PHEV动力系统及使用参数对整车性能的影响研究
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摘要
混合动力汽车(HEV)是传统内燃机汽车到电动汽车的过渡产品,它不仅具有传统内燃机汽车优良的动力性和较长的续驶里程,还具有纯电动汽车高效率、低排放的性能,因此混合动力汽车得到了各个汽车生产厂家和科研单位的青睐。制动能量回收系统是混动力汽车的重要组成部分,它对汽车的燃油经济性、排放性和行驶安全性有着直接的影响。它能在汽车减速和制动过程中,在保证汽车的制动性能的前提下实现制动能量的回收。
文章在充分研究了常见并联混合动力汽车传动系统的基础上,重新选择发动机、电动机和电池的型号,并根据动力性要求初步确定发动机、电动机和电池的各个参数,并选择矩形分割法对发动机、电动机和电池的功率进行优化匹配。基于Matlab/Simulink以及ADVISOR软件以夏利N3三厢1.3为基础建立了发动机、电动机和蓄电池的仿真模型,并加入了并行控制策略。
本文首先对汽车的动力性和燃油经济性进行了对比分析;其次在典型制动工况下仿真,得到汽车在不同的制动初速度和制动强度下的制动性能和能量回收率;然后在不同循环工况进行仿真,分析不同循环工况对制动能量回收率的影响;最后根据混合度的概念和目前混合动力汽车混合度的研究现状,分析混合度对整车动力性、经济性和能量回收率的影响。结果表明在低制动强度下回收的能量多,在频繁加减速的城市工况下回收的能量比较多,混合度的最佳范围为0.3~0.4。
本文所研究的内容对以后制动能量回收系统的硬件设计具有重要的意义,为以后夏利汽车的混合动力改造奠定了基础。
Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is the transition product of traditional vehicle to electric vehicle, which combines the excellent power, distance performance of conventional vehicle and low mission, high efficiency of electric vehicle, so HEV is favored by many vehicle manufactures and research institutions in recent years. Regenerative braking is one of key techniques for HEV, which has a direct impact on fuel economy, emission and vehicle security. When HEV is braking, regenerative braking system will make sure the braking security and recovers the kinetic energy.
After deeply researched the power train of parallel hybrid electric vehicle, the engine, motor and battery are reselected,their parameters are set under the power requirement, and the power is matched with DRIECT. With Matlab/Simulink and ADVISOR, engine, motor and battery model are built based on Xiali N3 1.3L. The parallel brake control strategy are added.
First the comparative analysis is made for vehicle’s power and economic. Second the power train model are simulated on the classic braking drive cycle, and the performance and energy reclaim rate are analyzed under the different speed and braking force. Third the power train model are simulated on different periodic drive cycles, and the drive cycles’effects to energy reclaim are analyzed. At last based on the concept of hybridization rate and the current status quo of HEV hybridization rate, the effect of the difference of hybridization rate to the vehicle’s power, economic and energy recovery are analyzed. The results show that speed low braking force reclaimed more energy, frequently decelerate and braking reclaimed more energy, and the best range of hybridization rate is from 0.3 to 0.4.
The research result is useful for designing regenerative braking system hardware and also for designing Xiali hybrid electric vehicle.
文章在充分研究了常见并联混合动力汽车传动系统的基础上,重新选择发动机、电动机和电池的型号,并根据动力性要求初步确定发动机、电动机和电池的各个参数,并选择矩形分割法对发动机、电动机和电池的功率进行优化匹配。基于Matlab/Simulink以及ADVISOR软件以夏利N3三厢1.3为基础建立了发动机、电动机和蓄电池的仿真模型,并加入了并行控制策略。
本文首先对汽车的动力性和燃油经济性进行了对比分析;其次在典型制动工况下仿真,得到汽车在不同的制动初速度和制动强度下的制动性能和能量回收率;然后在不同循环工况进行仿真,分析不同循环工况对制动能量回收率的影响;最后根据混合度的概念和目前混合动力汽车混合度的研究现状,分析混合度对整车动力性、经济性和能量回收率的影响。结果表明在低制动强度下回收的能量多,在频繁加减速的城市工况下回收的能量比较多,混合度的最佳范围为0.3~0.4。
本文所研究的内容对以后制动能量回收系统的硬件设计具有重要的意义,为以后夏利汽车的混合动力改造奠定了基础。
Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is the transition product of traditional vehicle to electric vehicle, which combines the excellent power, distance performance of conventional vehicle and low mission, high efficiency of electric vehicle, so HEV is favored by many vehicle manufactures and research institutions in recent years. Regenerative braking is one of key techniques for HEV, which has a direct impact on fuel economy, emission and vehicle security. When HEV is braking, regenerative braking system will make sure the braking security and recovers the kinetic energy.
After deeply researched the power train of parallel hybrid electric vehicle, the engine, motor and battery are reselected,their parameters are set under the power requirement, and the power is matched with DRIECT. With Matlab/Simulink and ADVISOR, engine, motor and battery model are built based on Xiali N3 1.3L. The parallel brake control strategy are added.
First the comparative analysis is made for vehicle’s power and economic. Second the power train model are simulated on the classic braking drive cycle, and the performance and energy reclaim rate are analyzed under the different speed and braking force. Third the power train model are simulated on different periodic drive cycles, and the drive cycles’effects to energy reclaim are analyzed. At last based on the concept of hybridization rate and the current status quo of HEV hybridization rate, the effect of the difference of hybridization rate to the vehicle’s power, economic and energy recovery are analyzed. The results show that speed low braking force reclaimed more energy, frequently decelerate and braking reclaimed more energy, and the best range of hybridization rate is from 0.3 to 0.4.
The research result is useful for designing regenerative braking system hardware and also for designing Xiali hybrid electric vehicle.
引文
1过学迅,张靖.混合动力汽车再生制动系统建模与仿真.武汉理工大学学报.2005,(6):1~4
2游国平.并联混合动力汽车方案设计与仿真.重庆大学硕士学位论文.2007:1~6
3电动汽车重大专项总体组.电动汽车重大专项进展.电动汽车重大专项办公室.2003,(6):1~4
4何洪文.混合动力汽车传动系合理匹配的研究.吉林大学硕士论文.2000:9~17
5孙逢春,何洪文.混合动力车辆的归类方法研究.北京理工大学学报.2001,22(1):40~44
6 Paul B. Koeneman, Daniel A. McAdams. Load leveling device selection for hybrid electric vehicles. SAE981130, 1998
7 K. L. Butler, K. M. Stevens, M. Ehsani, A versatile computer simulation tool for design and analysis of electric and hybrid drive trains. SAE970199, 1997
8 Caraceni, G. Cipolla, R. Barbiero, Hybrid power unit development for Fiat Multipla vehicle. SAE981124, 1998
9 Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Sixth Report. 2000
10 Erbis L. Biscarri, M. A. Tamor, Syed Murtuza. Simulation of hybrid electric vehicles with emphasis on fuel economy estimation. SAE981132, 1998
11 Leon Liebenberg, Andr. Nel, Keith R. Pullen. Computer simulation of electric gas turbine and gas turbine hybrid electric vehicles. SAE941733, 1994
12 David L. McKain, Nigel N. Clark, Thomas H. Balon, et al. Characterization of emissions from hybrid-electric and conventional transit buses. SAE2000-01-2011, 2000
13李起忠.并联混合动力电动汽车传动系统的建模与仿真研究.西安理工大学硕士学位论文.2007:6~13
14刘明辉.混合动力客车整车控制策略及总成参数匹配研究.吉林大学博士学位论文.2005:5~9
15陈萍.并联混合动力汽车动力总成控制策略的仿真研究.吉林大学硕士学位论文.2007:5~6
16杨伟斌.ISG型轻度混合动力汽车动力传动系的匹配与仿真研究.重庆大学硕士学位论文.2004:3~5
17徐勇.AT并联混合动力电动汽车驱动系统的建模与仿真研究.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2005:1~5
18陈全世,仇斌等.燃料电池电动汽车.清华大学出版社,2005
19 Howard Longee. The Capstone MicroTurbine’s a hybrid vehicle energy source. SAE981187, 1998
20 Leon Liebenberg, Andr. Nel, Keith R. Pullen. Computer simulation of electric gas turbine and gas turbine hybrid electric vehicles. SAE941733, 1994
21 Peter York. The application of electric/hybrid propulsion systems to low floor buses. SAE942243, 1994
22 William R. Cawthorne, Fereydoon Jamzadeh, Frank Sah. The Allison Transmission Hybrid Electric Drive Simulation Development. SAE2000-01-3470, 2000
23 Edward A. Bass, Terry L. Ullman, Edwin C. Owens. The challenges of developing an energy, emissions, and fuel economy test procedure for heavy-duty hybrid electric vehicles. SAE952610, 1995
24 S. Cholula, A. Claudio, J. Ruiz. Intelligent control of the regenerative braking in an induction motor drive. Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 2005 2nd International Conference on 7-9 Sept. 2005 Page(s):302~308
25卢山,高峰,史广奎.并联型混合动力汽车的仿真研究.机电工程技术.2005,(5):59~61
26李振磊.混合动力电动汽车的动力系统设计与仿真.湖南大学硕士学位论文.2007:28~32
27张旭鲜.并联式混合动力客车混合度的研究.吉林大学硕士学位论文.2006:8~11
28冯莉.并联式混合动力电动汽车系统的动力匹配与仿真研究.西安理工大学硕士学位论文.2006:17~22
29吴伟岸.混合动力汽车动力系统参数选择及匹配研究.合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2005:38~39
30王文东.ZH弱混合动力电动汽车动力总成的研究与仿真.吉林大学硕士学位论文.2007:21~29
31于永涛.多轴驱动混合动力汽车动力总成参数匹配及性能仿真.吉林大学硕士学位论文.2006:32~41
32古艳春.混合动力汽车AMT换档策略及换档控制的研究.上海交通大学博士学位论文.2006:21~29
33余志生.汽车理论.清华大学出版社,2000:71~73
34袁庆强.新型混合动力轿车动力匹配及控制策略的研究.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2007:36~43
35王伟.并联混合动力汽车驱动电机的调节和匹配.吉林大学硕士学位论文.2007:31~39
36杜怿.基于混合动力电动汽车的永磁同步电机控制系统的研究.江苏大学硕士学位论文.2007:20~39
37孔令涛.混合动力汽车传动系统模型化及优化控制.大连海事大学学位论文.2007:35~37
38郑毅.混合动力客车动力系统参数匹配与控制策略研究.广西大学硕士学位论文.2007:40~41
39郭晓建.轻度混合动力汽车动力电池匹配研究.大连理工大学硕士学位论文.2007:13~18
40严冬.混合动力电动汽车参数匹配及电机控制系统仿真研究.武汉理工大学工学硕士学位论文.2007:44~48
41 Osamu Suzuki, Akira Hayashi. Development of a hybrid system for a single-seated commuter vehicle. SAE1999-01-3277, 1999
42赵彦玲.MATLAB与SIMULINK工程应用.电子工业出版社,2001:133~138
43 William W. Marr, Jianliang He. MARVEL: a PC-based interactive software package for life cycle evaluations of hybrid/electric vehicles. SAE951872, 1995
44常志江.混合动力电动汽车动力系统匹配性研究.西北工业大学硕士学位论文.2004:25~49
45 Ronald J. Krefta, Kaushik Rajashekara, Bruce Moor. Evaluation of propulsion drive system technologies for hybrid vehicles. SAE2000-01-1532, 2000
46 Mark George Kosowski, Prekash H. Desai. A parallel hybrid traction system for General Motors Corporation's "Precept" PNGV vehicle. SAE2000-01-1534, 2000
47 Bradley Glenn, Gregory Washington, Giorgio Rizzoni. Operation and control strategies for hybrid electric automobiles, SAE2000-01-1537, 2000
48罗玉涛等. EV 6600电动客车能量反馈系统设计.公路交通科技.2003,(3):167~169
49程志刚.混合动力车辆制动能量回收系统性能研究及试验台设计.哈尔并工业大学硕士学位论文.2007:28~32
50孙刚.混合动力车辆制动能量回收系统的控制研究.哈尔并工业大学硕士学位论文.2007:28~32
51 Vahid Motevalli, Kartik Venkat Bulusu. Overview of hybrid electric vehicle safety and the potential for hydrogen ignition by static electricity .SAE2000-01-1538, 2000
52 Wu-Qiang Long, Kenji Morita, Nobuo Iwai. Analysis of HEV components efficiency on fuel economy View Document. SAE2000-01-1542, 2000
53赵涛.一种新型混合动力电动汽车的动力系统设计、仿真及电机驱动系统的研究.合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2005:2~5
54叶明.基于机械自动变速的轻度混合动力传动系统综合控制研究.重庆大学博士学位论文.2006:3~9
55彭栋.混合动力汽车制动能量回收与ABS集成控制研究.上海交通大学博士学位论文.2007:2~6
56 Yimin Gao, Mehrdad Ehsani. Electronic Braking System of EV And HEV-Integration of Regenerative Braking, Automatic Braking Force Control And ABS. SAE2001-01-2478, 2001
57 Valerie H. Johnson, Keith B. Wipke. HEV control strategy for real-time optimization of fuel economy and emissions. SAE2000-01-1543, 2000
58 Eiji Nakamura, Masayuki Soga, Akira Sakai, AKihiro Otomo, Toshikazu Kobayashi. Development of Electronically Controlled Brake System for Hybrid Vehicle. SAE2002-01-0300, 2002
59 Eiji Nakamura, Masayuki Soga, Akira Sakai, Akihiro Otomo and Toshikazu Kobayashi. Development of Electronically Controlled Brake System for Hybrid Vehicle. Toyota Motor Corporation, Society of Automotive Engineers. 2002.1
2游国平.并联混合动力汽车方案设计与仿真.重庆大学硕士学位论文.2007:1~6
3电动汽车重大专项总体组.电动汽车重大专项进展.电动汽车重大专项办公室.2003,(6):1~4
4何洪文.混合动力汽车传动系合理匹配的研究.吉林大学硕士论文.2000:9~17
5孙逢春,何洪文.混合动力车辆的归类方法研究.北京理工大学学报.2001,22(1):40~44
6 Paul B. Koeneman, Daniel A. McAdams. Load leveling device selection for hybrid electric vehicles. SAE981130, 1998
7 K. L. Butler, K. M. Stevens, M. Ehsani, A versatile computer simulation tool for design and analysis of electric and hybrid drive trains. SAE970199, 1997
8 Caraceni, G. Cipolla, R. Barbiero, Hybrid power unit development for Fiat Multipla vehicle. SAE981124, 1998
9 Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles: Sixth Report. 2000
10 Erbis L. Biscarri, M. A. Tamor, Syed Murtuza. Simulation of hybrid electric vehicles with emphasis on fuel economy estimation. SAE981132, 1998
11 Leon Liebenberg, Andr. Nel, Keith R. Pullen. Computer simulation of electric gas turbine and gas turbine hybrid electric vehicles. SAE941733, 1994
12 David L. McKain, Nigel N. Clark, Thomas H. Balon, et al. Characterization of emissions from hybrid-electric and conventional transit buses. SAE2000-01-2011, 2000
13李起忠.并联混合动力电动汽车传动系统的建模与仿真研究.西安理工大学硕士学位论文.2007:6~13
14刘明辉.混合动力客车整车控制策略及总成参数匹配研究.吉林大学博士学位论文.2005:5~9
15陈萍.并联混合动力汽车动力总成控制策略的仿真研究.吉林大学硕士学位论文.2007:5~6
16杨伟斌.ISG型轻度混合动力汽车动力传动系的匹配与仿真研究.重庆大学硕士学位论文.2004:3~5
17徐勇.AT并联混合动力电动汽车驱动系统的建模与仿真研究.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2005:1~5
18陈全世,仇斌等.燃料电池电动汽车.清华大学出版社,2005
19 Howard Longee. The Capstone MicroTurbine’s a hybrid vehicle energy source. SAE981187, 1998
20 Leon Liebenberg, Andr. Nel, Keith R. Pullen. Computer simulation of electric gas turbine and gas turbine hybrid electric vehicles. SAE941733, 1994
21 Peter York. The application of electric/hybrid propulsion systems to low floor buses. SAE942243, 1994
22 William R. Cawthorne, Fereydoon Jamzadeh, Frank Sah. The Allison Transmission Hybrid Electric Drive Simulation Development. SAE2000-01-3470, 2000
23 Edward A. Bass, Terry L. Ullman, Edwin C. Owens. The challenges of developing an energy, emissions, and fuel economy test procedure for heavy-duty hybrid electric vehicles. SAE952610, 1995
24 S. Cholula, A. Claudio, J. Ruiz. Intelligent control of the regenerative braking in an induction motor drive. Electrical and Electronics Engineering, 2005 2nd International Conference on 7-9 Sept. 2005 Page(s):302~308
25卢山,高峰,史广奎.并联型混合动力汽车的仿真研究.机电工程技术.2005,(5):59~61
26李振磊.混合动力电动汽车的动力系统设计与仿真.湖南大学硕士学位论文.2007:28~32
27张旭鲜.并联式混合动力客车混合度的研究.吉林大学硕士学位论文.2006:8~11
28冯莉.并联式混合动力电动汽车系统的动力匹配与仿真研究.西安理工大学硕士学位论文.2006:17~22
29吴伟岸.混合动力汽车动力系统参数选择及匹配研究.合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2005:38~39
30王文东.ZH弱混合动力电动汽车动力总成的研究与仿真.吉林大学硕士学位论文.2007:21~29
31于永涛.多轴驱动混合动力汽车动力总成参数匹配及性能仿真.吉林大学硕士学位论文.2006:32~41
32古艳春.混合动力汽车AMT换档策略及换档控制的研究.上海交通大学博士学位论文.2006:21~29
33余志生.汽车理论.清华大学出版社,2000:71~73
34袁庆强.新型混合动力轿车动力匹配及控制策略的研究.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2007:36~43
35王伟.并联混合动力汽车驱动电机的调节和匹配.吉林大学硕士学位论文.2007:31~39
36杜怿.基于混合动力电动汽车的永磁同步电机控制系统的研究.江苏大学硕士学位论文.2007:20~39
37孔令涛.混合动力汽车传动系统模型化及优化控制.大连海事大学学位论文.2007:35~37
38郑毅.混合动力客车动力系统参数匹配与控制策略研究.广西大学硕士学位论文.2007:40~41
39郭晓建.轻度混合动力汽车动力电池匹配研究.大连理工大学硕士学位论文.2007:13~18
40严冬.混合动力电动汽车参数匹配及电机控制系统仿真研究.武汉理工大学工学硕士学位论文.2007:44~48
41 Osamu Suzuki, Akira Hayashi. Development of a hybrid system for a single-seated commuter vehicle. SAE1999-01-3277, 1999
42赵彦玲.MATLAB与SIMULINK工程应用.电子工业出版社,2001:133~138
43 William W. Marr, Jianliang He. MARVEL: a PC-based interactive software package for life cycle evaluations of hybrid/electric vehicles. SAE951872, 1995
44常志江.混合动力电动汽车动力系统匹配性研究.西北工业大学硕士学位论文.2004:25~49
45 Ronald J. Krefta, Kaushik Rajashekara, Bruce Moor. Evaluation of propulsion drive system technologies for hybrid vehicles. SAE2000-01-1532, 2000
46 Mark George Kosowski, Prekash H. Desai. A parallel hybrid traction system for General Motors Corporation's "Precept" PNGV vehicle. SAE2000-01-1534, 2000
47 Bradley Glenn, Gregory Washington, Giorgio Rizzoni. Operation and control strategies for hybrid electric automobiles, SAE2000-01-1537, 2000
48罗玉涛等. EV 6600电动客车能量反馈系统设计.公路交通科技.2003,(3):167~169
49程志刚.混合动力车辆制动能量回收系统性能研究及试验台设计.哈尔并工业大学硕士学位论文.2007:28~32
50孙刚.混合动力车辆制动能量回收系统的控制研究.哈尔并工业大学硕士学位论文.2007:28~32
51 Vahid Motevalli, Kartik Venkat Bulusu. Overview of hybrid electric vehicle safety and the potential for hydrogen ignition by static electricity .SAE2000-01-1538, 2000
52 Wu-Qiang Long, Kenji Morita, Nobuo Iwai. Analysis of HEV components efficiency on fuel economy View Document. SAE2000-01-1542, 2000
53赵涛.一种新型混合动力电动汽车的动力系统设计、仿真及电机驱动系统的研究.合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2005:2~5
54叶明.基于机械自动变速的轻度混合动力传动系统综合控制研究.重庆大学博士学位论文.2006:3~9
55彭栋.混合动力汽车制动能量回收与ABS集成控制研究.上海交通大学博士学位论文.2007:2~6
56 Yimin Gao, Mehrdad Ehsani. Electronic Braking System of EV And HEV-Integration of Regenerative Braking, Automatic Braking Force Control And ABS. SAE2001-01-2478, 2001
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