紫外激发荧光光纤温度计的研究
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摘要
论文研究了一种通过检测荧光强度来实现温度测量的双光路荧光光纤温度计，该系统可以嵌入被测物体中实现温度检测。这种测温方法运用改进的双光路补偿技术提高了荧光光纤温度计的测量精度和重复性。能可靠地应用于微波、高压、大电流等具有强电磁场干扰的环境。
论文在大量查阅相关文献的基础上，首先从理论上对荧光光纤温度传感器的测温原理进行了较详细的阐述，对系统所选用紫外光源及荧光材料的温度特性进行了系统的研究。通过比较论证为系统选出了最佳的紫外光源及荧光材料，建立了双光路传感器的数学模型。针对目前荧光光纤温度传感器在实用化过程中遇到的重复性差的问题，分析了造成光纤测温系统重复性差的扰动因素，在比较了几种具有代表性的解决光路扰动的补偿方法的基础上，提出了一种改进的双光路补偿方法——恒温差分方法来克服系统中可能存在的光路和其它原因引起的扰动。文中详细描述了系统光路和电路的组成，围绕提高测温系统的重复性和测温精度这一目的分析了光路中各器件的特性，设计了高速、宽带、低噪声的微弱信号检测电路，针对电路干扰提出了相应的解决办法。利用虚拟仪器开发平台——LabVIEW开发了系统虚拟仪器界面，并在该虚拟仪器界面下实现了数据文件的自动存储与删除，提高了系统处理大量数据的能力和测量精度，完成了温度测量的双光路荧光光纤温度计的原型机研制。
A fluorescence-based optical fiber thermometer with double optic paths is introduced in this thesis. The principle of the sensor is based on fluorescence intensity of materials that monotonously depends on temperature. In the sensor system, an improved double optic paths compensating method is applied to improve accuracy and repeatability. The sensing system not only can be embedded in objects to detect temperature, but also applied reliably to conditions with strong electromagnetic disturbance such as microwave, high voltage and high current.
Based on the investigation of relevant literatures, the principle of fluorescence-based optical fiber thermometer is discussed in charter 2. Then the temperature properties of ultraviolet LED and fluorescent materials are characterized and the most suitable ultraviolet LED and fluorescent material are picked out for the sensing system, and a mathematic model of the sensor is proposed. Facts that exist in the practice sensing system and result in poor repeatability of sensing system are analyzed in details. To solve these problems, several representative compensating methods are compared and a constant temperature difference compensating method is developed. The optical path structure and electric circuit are presented in charter 4 and charter 5. The characteristics of each parts of the system are discussed in detail and a faint current detecting circuit with high speed, wide gap and low noise is developed. In order to reduce the disturbance of electric, relevant resolution is proposed. To enhance the substantive data dealing ability and further improve the measurement accuracy, a virtual instrument developing software is adopted. By using of this tool, the acquired data files automatically saving and deleting is realized in LabVIEW environment. Finally, a prototype setup of fluorescence-based optical fiber thermometer is finished.
论文在大量查阅相关文献的基础上，首先从理论上对荧光光纤温度传感器的测温原理进行了较详细的阐述，对系统所选用紫外光源及荧光材料的温度特性进行了系统的研究。通过比较论证为系统选出了最佳的紫外光源及荧光材料，建立了双光路传感器的数学模型。针对目前荧光光纤温度传感器在实用化过程中遇到的重复性差的问题，分析了造成光纤测温系统重复性差的扰动因素，在比较了几种具有代表性的解决光路扰动的补偿方法的基础上，提出了一种改进的双光路补偿方法——恒温差分方法来克服系统中可能存在的光路和其它原因引起的扰动。文中详细描述了系统光路和电路的组成，围绕提高测温系统的重复性和测温精度这一目的分析了光路中各器件的特性，设计了高速、宽带、低噪声的微弱信号检测电路，针对电路干扰提出了相应的解决办法。利用虚拟仪器开发平台——LabVIEW开发了系统虚拟仪器界面，并在该虚拟仪器界面下实现了数据文件的自动存储与删除，提高了系统处理大量数据的能力和测量精度，完成了温度测量的双光路荧光光纤温度计的原型机研制。
A fluorescence-based optical fiber thermometer with double optic paths is introduced in this thesis. The principle of the sensor is based on fluorescence intensity of materials that monotonously depends on temperature. In the sensor system, an improved double optic paths compensating method is applied to improve accuracy and repeatability. The sensing system not only can be embedded in objects to detect temperature, but also applied reliably to conditions with strong electromagnetic disturbance such as microwave, high voltage and high current.
Based on the investigation of relevant literatures, the principle of fluorescence-based optical fiber thermometer is discussed in charter 2. Then the temperature properties of ultraviolet LED and fluorescent materials are characterized and the most suitable ultraviolet LED and fluorescent material are picked out for the sensing system, and a mathematic model of the sensor is proposed. Facts that exist in the practice sensing system and result in poor repeatability of sensing system are analyzed in details. To solve these problems, several representative compensating methods are compared and a constant temperature difference compensating method is developed. The optical path structure and electric circuit are presented in charter 4 and charter 5. The characteristics of each parts of the system are discussed in detail and a faint current detecting circuit with high speed, wide gap and low noise is developed. In order to reduce the disturbance of electric, relevant resolution is proposed. To enhance the substantive data dealing ability and further improve the measurement accuracy, a virtual instrument developing software is adopted. By using of this tool, the acquired data files automatically saving and deleting is realized in LabVIEW environment. Finally, a prototype setup of fluorescence-based optical fiber thermometer is finished.
引文
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[2] Dakin, J.P.and Kahn, D.A. A novel Fiber Optic Temperature Probe. Opt. Quant. Electron., 1977, 9(1): 540-541.
[3] 陈生尧．双波长光纤温度传感器，1989，12(30)：57-60
[4] 周炳琨，陈家骅，王志海．光纤黑体腔温度传感器，1989，1(12)：24-27
[5] 刘志儒．一种光纤束双色温度传感器，1988，7(5)：34-39
[6] Kevin B, Hilgers, Kaufman I. A fiber Optic Differential Temperature Probe. Fiber Optic and Laser V, SPIE., 1987, 838(1):223-230
[7] Christensen D A, Vaguine. A fiber Optic Temperature Sensor Using Wavelength-dependent Detection. Fiber Optical and Laser Sensor V, SPIE 1987, 838(1):252-256
[8] Michel F Sultan, Michael J O Rourke. Temperature Sensoring by Band Gap Optical Absorption in Semiconductors. SPIEE, 1996, 2839(1): 191-202
[9] Donald G M. Toward Increased Reliability in the Electric Power Industy: Direct Temperature Mea-surement in Transformers Using Fiber Optical Sensors. SPIEE, 1998, 3414(1): 107-111
[10] 曹康敏，施明恒．半导体吸收式光纤温度传感器的研制．传感器技术学报，1999，1(2)：33-36
[11] 王维民，王钰．光吸收式光纤温度传感器的建模与实验研究．燕山大学学报，2001，3(7)：27-30
[12] 张先鹏，高庆吉，郝铭．高速旋转体的光纤温度传感器的实验研究．东北电力学院学报，1998，1(4)：51-54
[13] 肖绍荣．半导体光强反射式光纤温度传感器．光学精密工程，1996，11(4)：63-65
[14] Alberto Alvarez-Herrero, H.Guerrero, T. Belenguer, et al. High-Sensitivity Temperature Sensor Based on Overlay on Side-Polished Fiber. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2000, 12 (8): 1131-1136
[15] Xuyinnkai. Fabrication, Modeling, and Direct Evanescent Field Measurement of Taped Optical Fiber Sensors. Journal of Applied Physics, 1999, 85(7):3361-3365
[16] J.P.Conzen, J.burck, H.J.Ache, Rare Earth Doped Fiber Laser and Amplifiers. Appl.Spectrosc., 1993, 47(6): 753-756
[17] G.L.Klunder, J.Burck, H.J.Ache, R.J.Silva, et al. Chemical and Biochemical Sensing with Optical Fibers and Waveguides. Appl.Spectroc., 1994, 48(3): 387-389
[18] K.T.V.Grattan, T.Sun. Fiber optical sensor technology:Introduction and overview. London :Chapman & Hall, 1999:205-209
[19] 王勇，廖延彪，辛军．实用化双折射式光纤温度传感器系统最佳设计．光学学报，1995，1(4)：51-54
[20] A.N.Starodumov, L.A.Zenteno, D.Monzon, et al. Fiber Sagnac Interferometer Temperature Sensor. Appl.Phys., 1997, 70(1):6-10
[21] J S Leng, A Asundi. Real-time Cure Montitoring of Smart Composite Materials Using Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometer and Fiber Bragg grating Sensors. Smart Mater.Struct., 2002, 20(11):249-255
[22] 曹满婷．Frbry-Perot干涉式光纤温度传感器的研究．传感器技术，2000，1(7)：22-25
[23] Hill K O, Fujii Y, Johnson D C, et al. Photorefrative Gratings in Singe-mode Optical Fibers. Electron.Lett., 1978, 32(7):647-649
[24] Meltz G, Morey W W, Glenn W H. Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors. Proc.SPIE Fiber Optical & Laser Sensors., 1989, 14(11): 1169-1173
[25] Bai-Ou Guan, Hwa-Yan Tam, Xiao-Ming Tao, et al. Simultaneous Strain and Temperature Measurement Using a Superstructure Fiber Bragg Grating. IEEE Photonies Technology Letters, 2000, 12(6 ): 1134-1137
[26] Handerek, V.A. Grattan, K.T.V., et al. Fiber Grating: Principles, Fabrication and Properties. Optical Fiber Sensor Technology, 1998, 12(7): 329-334
[27] V.Bhatia, A.M.Vengsarkar. Optical Fiber Long-period Grating Sensors. Opt.Lett, 1996, 21(9) : 692-694
[28] H.J.Patrick, G.M.Williams, A.D.Kersey, et al. Hybrid Fiber Bragg Grating/Long Period Fiber Orating Sensor for Strain/Temperature Discrimination. IEEE Photon. Lett, 1996, 8(9): 1223-1225
[29] Valery N.Filippov, Andrey N.Starodumov, Vladimir P.Minkovich, et al. Fiber Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Voltage and Temperature. IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, 2000, 12(11): 3365-3369
[30] 金晓丹，廖延彪．一种高精度补偿式双折射型光纤温度传感器系统．中国激光，1996，6(5)：465-469
[31] 吕玲，黄胜龙．一种双折射平衡性光纤温度传感器的研究．激光与红外，1999，12(4)：107-110
[32] Gottlieb M, Brandt G B. Temperature Sensing in Optical Fibers Using Cladding and Jacket Loss Effects. Appl., 1981, 20(22): 3867-3873
[33] Kung A, Budin J, Thevenaz L, et al. Rayliegh Fiber Optics Gyroscope. IEEE
Photonics Technology Letters, 1997, 9(7): 973-975
[34] Pinnow D A, Rich T C, Ostermayer F W, et al. Fundmental Optical Attenuation Limits in the Liquid and Glassy State with Application to Fiber Waveguide Materials. Appl.Phys.Lett., 1973, 22(1):527-529
[35] Dakin J P, Pratt D J. Fiber-optic Distributed Temperature Measurement: A Comparative Study of Techniques. IEEE Digest., 1986, 74(10): 1-4
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