热式油水两相流含油率测量方法研究
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摘要
油水两相流广泛存在于石油、化工、动力等工业过程中,含油率是油水两相流中的一个重要流动参数,对油水流量的分相测量及控制具有重要的工程意义。由于油水两相流流动的复杂性,导致含油率的精确测量难度较大,本文基于热学法和现代信息处理技术,分别采用热电偶测得的油水温度波动信号和铂电阻测得的温场变化信号研究含油率的测量方法。本文主要内容及创新点如下:
1.提出了基于多小波变换的热式油水两相流的温度信号去噪方法。研究了多小波基、阈值方法对油水两相流温度信号去噪效果,并与小波去噪方法进行了比较,其中多小波相邻系数法较好的保留了温度信号细节特征,提高了含油率的测量范围。提出了基于多小波变换的热式油水两相流含油率的最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)模型,将温度信号的幅值波动最大值和标准差作为含油率的特征参数,得到了含油率的LSSVM模型,通过实验验证,该模型测量精度较高。
2.提出了基于Hilbert-huang变换(HHT)和LSSVM热式油水两相流含油率的测量方法。利用HHT将油水两相流的温度信号分解为固有模态和残差两部分,通过分析发现固有模态的Fourier变换能量最大值、残差的幅值波动最大值与含油率有较好的对应关系,因此将它们作为含油率的特征参数建立了基于HHT和LSSVM的含油率模型,较好的实现了含油率的测量。
3.为了提高含油率的LSSVM模型测量精度和泛化能力,提出了基于遗传优化算法(GA)和改进粒子群优化(PSO)算法的含油率的LSSVM模型,利用GA和PSO的全局搜索能力寻找最优的含油率的LSSVM模型参数组合,得到了最优的含油率模型。
4.利用铂电阻测得的油水两相流上游和下游温差信号基于流体热平衡方程建立了含油率的模型,分析了含油率误差产生的原因,改进了测量方法并用温差流量校准系数修正了含油率的模型,含油率在0~60%范围内,平均测量误差为4.56%。同时建立了含油率的LSSVM模型,并用GA和改进PSO算法优化了含油率的LSSVM模型,平均测量误差在1%以内,与传统的含油率模型进行比较,含油率的测量精度较高。
Oil-water two phase flows are a common occurrence in petroleum industry, chemical engineering, power and process industries, in which the oil holdup is one of the important flow parameters. The determination of the oil holdup has great significance to the measurement and control of oil flux and water flux respectively. Because the flow structures of oil-water two phase flow (OWTPF) are very complex, therefore, accurate measurement of the oil holdup is very difficult. The oil holdup measurement methods are researched on according to the fluctuant temperature signals of OWTPF measured by thermocouple and temperature field transformation measured by platinum resistance, which is based on the thermal method and modern signal processing techniques. The mainly research works of this thesis are as following:
1. A new signal processing method based on Multiwavelet has been proposed for temperature signal de-noising of OWTPF for the first time. Compared with traditional wavelet de-noising, the Multiwavelet Neighboring Coefficient Method can deal with the correlativity among the transformation coefficients and the actual temperature signal is effectively retained, the measurement range of oil holdup is improved. A new model based on least square support vector machines (LSSVM) and multiwavelet transform is put forward on, which is capable of forecasting oil holdup of OWTPF. The fluctuant temperature amplitude signals noised and standard difference are employed as the characteristics parameters of the oil holdup, the LSSVM model of oil holdup is built. The experimental results demonstrate this model has good measurement accuracy.
2. A new measurement method of oil holdup for oil-water two phase flow is put forward on the base of Hilbert-Huang translation (HHT) and LSSVM. The temperature signals of OWTPF are decomposed by the HHT. The instantaneous fluctuated amplitude that relates to oil holdup is extracted form the last residue component of HHT. Meanwhile the high frequency components are analyzed by the FFT(Fast Fourier Transformation), it is found that the FFT maximum energy value is relates to oil holdup. Therefore, the maximum fluctuant amplitude and FFT energy are employed as the characteristics parameters of LSSVM model, the LSSVM model of oil holdup is obtained based on HHT. The experiment results show this model can be used for oil holdup measurement of OWTPF with reasonable accuracy.
3. In order to improve the predictive accuracy and generalization ability of the LSSVM model, a Genetic Arithmetic (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been adopted to determine the optimal parameters of LSSVM model automatically, which utilize their global searching. The optimal model of oil holdup is obtained.
4. Oil holdups model of oil-water two phase flow is developed utilizing platinum resistance to measure the temperature difference between upstream and downstream based on the fluid thermal balance equation. The measurement errors of oil holdup are analyzed and measurement method is improved on. The calibration coefficient of temperature difference and flux is proposed to calibrate temperature difference and oil water total flux measured. The experimental results show that the average measurement error is 4.56% in the range of 0 to 60% oil holdup. Subsequently, the LSSVM model of oil holdup is built and is optimized using GA and PSO, the measurement average errors are less than 1%, which reveals that the performance of LSSVM model for oil holdup outperforms the traditional model.
1.提出了基于多小波变换的热式油水两相流的温度信号去噪方法。研究了多小波基、阈值方法对油水两相流温度信号去噪效果,并与小波去噪方法进行了比较,其中多小波相邻系数法较好的保留了温度信号细节特征,提高了含油率的测量范围。提出了基于多小波变换的热式油水两相流含油率的最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)模型,将温度信号的幅值波动最大值和标准差作为含油率的特征参数,得到了含油率的LSSVM模型,通过实验验证,该模型测量精度较高。
2.提出了基于Hilbert-huang变换(HHT)和LSSVM热式油水两相流含油率的测量方法。利用HHT将油水两相流的温度信号分解为固有模态和残差两部分,通过分析发现固有模态的Fourier变换能量最大值、残差的幅值波动最大值与含油率有较好的对应关系,因此将它们作为含油率的特征参数建立了基于HHT和LSSVM的含油率模型,较好的实现了含油率的测量。
3.为了提高含油率的LSSVM模型测量精度和泛化能力,提出了基于遗传优化算法(GA)和改进粒子群优化(PSO)算法的含油率的LSSVM模型,利用GA和PSO的全局搜索能力寻找最优的含油率的LSSVM模型参数组合,得到了最优的含油率模型。
4.利用铂电阻测得的油水两相流上游和下游温差信号基于流体热平衡方程建立了含油率的模型,分析了含油率误差产生的原因,改进了测量方法并用温差流量校准系数修正了含油率的模型,含油率在0~60%范围内,平均测量误差为4.56%。同时建立了含油率的LSSVM模型,并用GA和改进PSO算法优化了含油率的LSSVM模型,平均测量误差在1%以内,与传统的含油率模型进行比较,含油率的测量精度较高。
Oil-water two phase flows are a common occurrence in petroleum industry, chemical engineering, power and process industries, in which the oil holdup is one of the important flow parameters. The determination of the oil holdup has great significance to the measurement and control of oil flux and water flux respectively. Because the flow structures of oil-water two phase flow (OWTPF) are very complex, therefore, accurate measurement of the oil holdup is very difficult. The oil holdup measurement methods are researched on according to the fluctuant temperature signals of OWTPF measured by thermocouple and temperature field transformation measured by platinum resistance, which is based on the thermal method and modern signal processing techniques. The mainly research works of this thesis are as following:
1. A new signal processing method based on Multiwavelet has been proposed for temperature signal de-noising of OWTPF for the first time. Compared with traditional wavelet de-noising, the Multiwavelet Neighboring Coefficient Method can deal with the correlativity among the transformation coefficients and the actual temperature signal is effectively retained, the measurement range of oil holdup is improved. A new model based on least square support vector machines (LSSVM) and multiwavelet transform is put forward on, which is capable of forecasting oil holdup of OWTPF. The fluctuant temperature amplitude signals noised and standard difference are employed as the characteristics parameters of the oil holdup, the LSSVM model of oil holdup is built. The experimental results demonstrate this model has good measurement accuracy.
2. A new measurement method of oil holdup for oil-water two phase flow is put forward on the base of Hilbert-Huang translation (HHT) and LSSVM. The temperature signals of OWTPF are decomposed by the HHT. The instantaneous fluctuated amplitude that relates to oil holdup is extracted form the last residue component of HHT. Meanwhile the high frequency components are analyzed by the FFT(Fast Fourier Transformation), it is found that the FFT maximum energy value is relates to oil holdup. Therefore, the maximum fluctuant amplitude and FFT energy are employed as the characteristics parameters of LSSVM model, the LSSVM model of oil holdup is obtained based on HHT. The experiment results show this model can be used for oil holdup measurement of OWTPF with reasonable accuracy.
3. In order to improve the predictive accuracy and generalization ability of the LSSVM model, a Genetic Arithmetic (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) has been adopted to determine the optimal parameters of LSSVM model automatically, which utilize their global searching. The optimal model of oil holdup is obtained.
4. Oil holdups model of oil-water two phase flow is developed utilizing platinum resistance to measure the temperature difference between upstream and downstream based on the fluid thermal balance equation. The measurement errors of oil holdup are analyzed and measurement method is improved on. The calibration coefficient of temperature difference and flux is proposed to calibrate temperature difference and oil water total flux measured. The experimental results show that the average measurement error is 4.56% in the range of 0 to 60% oil holdup. Subsequently, the LSSVM model of oil holdup is built and is optimized using GA and PSO, the measurement average errors are less than 1%, which reveals that the performance of LSSVM model for oil holdup outperforms the traditional model.
引文
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