远动终端装置（RTU）的设计
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摘要
随着微电子技术、计算机技术和通信技术的飞速发展,远动终端技术在电力自动化系统中发挥着越来越重要的作用。远动终端装置(RTU)作为电力自动化系统的核心装置,完成对现场电力参数实时的测量和监控,广泛应用于电力自动化系统底层的数据采集和过程控制,对提高电力系统的供电安全和可靠性有着重要的意义。
本文首先对新一代电力自动化系统的功能需求进行了分析,设计出一种新型的RTU系统结构,解决了早期RTU系统数据传输效率低、功能单一、技术开发性差的问题。
其次,针对原有电力自动化系统中RTU采集数据量单一、实时响应差、测试精度低的缺点,本文设计出了一种能采集多种数据量的高速、高精度智能化远动数据采集终端,使RTU系统功能大大增强。该终端采用高性能的数字信号处理器(DSP) TMS320LF2407A作为主控电路,以CAN总线为通信载体;运用快速、简单的傅里叶变换(FFT)算法计算交流电压、电流、频率、功率以及功率因数等电力参数。与以往采用的8位、16位单片机的数据采集终端相比,该终端具有运算能力强、处理速度快、外围电路简单及工作可靠性高的特点。
最后,本文使用C语言编写的调试软件对终端进行测试,测试结果表明终端满足了系统对终端采集数据的精度、速度和可靠性的要求。该终端具有低成本、高速、高精度、高可靠性等特点。
With the rapid development of microelectronic technique, computer technology, and communication technology, remote terminal technology (RTU) is playing an increasingly important role in the power automation system. As the core device of power automation system, RTU completes the real-time measurement and monitoring for the electronic power parament. And it is widely used in the data acquisition and process control in the bottom of power automation system. RTU has an important significance improvement on power system security of power supply and reliability.
Firstly, this paper analyses the function requirement of the power automation system. On this condition, a new RTU system is designed. This new system has solved the problems such as low data transmission speed, simplex function, bad technology opening of the early RTU system.
Secondly, in this paper, aimed at the shortcoming of RTU of original power automation system which are a single data acquisition, bad real-time response and low measurement accuracy, an intellect remote data acquisition terminal with a variety data acquisition, high speed and high precision is designed, so that greatly enhances function of the system. The terminal uses a high-performance digital signal processor (DSP) TMS320LF2407A as the main control circuit, CAN bus as the communication carrier; and the power paraments which are AC voltage, current, freqyency, power, power factor and so on are calculated by the algorithm of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Compared to the early data acquisition terminals that always used 8-bit and 16-bit MCU, this new terminal has characteristics with better operation capability and faster processing speed. Besides, it makes peripheral circuit simpler and reliability higher.
Finally, with the software which programmed with C, the terminal is tested in this paper, and result of the test shows that the terminal meets the system requirements which are speed, precision and reliability of the data acquisition. And the terminal has some characteristics with a low-cost, high speed, high precision, high reliability and so on.
本文首先对新一代电力自动化系统的功能需求进行了分析,设计出一种新型的RTU系统结构,解决了早期RTU系统数据传输效率低、功能单一、技术开发性差的问题。
其次,针对原有电力自动化系统中RTU采集数据量单一、实时响应差、测试精度低的缺点,本文设计出了一种能采集多种数据量的高速、高精度智能化远动数据采集终端,使RTU系统功能大大增强。该终端采用高性能的数字信号处理器(DSP) TMS320LF2407A作为主控电路,以CAN总线为通信载体;运用快速、简单的傅里叶变换(FFT)算法计算交流电压、电流、频率、功率以及功率因数等电力参数。与以往采用的8位、16位单片机的数据采集终端相比,该终端具有运算能力强、处理速度快、外围电路简单及工作可靠性高的特点。
最后,本文使用C语言编写的调试软件对终端进行测试,测试结果表明终端满足了系统对终端采集数据的精度、速度和可靠性的要求。该终端具有低成本、高速、高精度、高可靠性等特点。
With the rapid development of microelectronic technique, computer technology, and communication technology, remote terminal technology (RTU) is playing an increasingly important role in the power automation system. As the core device of power automation system, RTU completes the real-time measurement and monitoring for the electronic power parament. And it is widely used in the data acquisition and process control in the bottom of power automation system. RTU has an important significance improvement on power system security of power supply and reliability.
Firstly, this paper analyses the function requirement of the power automation system. On this condition, a new RTU system is designed. This new system has solved the problems such as low data transmission speed, simplex function, bad technology opening of the early RTU system.
Secondly, in this paper, aimed at the shortcoming of RTU of original power automation system which are a single data acquisition, bad real-time response and low measurement accuracy, an intellect remote data acquisition terminal with a variety data acquisition, high speed and high precision is designed, so that greatly enhances function of the system. The terminal uses a high-performance digital signal processor (DSP) TMS320LF2407A as the main control circuit, CAN bus as the communication carrier; and the power paraments which are AC voltage, current, freqyency, power, power factor and so on are calculated by the algorithm of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Compared to the early data acquisition terminals that always used 8-bit and 16-bit MCU, this new terminal has characteristics with better operation capability and faster processing speed. Besides, it makes peripheral circuit simpler and reliability higher.
Finally, with the software which programmed with C, the terminal is tested in this paper, and result of the test shows that the terminal meets the system requirements which are speed, precision and reliability of the data acquisition. And the terminal has some characteristics with a low-cost, high speed, high precision, high reliability and so on.
引文
[1]张永健.电网监控与调度自动化[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2007:3-9.
[2] LARRY G D. PRASANTA K G. Active Power Measurement in Nonsinusoidal Environments. IEEE Trans. on Power System, 2000, 15(3): 1142-1147.
[3]朱松林.变电站计算机监控系统及其应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008:2-11.
[4]黄益庄.变电站综合自动化技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2000:5-12.
[5]丁书文,黄训诚,胡启宙.变电站综合自动化原理及应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002:2-3.
[6]王元璋.变电站综合自动化现场技术与运行维护[J].中国电力,2007:4-10.
[7]曹宁.电网通讯技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2003:3-9.
[8] STEVE M, SIMON H. Future Requirements for Remote Telemetry Unit. Computing & Control Engineering, 2004, 15(3): 44-47.
[9] SCOTT B, TURAN G, LEW R. Substation Automation Technologies and Advantages. IEEE Computer Applications in Power, 2001, 7(6): 31-37.
[10] THOMAS D E, WIGGINS C M, SALAS T M, NICKEL F S, WRIGHT S E. Induced Transients in Substation Cables Measurements and Models. IEEE Trans Power Delivery, 1994, 9(3): 1864-1867.
[11] GEORGE J W. Power Systems Harmonics Fundamentals. Analysis and Filter Design, CHINA MACHINE PRESS, 2003: 14-17.
[12]蔡运清.北美变电站自动化现状[J].电力系统自动化,2004,21(7):51-52.
[13]赵祖康,徐石明.变电站自动化技术综述[J].电力自动化设备,2000,20(1):38-42.
[14]鲁国刚,任洛卿,丁杰,周捷.变电站自动化技术的发展综述[J].PLC&FA,2004(12):34-38.
[15]江智伟.变电站自动化及其新技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2006:26-30.
[16]唐涛.电力系统厂站自动化技术的发展与展望[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(4):92-97.
[17]金诚.变电站自动化系统的发展策略[J] .贵州电力技术,2004(10):26-29.
[18]胡铭,陈晰.电能质量及其分析方法综述[J].电网技术,2000:37-49.
[19]王鸿任.电能质量标准和相关的测量规范[J].仪表技术,2000(2):26-35.
[20] HOST G.. A New Method and A Device for High Precision True RMS Measurements Using the Monte-Carlo-Method. Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest, 2000 Conference on, 2000: 581-582.
[21]张位平.交流特征参量测量方法的探讨[J].工业自动化,2002(4):5-8.
[22]明龙军.三相电气参量快速和高精度的测量算法[J].传感器技术,2004(8):12-14.
[23] LIN H C, LEE C S. Enhanced FFT-Based Para-Metric Algorithm for Simultaneous Multiple Harmonics Analysis [J]. IEEE Proceedings-Generation, Transmission, Distribution. 2001, 148(31): 209-214.
[24]曹孝宁,龙可微,陈小虎.交流采样的微机电量变送器及其自检技术[J].电力自动化设备,2000(6):23-26.
[25] TOIVONEN L, MORSKY J. Digital Multi-Rate Algorithms for Measurement of Voltage, Current, Power and Flicker. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1995, 10(1): 180-192.
[26]柳永智.电力系统远动原理及微机远动装置[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,2004:145-155.
[27]张涛,张忠里.高精度交流采样远动终端的研制[J].电网技术,2000,24(1):19-21.
[28]尹项根.电力系统继电保护原理与应用[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2003:98-102.
[29]周曼娇,杨兰,于国华.通用RTU的软硬件设计[J].电气系统自动化,2002:65-68.
[30] JORGE H, ANTUNES C H. Martins A.G.A Multiple Objective Decision Support Model for the Selection of Remote Load Control Strategies. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2000, 15(2): 865-872.
[31]韩安太,刘峙飞,黄海.DSP控制器原理及其在远动控制系统中的应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003:7-11.
[32]王念旭.DSP基础与应用系统设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001:5-8.
[33]张雄伟,曹铁勇.DSP芯片的原理与开发应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003:9-13.
[34]刘和平.TMS320LF240X DSP结构、原理及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天人学出版社,2002:98-102.
[35]邬宽明.CAN总线原理和应用系统设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1996:15-21.
[36] SCOTT A V, BUCHANAN W J. Truly Distributed Control System Using Fieldbus Technology. ECBS 2000 Proceeding. Seventh IEEE International Conference and Workshopon, 2000: 102-108.
[37]李庆军,赵黎明,戴文晶.浅谈CAN总线技术及其在电站监控中的应用[J].继电器,2000,10(28):38-41.
[38]沈杰,李乃湖.基于现场总线技术的变电站自动化系统[J].电力系统自动化,2000,9(17):57-59.
[39]陈散枝,单渊达,吴杰.基于CAN总线的新型馈线自动化系统[J].电力系统自动化,2000,10(19):47-49.
[40]李正军.跟踪锁相环技术在电力电量交流采样中的应用[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2003(1):32-37.
[41]何苏勤,王忠勇.TMS320C2000系列DSP原理及实用技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003:121-115.
[42] OZANSOY C R, ZAYEGH A, KALAM A. A Review of Substation Automatio Communication Protocols. Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering. Australia, 2004, vol(1): 15-19.
[43]廖裕评,陆瑞强编著.CPLD数字电路设计—使用MAX+PLUS II[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001:21-23.
[44]谢小荣.电力系统频率测量综述[J].电力系统自动化,2002(2):54-58.
[2] LARRY G D. PRASANTA K G. Active Power Measurement in Nonsinusoidal Environments. IEEE Trans. on Power System, 2000, 15(3): 1142-1147.
[3]朱松林.变电站计算机监控系统及其应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2008:2-11.
[4]黄益庄.变电站综合自动化技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2000:5-12.
[5]丁书文,黄训诚,胡启宙.变电站综合自动化原理及应用[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2002:2-3.
[6]王元璋.变电站综合自动化现场技术与运行维护[J].中国电力,2007:4-10.
[7]曹宁.电网通讯技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2003:3-9.
[8] STEVE M, SIMON H. Future Requirements for Remote Telemetry Unit. Computing & Control Engineering, 2004, 15(3): 44-47.
[9] SCOTT B, TURAN G, LEW R. Substation Automation Technologies and Advantages. IEEE Computer Applications in Power, 2001, 7(6): 31-37.
[10] THOMAS D E, WIGGINS C M, SALAS T M, NICKEL F S, WRIGHT S E. Induced Transients in Substation Cables Measurements and Models. IEEE Trans Power Delivery, 1994, 9(3): 1864-1867.
[11] GEORGE J W. Power Systems Harmonics Fundamentals. Analysis and Filter Design, CHINA MACHINE PRESS, 2003: 14-17.
[12]蔡运清.北美变电站自动化现状[J].电力系统自动化,2004,21(7):51-52.
[13]赵祖康,徐石明.变电站自动化技术综述[J].电力自动化设备,2000,20(1):38-42.
[14]鲁国刚,任洛卿,丁杰,周捷.变电站自动化技术的发展综述[J].PLC&FA,2004(12):34-38.
[15]江智伟.变电站自动化及其新技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2006:26-30.
[16]唐涛.电力系统厂站自动化技术的发展与展望[J].电力系统自动化,2004,28(4):92-97.
[17]金诚.变电站自动化系统的发展策略[J] .贵州电力技术,2004(10):26-29.
[18]胡铭,陈晰.电能质量及其分析方法综述[J].电网技术,2000:37-49.
[19]王鸿任.电能质量标准和相关的测量规范[J].仪表技术,2000(2):26-35.
[20] HOST G.. A New Method and A Device for High Precision True RMS Measurements Using the Monte-Carlo-Method. Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest, 2000 Conference on, 2000: 581-582.
[21]张位平.交流特征参量测量方法的探讨[J].工业自动化,2002(4):5-8.
[22]明龙军.三相电气参量快速和高精度的测量算法[J].传感器技术,2004(8):12-14.
[23] LIN H C, LEE C S. Enhanced FFT-Based Para-Metric Algorithm for Simultaneous Multiple Harmonics Analysis [J]. IEEE Proceedings-Generation, Transmission, Distribution. 2001, 148(31): 209-214.
[24]曹孝宁,龙可微,陈小虎.交流采样的微机电量变送器及其自检技术[J].电力自动化设备,2000(6):23-26.
[25] TOIVONEN L, MORSKY J. Digital Multi-Rate Algorithms for Measurement of Voltage, Current, Power and Flicker. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1995, 10(1): 180-192.
[26]柳永智.电力系统远动原理及微机远动装置[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,2004:145-155.
[27]张涛,张忠里.高精度交流采样远动终端的研制[J].电网技术,2000,24(1):19-21.
[28]尹项根.电力系统继电保护原理与应用[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2003:98-102.
[29]周曼娇,杨兰,于国华.通用RTU的软硬件设计[J].电气系统自动化,2002:65-68.
[30] JORGE H, ANTUNES C H. Martins A.G.A Multiple Objective Decision Support Model for the Selection of Remote Load Control Strategies. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2000, 15(2): 865-872.
[31]韩安太,刘峙飞,黄海.DSP控制器原理及其在远动控制系统中的应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003:7-11.
[32]王念旭.DSP基础与应用系统设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001:5-8.
[33]张雄伟,曹铁勇.DSP芯片的原理与开发应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003:9-13.
[34]刘和平.TMS320LF240X DSP结构、原理及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天人学出版社,2002:98-102.
[35]邬宽明.CAN总线原理和应用系统设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1996:15-21.
[36] SCOTT A V, BUCHANAN W J. Truly Distributed Control System Using Fieldbus Technology. ECBS 2000 Proceeding. Seventh IEEE International Conference and Workshopon, 2000: 102-108.
[37]李庆军,赵黎明,戴文晶.浅谈CAN总线技术及其在电站监控中的应用[J].继电器,2000,10(28):38-41.
[38]沈杰,李乃湖.基于现场总线技术的变电站自动化系统[J].电力系统自动化,2000,9(17):57-59.
[39]陈散枝,单渊达,吴杰.基于CAN总线的新型馈线自动化系统[J].电力系统自动化,2000,10(19):47-49.
[40]李正军.跟踪锁相环技术在电力电量交流采样中的应用[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2003(1):32-37.
[41]何苏勤,王忠勇.TMS320C2000系列DSP原理及实用技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003:121-115.
[42] OZANSOY C R, ZAYEGH A, KALAM A. A Review of Substation Automatio Communication Protocols. Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering. Australia, 2004, vol(1): 15-19.
[43]廖裕评,陆瑞强编著.CPLD数字电路设计—使用MAX+PLUS II[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001:21-23.
[44]谢小荣.电力系统频率测量综述[J].电力系统自动化,2002(2):54-58.