春:吉林大学.2003年
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