一种高压电能计量装置研制
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摘要
传统的电能计量系统由于原理上或者工艺上的缺陷,存在种种不足之处,计量误差较大。本文分析了当前国内外电能计量装置及相关技术发展现状,研究设计了一种新型的适合高压环境使用的高精度全电子式多功能电能计量装置。全电子式电能计量装置计量准确、结构紧凑、成本低,并且能够实现电量的分时计量,对电网运行情况进行实时监控,可以有效提高电能利用的合理性、缓解电力供需矛盾、防止窃电行为的发生。
文章首先分析了交流电参量测量原理与电子式电能计量装置的基本工作原理,然后在此基础上详细阐述了电子式多功能电能计量装置的软硬件设计及其实现。系统的硬件设计采用MCU(微控制器)结合ASIC (能量采集芯片)的方式,在此硬件平台的基础上采用模块化的软件设计方法实现了电流电压有效值测量、有功和无功能量分时计量、异常检测及记录等功能。系统在设计时综合考虑功能、功耗、成本等因素,使用由印刷电路板制成的Rogowski线圈电流互感器来对电流进行转换;选用美国Microchip公司的高性能8位单片机PIC16F877作为主控芯片实现对数据的处理;而电能计量芯片则采用ADI公司新推出的电能采集芯片ADE7753。以此搭建出系统的硬件电路实验平台,通过编程完成MCU与计量芯片之间的SPI接口通信,实现了电能的分时计量与存储显示。文章的最后,对系统的抗干扰设计和数字化校准进行了探讨。
本课题的研究为电能计量和电力系统自动化管理提供了新的选择,具有显著的经济效益和一定的市场前景。
Because of the flaw in the principle or the technology, traditional electric energy measuring device has all sorts of deficiencies, and the measuring error is big. This article has analyzed the current development state of electric energy measuring device and the correlative technique in domestic and foreign, has designed a new kind of electronic multi-function electric energy measuring device, which is fit for high-voltage condition. The electronic electric energy measuring device is accurate in the measuring, compact in the structure, low in the cost, and can realize the time sharing measuring of the quantity of electricity, monitor the electric network function in real-time; can enhance the rationality of the utilization of electric energy, abate the contradiction of supply and demand of the electric power, prevent the occurrence of stealing the electricity effectively.
This article first introduces the measuring principle of alternating current parameter and the operating principle of the electric energy measuring device, and then elaborates the hardware and software design and implementations of the electronic multi-function electric energy measuring device. The hardware use MCU and ASIC, on that function, we utilize modularization method to realize the root mean square value of voltage and current , the time sharing measuring of active power and reactive power, anomaly detection and recording, etc. Considering the factors of function, power consumption and cost, the system uses PCB Rogowski air-core coil to transform current, advanced eight-bite MCU PIC16F877 with SPI interface of Microchip company to deal with the data, while measurement IC uses the new energy measurement IC ADE7753 of ADI company. Based on this, author builds experimental hardware platform, has realized the SPI communication between MCU and energy measurement IC by programming, and the time sharing measuring, displaying, storage of the quantity of electricity. In final, the article discusses the system's anti-interference and the digitized calibration.
This topic's research has provided a new choice for the electric energy measuring and the electrical power system automatic management, and has remarkable economic efficiency and broad market prospect.
文章首先分析了交流电参量测量原理与电子式电能计量装置的基本工作原理,然后在此基础上详细阐述了电子式多功能电能计量装置的软硬件设计及其实现。系统的硬件设计采用MCU(微控制器)结合ASIC (能量采集芯片)的方式,在此硬件平台的基础上采用模块化的软件设计方法实现了电流电压有效值测量、有功和无功能量分时计量、异常检测及记录等功能。系统在设计时综合考虑功能、功耗、成本等因素,使用由印刷电路板制成的Rogowski线圈电流互感器来对电流进行转换;选用美国Microchip公司的高性能8位单片机PIC16F877作为主控芯片实现对数据的处理;而电能计量芯片则采用ADI公司新推出的电能采集芯片ADE7753。以此搭建出系统的硬件电路实验平台,通过编程完成MCU与计量芯片之间的SPI接口通信,实现了电能的分时计量与存储显示。文章的最后,对系统的抗干扰设计和数字化校准进行了探讨。
本课题的研究为电能计量和电力系统自动化管理提供了新的选择,具有显著的经济效益和一定的市场前景。
Because of the flaw in the principle or the technology, traditional electric energy measuring device has all sorts of deficiencies, and the measuring error is big. This article has analyzed the current development state of electric energy measuring device and the correlative technique in domestic and foreign, has designed a new kind of electronic multi-function electric energy measuring device, which is fit for high-voltage condition. The electronic electric energy measuring device is accurate in the measuring, compact in the structure, low in the cost, and can realize the time sharing measuring of the quantity of electricity, monitor the electric network function in real-time; can enhance the rationality of the utilization of electric energy, abate the contradiction of supply and demand of the electric power, prevent the occurrence of stealing the electricity effectively.
This article first introduces the measuring principle of alternating current parameter and the operating principle of the electric energy measuring device, and then elaborates the hardware and software design and implementations of the electronic multi-function electric energy measuring device. The hardware use MCU and ASIC, on that function, we utilize modularization method to realize the root mean square value of voltage and current , the time sharing measuring of active power and reactive power, anomaly detection and recording, etc. Considering the factors of function, power consumption and cost, the system uses PCB Rogowski air-core coil to transform current, advanced eight-bite MCU PIC16F877 with SPI interface of Microchip company to deal with the data, while measurement IC uses the new energy measurement IC ADE7753 of ADI company. Based on this, author builds experimental hardware platform, has realized the SPI communication between MCU and energy measurement IC by programming, and the time sharing measuring, displaying, storage of the quantity of electricity. In final, the article discusses the system's anti-interference and the digitized calibration.
This topic's research has provided a new choice for the electric energy measuring and the electrical power system automatic management, and has remarkable economic efficiency and broad market prospect.
引文
[1]万全.新型多用户电子式电能表的研究与设计[D],长沙:湖南大学,2003
[2]孙振权,张文元.电子式电路互感器研发现状与应用前景[J].High Voltage Apparatus, 2004,40(5):376-378
[3]张兴旺.基于Rogowski线圈传感的有源式电流互感器的研究,南昌:南昌工程学院学报,2007,2
[4]郭志忠.电子式电流互感器研究评述[J].继电器,2005,33(14): 11-14
[5]陈学珍.用ADE7753计量电能有功功率.电器时代,2003,(12): 104
[6]颜重光.多费率全电子数字电能表电路ADE7753.电子元器件应用,2003.5(3): 32-34
[7] Chia-Lin Yang. Software-Controlled Cache Architecture for Energy Efficiency [J],IEEE Transaction on Circuits & Systems for Video Technology, May 2005,15(5):634-644
[8] Pejic Dragan, Vujicic Vladimir.Accuracy Limit of High-Precision Stochastic Watt-Hour Meter[J], IEEE Transaction on Instrumentation & Measurement,Jun2000,49(3):617-620
[9] Daniel W.lewis. Fundamentals of embedded software where C and Assembly meet[M], USA: Pearon
[10]曾乃鸿.电子式电度表应用现状和展望.电测与仪表. 2001,(8): 5-6
[11]苏淑霞.多功能电量在线检测仪的研制.西安:西安交通大学学报, 2001
[12]吴安岚.电能计量基础及新技术[M],北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.5,1-19;53-60
[13]黄伟.电能计量基础[M],北京:中国电力出版社,2004.7,1-7,42-61
[14] Bizjak Uros, Strle Drago. IEC class 0.5 electronic watt-hour meter implemented with first-order sigma-delta converters[J], International Journal of Electronics & Communicatins, Dec2005,59(8):447-453
[15] Durante Larry G, Ghosh Prasanta K. Active Power Measurement in Nonsinusoidal Environments [J], IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, Aug2000, 15(3): 1142-1147.
[16] R.S. Tugel. Digital Wattmeter Using a Sampling Method. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.1 974;Vol.IM 23(4 ):337-341
[17] Michael F. Matouka. A wide-range Digital Power/Energy Meter for System with Nonsinusodial Waveforms. IEEE Trans. On Industrial Electronics.1982, No.1 , 18-31
[18] Durante LarryG, Ghosh Prasanta K. Active Power Measurement in NonsinusoidalEnvironments [J], IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Aug2000,15(3):1142-1147
[19] Milkovic, Miran. A polyphase microelectronic watt-hour meter [J], International Journal of Electronics. Mar l 999,48(3):257-261
[20]汪国林.基于MSP430的数字电能表的设计技术研究(博士学位论文)[D],合肥:合肥工业大学,20004
[21]李峰.电子式电能表的结构及误差分析,仪器仪表标准化与计量,2006,4:29
[22]王翠青.电子式多功能电能表功能板的设计与实现(硕士学位论文),沈阳:东北大学,2005
[23]孙晓东. 0.2s级三相电子式多功能电能表的设计(硕士学位论文),哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2003
[24]郭晓华. Rogowski线圈的理论分析及有源光电电流互感器研究(博士学位论文)[D].华中科技大学, 2000
[25]周有庆,刘琨,吴桂清,彭红海.基于Rogowski线圈电子式电流互感器的研究.电气应用,2006.(25):6
[26]陈学珍.用ADE7753计量电能有功功率.电器时代, 2003, (12): 104
[27]颜重光.多费率全电子数字电能表电路ADE7753.电子元器件应用,2003.5(3): 32- 34.
[28]江月成.智能型电子电能表的研制与开发(硕士学位论文).西北工业大学,2002
[29]郑东海.新型三相复费率网络化多功能电能表的研究(硕士学位论文),哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2005
[30]孙建国. CPU智能卡预付费单相电能表系统的研究与设计(硕士学位论文),武汉:华中科技大学,2005
[31]颜重光.数字复费率电能表芯片ADE7753.电子产品世界.2002(7)
[32]李学海. PIC单片机实用敎程—基础篇,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2002
[33]李学海. PIC单片机实用敎程—提高篇,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2002
[34]李学海. PIC单片机实践,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[35]李荣正,刘启中,陈学军. PIC单片机原理及应用,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2006
[36] Microchip. PIC16F87X Data Sheet.1999
[37] Microchip. MPLAB IDE, Simulator, Editor User’s Guide.1998
[38] Microchip. MPLAB-ICD User’s Guide.1999
[39] Analog Devices. ADE7753 Data Sheet.2003
[40] DALLS Semiconductor. DS1302 Data Sheet.2007
[41] SMC1602ALCM Data Sheet. Available from http://datasheet.ednchina.com/SMC1602/Search.aspx?page=1
[42]李学海.带有RAM的实时时钟集成电路DS1302.实用无线电,1997(4)
[43]江思敏. PCB和电磁兼容设计,北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[44] Analog Devices. ADE7753_calibration Data Sheet.2003
[45]李之彬,张志文,王立新.电能表批量检定中的以源检表技术.电测与仪表.1996, (4):3-6
[46]黄效艳,王浩,乔和临.电能表的现场校验及应注意的问题,山西电力.2004,(1):36 -37
[2]孙振权,张文元.电子式电路互感器研发现状与应用前景[J].High Voltage Apparatus, 2004,40(5):376-378
[3]张兴旺.基于Rogowski线圈传感的有源式电流互感器的研究,南昌:南昌工程学院学报,2007,2
[4]郭志忠.电子式电流互感器研究评述[J].继电器,2005,33(14): 11-14
[5]陈学珍.用ADE7753计量电能有功功率.电器时代,2003,(12): 104
[6]颜重光.多费率全电子数字电能表电路ADE7753.电子元器件应用,2003.5(3): 32-34
[7] Chia-Lin Yang. Software-Controlled Cache Architecture for Energy Efficiency [J],IEEE Transaction on Circuits & Systems for Video Technology, May 2005,15(5):634-644
[8] Pejic Dragan, Vujicic Vladimir.Accuracy Limit of High-Precision Stochastic Watt-Hour Meter[J], IEEE Transaction on Instrumentation & Measurement,Jun2000,49(3):617-620
[9] Daniel W.lewis. Fundamentals of embedded software where C and Assembly meet[M], USA: Pearon
[10]曾乃鸿.电子式电度表应用现状和展望.电测与仪表. 2001,(8): 5-6
[11]苏淑霞.多功能电量在线检测仪的研制.西安:西安交通大学学报, 2001
[12]吴安岚.电能计量基础及新技术[M],北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.5,1-19;53-60
[13]黄伟.电能计量基础[M],北京:中国电力出版社,2004.7,1-7,42-61
[14] Bizjak Uros, Strle Drago. IEC class 0.5 electronic watt-hour meter implemented with first-order sigma-delta converters[J], International Journal of Electronics & Communicatins, Dec2005,59(8):447-453
[15] Durante Larry G, Ghosh Prasanta K. Active Power Measurement in Nonsinusoidal Environments [J], IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, Aug2000, 15(3): 1142-1147.
[16] R.S. Tugel. Digital Wattmeter Using a Sampling Method. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.1 974;Vol.IM 23(4 ):337-341
[17] Michael F. Matouka. A wide-range Digital Power/Energy Meter for System with Nonsinusodial Waveforms. IEEE Trans. On Industrial Electronics.1982, No.1 , 18-31
[18] Durante LarryG, Ghosh Prasanta K. Active Power Measurement in NonsinusoidalEnvironments [J], IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Aug2000,15(3):1142-1147
[19] Milkovic, Miran. A polyphase microelectronic watt-hour meter [J], International Journal of Electronics. Mar l 999,48(3):257-261
[20]汪国林.基于MSP430的数字电能表的设计技术研究(博士学位论文)[D],合肥:合肥工业大学,20004
[21]李峰.电子式电能表的结构及误差分析,仪器仪表标准化与计量,2006,4:29
[22]王翠青.电子式多功能电能表功能板的设计与实现(硕士学位论文),沈阳:东北大学,2005
[23]孙晓东. 0.2s级三相电子式多功能电能表的设计(硕士学位论文),哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2003
[24]郭晓华. Rogowski线圈的理论分析及有源光电电流互感器研究(博士学位论文)[D].华中科技大学, 2000
[25]周有庆,刘琨,吴桂清,彭红海.基于Rogowski线圈电子式电流互感器的研究.电气应用,2006.(25):6
[26]陈学珍.用ADE7753计量电能有功功率.电器时代, 2003, (12): 104
[27]颜重光.多费率全电子数字电能表电路ADE7753.电子元器件应用,2003.5(3): 32- 34.
[28]江月成.智能型电子电能表的研制与开发(硕士学位论文).西北工业大学,2002
[29]郑东海.新型三相复费率网络化多功能电能表的研究(硕士学位论文),哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2005
[30]孙建国. CPU智能卡预付费单相电能表系统的研究与设计(硕士学位论文),武汉:华中科技大学,2005
[31]颜重光.数字复费率电能表芯片ADE7753.电子产品世界.2002(7)
[32]李学海. PIC单片机实用敎程—基础篇,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2002
[33]李学海. PIC单片机实用敎程—提高篇,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2002
[34]李学海. PIC单片机实践,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[35]李荣正,刘启中,陈学军. PIC单片机原理及应用,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2006
[36] Microchip. PIC16F87X Data Sheet.1999
[37] Microchip. MPLAB IDE, Simulator, Editor User’s Guide.1998
[38] Microchip. MPLAB-ICD User’s Guide.1999
[39] Analog Devices. ADE7753 Data Sheet.2003
[40] DALLS Semiconductor. DS1302 Data Sheet.2007
[41] SMC1602ALCM Data Sheet. Available from http://datasheet.ednchina.com/SMC1602/Search.aspx?page=1
[42]李学海.带有RAM的实时时钟集成电路DS1302.实用无线电,1997(4)
[43]江思敏. PCB和电磁兼容设计,北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[44] Analog Devices. ADE7753_calibration Data Sheet.2003
[45]李之彬,张志文,王立新.电能表批量检定中的以源检表技术.电测与仪表.1996, (4):3-6
[46]黄效艳,王浩,乔和临.电能表的现场校验及应注意的问题,山西电力.2004,(1):36 -37