基于虚拟仪器技术的电机参数测试系统的研究
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摘要
电机是电能生产及应用的基本装备,是工业控制及军工、航天和民用生产中必不可少的部件,在生产中发挥着越来越重要的作用。然而传统的测量仪器无法满足现代电机测试技术的要求,为了更好的对电机运行中工作状况进行监测,采用计算机技术同仪器技术相结合的虚拟仪器技术,可以较好地解决传统仪器功能单一、存储深度不够、分析处理功能较弱等问题,满足对电机测试的要求。
本文在对基于虚拟仪器技术的三相交流异步电动机电参量测量原理和异步电机起动特性间接测量原理讨论的基础上,根据交流异步电机起动过程中定子电流齿谐波分量蕴含的转速信息,分析了电机转速与齿谐波频率之间的关系,并应用MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真平台对异步电动机的起动特性进行了仿真研究。
本文阐述了小波分析的基本理论,着重阐述了小波理论在信号去噪、滤波、重构和时频分析方面的应用。利用基于正交小波包变换的时频分析方法将其应用到定子电流齿谐波分量的频率提取中,研究了异步电动机起动特性的间接测量方法。
本文对电机测试系统的总体方案、软件设计进行探讨,设计了基于虚拟仪器技术的电机测试系统。本文采用美国Link Instrument公司生产的虚拟数字存储示波器DSO-2904作为数据采集卡,使用LabVIEW编写测试系统软件,完成了采集卡DSO-2904与虚拟仪器开发环境LabVIEW的通信,设计了功能齐全、操作方便的LabVIEW应用程序,实现了对电机参数的动态测试。通过仿真实验,证明了软件设计的准确性,本测试系统设计达到预期要求。通过虚拟仪器技术,可以快速、高效地开发出模块化、智能化的电机测试系统,实现电机运行状态的动态测试。
As the basic equipments for the production and application of electric power,electric motors are indispensable components of industrial control;they are widely used in the field of military,aerospace and the civilian production which play a more and more important role in modern industrial plant.However traditional measurement equipments can not meet the requirements of the modern electrical measurement technology with regard to monitoring working conditions of motor in operation,the virtual instrument technology that combines the computer technology and instrument technology is utilized,which better realises no more than one function,the depth of storage inadequate,the weak of analysis and treatment,and meets the demand of motor testing.
This dissertation discuss on the basic of electrical parameters of measuring principle based on virtual instrument’s three-phase AC induction motor and starting of indirect measuring principle on induction motor,which is according to tooth stator current harmonic. components including speed information at starting of AC induction motor.So it analysises the speed of motor with tooth harmonic frequencies and it goes on research on asynchronous motor starting characteristics in matlab/simulink simulation platform.
This paper summarizes basic theory of wallet analysis and focuses on application of wavelet analysis in signal de-noise processing and filtering reconstruction and time frequency.Time-frequency analysis method based on orthogonal wavelet packets applies with extracting component of tooth harmonic of stator current,so it realize indirect measurement of induction motor starting characteristic.
This paper goes on discussing with overall programme’s motor test system and software design, and designs motor test system based on virtual instrument.This paper uses visual digital oscilloscope DSO-2904 which products American company of Link Instrument as data card.Labview is used as software of test system which realize to correspondent with data card DSO-2904 with designing of complete functions and easy operation labview applications and dynamic test on motor parameters.It is proved that the accuracy of software design through simulation experiments which meet expectation.It is indicated that the application of virtual instrument technology fast and effective research modularized and intellectualized motor test system which timely monitor motor running state.
本文在对基于虚拟仪器技术的三相交流异步电动机电参量测量原理和异步电机起动特性间接测量原理讨论的基础上,根据交流异步电机起动过程中定子电流齿谐波分量蕴含的转速信息,分析了电机转速与齿谐波频率之间的关系,并应用MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真平台对异步电动机的起动特性进行了仿真研究。
本文阐述了小波分析的基本理论,着重阐述了小波理论在信号去噪、滤波、重构和时频分析方面的应用。利用基于正交小波包变换的时频分析方法将其应用到定子电流齿谐波分量的频率提取中,研究了异步电动机起动特性的间接测量方法。
本文对电机测试系统的总体方案、软件设计进行探讨,设计了基于虚拟仪器技术的电机测试系统。本文采用美国Link Instrument公司生产的虚拟数字存储示波器DSO-2904作为数据采集卡,使用LabVIEW编写测试系统软件,完成了采集卡DSO-2904与虚拟仪器开发环境LabVIEW的通信,设计了功能齐全、操作方便的LabVIEW应用程序,实现了对电机参数的动态测试。通过仿真实验,证明了软件设计的准确性,本测试系统设计达到预期要求。通过虚拟仪器技术,可以快速、高效地开发出模块化、智能化的电机测试系统,实现电机运行状态的动态测试。
As the basic equipments for the production and application of electric power,electric motors are indispensable components of industrial control;they are widely used in the field of military,aerospace and the civilian production which play a more and more important role in modern industrial plant.However traditional measurement equipments can not meet the requirements of the modern electrical measurement technology with regard to monitoring working conditions of motor in operation,the virtual instrument technology that combines the computer technology and instrument technology is utilized,which better realises no more than one function,the depth of storage inadequate,the weak of analysis and treatment,and meets the demand of motor testing.
This dissertation discuss on the basic of electrical parameters of measuring principle based on virtual instrument’s three-phase AC induction motor and starting of indirect measuring principle on induction motor,which is according to tooth stator current harmonic. components including speed information at starting of AC induction motor.So it analysises the speed of motor with tooth harmonic frequencies and it goes on research on asynchronous motor starting characteristics in matlab/simulink simulation platform.
This paper summarizes basic theory of wallet analysis and focuses on application of wavelet analysis in signal de-noise processing and filtering reconstruction and time frequency.Time-frequency analysis method based on orthogonal wavelet packets applies with extracting component of tooth harmonic of stator current,so it realize indirect measurement of induction motor starting characteristic.
This paper goes on discussing with overall programme’s motor test system and software design, and designs motor test system based on virtual instrument.This paper uses visual digital oscilloscope DSO-2904 which products American company of Link Instrument as data card.Labview is used as software of test system which realize to correspondent with data card DSO-2904 with designing of complete functions and easy operation labview applications and dynamic test on motor parameters.It is proved that the accuracy of software design through simulation experiments which meet expectation.It is indicated that the application of virtual instrument technology fast and effective research modularized and intellectualized motor test system which timely monitor motor running state.
引文
[1]王益全,张炳义.电机测试技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2004,10~54.
[2]武建文,李德成.电机现代测试技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006,11~125.
[3]肖林.基于虚拟仪器的电机自动测试系统研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2006.
[4]黄湘宁.三相异步电机自动测试与控制系统的研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2003.
[5]潘伟峰.基于虚拟仪器技术的异步电机运行工况测试系统的研制[D].重庆:重庆大学,2003.
[6]吴立力.信号采集系统中的数据传输、显示与处理[D].北京:北京工业大学,2001.
[7]应怀樵.卡泰仪器与虚拟仪器技术的现状与发展趋势[J].国外电子测量技术,2000,(2):2~4.
[8]刘君华.现代检测技术与测量系统设计[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1999,275~308.
[9]申忠如.电气测量技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2003,49~72.
[10]吴俊.基于虚拟仪器技术的电机运行测试仪的研制[D].重庆:重庆大学,2004.
[11]秦树人.虚拟仪器——测试仪器从硬件到软件[J].振动、测试与诊断,2000(3):5~7.
[12]石岩.分布式变电站监控系统中的数据采集与处理[J].山东工业大学学报,1998,(4):16~28.
[13]黄义雄.虚拟仪器下的电力参数测试[J].自动化与仪表,1998,(1):12~13.
[14]肖忠祥.数据采集原理[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2001,28~77.
[15] Jenq Y.C. Digital Spectra of Nonuniformly Sampled Signal: Theories and Applications Measuring Close/Aperture Jitter of an A/D System [C]. IEEE.Trans.I. and M. 1990, 39(6): 969-971.
[16]张家生.电机原理与拖动基础[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2006,95~247.
[17]黄建华.小波分析在电机性能自动测试系统中的应用[D].浙江:浙江大学,2000.
[18]邱阿瑞.利用槽谐波频率测量异电动机的转速[J].电测与仪表,1996,4:30～32.
[19]赵亮.基于小波理论的异步电动机起动特性间接测试研究[D].河南:郑州大学,2005.
[20]陈坚.交流电机数学模型及调速系统(第2版)[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1989,49~58.
[21]李颖,朱伯立,张威.Simulink动态系统建模与仿真基础[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004,60~172.
[22]张征平.异步电动机早期故障检测的小波分析方法研究[D].广东:华南理工大学,2002.
[23]胡昌华,李国华,刘涛,周志杰.基于MATLAB6.x的系统分析与设计——小波分析(第二版)[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004,5~25.
[24]胡广书.现代信号处理教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004,239~266.
[25]葛哲学,陈仲生.Matlab时频分析技术及其应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006,236~305.
[26]魏云冰.小波变化在电机故障检测与测试中的应用研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2002.
[27]陈墩.小波分析在电机性能自动测试系统中的应用[D].浙江:浙江大学,2003.
[28] Gi1bert Strang, Wavelets and Dilation Equations: A brief Introduction [J]. SIAM Review , 1989, 31.
[29] V.Wickerhauser, INRIA lectures on wavelet packet algorithms, 1991.
[30]杨福生.小波变换的工程分析与应用[M].科学出版社,1999,29~89.
[31]魏明果.实用小波分析[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2005,78~96.
[32]魏云冰,黄进,黄建华.基于小波包变换的电机测试信号去噪处理[J].电工技术学报,2001,10(5):64~67.
[33]段晨东,李凌均,何正嘉.LabVIEW环境下Mallat正交小波变换快速算法的实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2003,24:115~117.
[34] Mo-Yuan Chow. Guest editorial special section on motor fault detection and diagnosis [C]. IEEE Trans. on industrial electronics, 2000, 47(5): 982-983.
[35] Arthur N, Penman J. Induction machine condition monitoring with higher order spectra [C]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2000, 47(5): 1031-1041.
[36] S.G. Mallat. A Theory for Multiresolution Signal Decomposition:The Wavelet Representation [C]. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 1989, 11(7): 674-693.
[37] L. Eren, M.J. Devaney. Motor Bearing Damage Detection via Wavelet Analysis of the Starting Current Transient [C]. IEEE IMTC, 2001, (3): 1797-1800.
[38] Daubechies I, The Wavelets Transform, Time-frequency Localization and Signal Analysis [C]. IEEE Trans. IT, 1990, 36(5): 961-1005.
[39] Nielesen N.H, Wickerhauser M.V, Wavelets and Time-frequency Analysis [C]. Proceeding of the IEEE, 1996, (84): 523-540.
[40]刘君华.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003,9~52.
[41]应怀樵.虚拟仪器与计算机采集测试分析仪器的发展和展望[J].测控技术,2002,19(8):4~6.
[42] H.J.W. Spoelder. Virtual Instrumentation and Virtual Environments [C]. IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Magazine, 1999, 2(3): 14-19.
[43]杨乐平.LabVIEW程序设计与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2001,293~246.
[44]杨乐平.LabVIEW高级程序设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003,286~359.
[45]戴敬.LabVIEW基础教程[M].北京:国防工业大学出版社,2002,237~316.
[46] Bitter, Rick, etal. LabVIEW Advanced Programming Techniques [M]. Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2001, 69-87.
[47] Hoja, Jerzy, Lentka, Grzegorz. Virtual instrument using bilinear transformation for parameter identification of impedance objects [J]. Measurement Science & Technology, 2003, 15(3): 54-61.
[48]黄艳岩,杨孝鹏,陈乐.LabVIEW中调用DLL实现PC-6313接口卡的数据采集[J].仪器仪表与分析监测,2004(2):13~15.
[49]金昊,高焕文,柯冬香.如何实现基于PC的数据采集与控制系统[J].电子与自动化,1998,(5):3~6.
[50]王璟瑞.基于虚拟仪器的自动测试系统开发方法的研究[D].四川:四川大学,2005.
[51] Liu Ya. The formation techniques of the virtual instrumentation [J]. Computer Automated Measurement and Control, 1997, (3): 40-43.
[2]武建文,李德成.电机现代测试技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006,11~125.
[3]肖林.基于虚拟仪器的电机自动测试系统研究[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2006.
[4]黄湘宁.三相异步电机自动测试与控制系统的研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2003.
[5]潘伟峰.基于虚拟仪器技术的异步电机运行工况测试系统的研制[D].重庆:重庆大学,2003.
[6]吴立力.信号采集系统中的数据传输、显示与处理[D].北京:北京工业大学,2001.
[7]应怀樵.卡泰仪器与虚拟仪器技术的现状与发展趋势[J].国外电子测量技术,2000,(2):2~4.
[8]刘君华.现代检测技术与测量系统设计[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,1999,275~308.
[9]申忠如.电气测量技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2003,49~72.
[10]吴俊.基于虚拟仪器技术的电机运行测试仪的研制[D].重庆:重庆大学,2004.
[11]秦树人.虚拟仪器——测试仪器从硬件到软件[J].振动、测试与诊断,2000(3):5~7.
[12]石岩.分布式变电站监控系统中的数据采集与处理[J].山东工业大学学报,1998,(4):16~28.
[13]黄义雄.虚拟仪器下的电力参数测试[J].自动化与仪表,1998,(1):12~13.
[14]肖忠祥.数据采集原理[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2001,28~77.
[15] Jenq Y.C. Digital Spectra of Nonuniformly Sampled Signal: Theories and Applications Measuring Close/Aperture Jitter of an A/D System [C]. IEEE.Trans.I. and M. 1990, 39(6): 969-971.
[16]张家生.电机原理与拖动基础[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2006,95~247.
[17]黄建华.小波分析在电机性能自动测试系统中的应用[D].浙江:浙江大学,2000.
[18]邱阿瑞.利用槽谐波频率测量异电动机的转速[J].电测与仪表,1996,4:30～32.
[19]赵亮.基于小波理论的异步电动机起动特性间接测试研究[D].河南:郑州大学,2005.
[20]陈坚.交流电机数学模型及调速系统(第2版)[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1989,49~58.
[21]李颖,朱伯立,张威.Simulink动态系统建模与仿真基础[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004,60~172.
[22]张征平.异步电动机早期故障检测的小波分析方法研究[D].广东:华南理工大学,2002.
[23]胡昌华,李国华,刘涛,周志杰.基于MATLAB6.x的系统分析与设计——小波分析(第二版)[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004,5~25.
[24]胡广书.现代信号处理教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004,239~266.
[25]葛哲学,陈仲生.Matlab时频分析技术及其应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006,236~305.
[26]魏云冰.小波变化在电机故障检测与测试中的应用研究[D].浙江:浙江大学,2002.
[27]陈墩.小波分析在电机性能自动测试系统中的应用[D].浙江:浙江大学,2003.
[28] Gi1bert Strang, Wavelets and Dilation Equations: A brief Introduction [J]. SIAM Review , 1989, 31.
[29] V.Wickerhauser, INRIA lectures on wavelet packet algorithms, 1991.
[30]杨福生.小波变换的工程分析与应用[M].科学出版社,1999,29~89.
[31]魏明果.实用小波分析[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2005,78~96.
[32]魏云冰,黄进,黄建华.基于小波包变换的电机测试信号去噪处理[J].电工技术学报,2001,10(5):64~67.
[33]段晨东,李凌均,何正嘉.LabVIEW环境下Mallat正交小波变换快速算法的实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2003,24:115~117.
[34] Mo-Yuan Chow. Guest editorial special section on motor fault detection and diagnosis [C]. IEEE Trans. on industrial electronics, 2000, 47(5): 982-983.
[35] Arthur N, Penman J. Induction machine condition monitoring with higher order spectra [C]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2000, 47(5): 1031-1041.
[36] S.G. Mallat. A Theory for Multiresolution Signal Decomposition:The Wavelet Representation [C]. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 1989, 11(7): 674-693.
[37] L. Eren, M.J. Devaney. Motor Bearing Damage Detection via Wavelet Analysis of the Starting Current Transient [C]. IEEE IMTC, 2001, (3): 1797-1800.
[38] Daubechies I, The Wavelets Transform, Time-frequency Localization and Signal Analysis [C]. IEEE Trans. IT, 1990, 36(5): 961-1005.
[39] Nielesen N.H, Wickerhauser M.V, Wavelets and Time-frequency Analysis [C]. Proceeding of the IEEE, 1996, (84): 523-540.
[40]刘君华.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器设计[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003,9~52.
[41]应怀樵.虚拟仪器与计算机采集测试分析仪器的发展和展望[J].测控技术,2002,19(8):4~6.
[42] H.J.W. Spoelder. Virtual Instrumentation and Virtual Environments [C]. IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Magazine, 1999, 2(3): 14-19.
[43]杨乐平.LabVIEW程序设计与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2001,293~246.
[44]杨乐平.LabVIEW高级程序设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003,286~359.
[45]戴敬.LabVIEW基础教程[M].北京:国防工业大学出版社,2002,237~316.
[46] Bitter, Rick, etal. LabVIEW Advanced Programming Techniques [M]. Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2001, 69-87.
[47] Hoja, Jerzy, Lentka, Grzegorz. Virtual instrument using bilinear transformation for parameter identification of impedance objects [J]. Measurement Science & Technology, 2003, 15(3): 54-61.
[48]黄艳岩,杨孝鹏,陈乐.LabVIEW中调用DLL实现PC-6313接口卡的数据采集[J].仪器仪表与分析监测,2004(2):13~15.
[49]金昊,高焕文,柯冬香.如何实现基于PC的数据采集与控制系统[J].电子与自动化,1998,(5):3~6.
[50]王璟瑞.基于虚拟仪器的自动测试系统开发方法的研究[D].四川:四川大学,2005.
[51] Liu Ya. The formation techniques of the virtual instrumentation [J]. Computer Automated Measurement and Control, 1997, (3): 40-43.