混凝土振动搅拌技术的理论分析及相关装置的研究
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摘要
混凝土是当今最大宗的建筑材料，广泛地用于工业、农业、交通、国防、水利、市政和民用等基本建设工程中，在国民经济中占有重要地位。搅拌设备是生产混凝土的必需设备，且在各组成材料和配合比一定的情况下，混凝土的质量在很大程度上取决于搅拌设备的性能和水平。可见，对混凝土生产过程中的搅拌设备进行研究是一个具有理论和实际意义的重要课题。
针对普通搅拌的缺陷及其局限性，本文概述了将振动技术运用于混凝土生产的优势及其发展概况，并针对振动在混凝土生产的不同阶段所起的作用不同提出了三种不同的振动加工工艺。
在对前人关于振动搅拌研究的学习中，以及对混凝土的形成过程中物料的运动规律和搅拌机工作机构与混合料的相互作用的关系的分析基础上，本文提出了新拌混凝土的宏观均匀及微观均匀的明确意义，指出了前人对完成其的两种运动方式定义的不同之处。
由于前人在对振动运用于搅拌的意义的研究，都仅仅局限于经验及实验数据上的情况，本文利用了MATLAB语言对其实验数据进行了线性拟合，分析振动对新拌混凝土宏观均匀与微观均匀的影响和意义。本文在对振动量大小与混凝土微观均匀的衡量标准的抗压强度大小之间的关系的研究过程中，发现并提出了混凝土生产当中的拌合用水用水量大小是决定所需振动量大小的关键的观点。
本文作者根据自己对振动搅拌的认识，对现有国内外的振动搅拌设备进行了不同以往的分类说明，分析了物料在强制搅拌作用下产生的物料循环轨迹，并在此基础上，提出了在物料循环轨迹处增设激振器的构想。
文章最后指出了今后需要改进和进一步研究的内容和方向。
As the most staple building material presently, cement concrete has been used widely in the base construction, just as industry, agriculture, transit systems, irrigation works, civil and civilian facility. That's because it is essential for the development and progress of commerce and industry in all countries. Mixing equipment just is the necessity of producing cement concrete, and when the essential materials and mixing proportion are determined, the quality of concrete depends largely on the performance and level of mixing equipment. So, the study and analysis of mixing equipment, which is used in the process of producing concrete, is an important and having academic and practical thesis.
In view of the flaw and limitation of ordinary mixer, the application of vibration technology, into the concrete production, is summarized , and the working craft of vibration in the different stages of that is put forward.
On the basis of the study of others about vibratory mixer and the analysis about the movement of materials and the interaction of mixer and materials, the clearer meanings of concrete's macroscopic uniform density and microscopic uniform density is presented, the mistake of others' concept about the two motions is corrected and its mathematics significance is pointed out.
As the previous study of the significance about vibration used into concrete mixing is only limited on the experience and the experimental data, the linear fitting of experimental data is made by using MATLAB language. Then, the impact and significance that of vibration and fresh concrete's microscopic uniform density is analyzed.
In the process of studying the relation between vibration and the compressive strength which is the standards of concrete microscopic uniform density, which, the water volume needed in the concrete production is the key of the size of vibration, is discovered and presented.
According to the understanding about vibratory mixer of the author, the classified explanation different the former about the existing domestic and foreign vibratory mixers is presented, the material circulation produced by the forced mixing is analyzed and the concept about the vibrator setting at the material circulation is presented.
Finally, this paper points out the direction of this study in the future.
针对普通搅拌的缺陷及其局限性，本文概述了将振动技术运用于混凝土生产的优势及其发展概况，并针对振动在混凝土生产的不同阶段所起的作用不同提出了三种不同的振动加工工艺。
在对前人关于振动搅拌研究的学习中，以及对混凝土的形成过程中物料的运动规律和搅拌机工作机构与混合料的相互作用的关系的分析基础上，本文提出了新拌混凝土的宏观均匀及微观均匀的明确意义，指出了前人对完成其的两种运动方式定义的不同之处。
由于前人在对振动运用于搅拌的意义的研究，都仅仅局限于经验及实验数据上的情况，本文利用了MATLAB语言对其实验数据进行了线性拟合，分析振动对新拌混凝土宏观均匀与微观均匀的影响和意义。本文在对振动量大小与混凝土微观均匀的衡量标准的抗压强度大小之间的关系的研究过程中，发现并提出了混凝土生产当中的拌合用水用水量大小是决定所需振动量大小的关键的观点。
本文作者根据自己对振动搅拌的认识，对现有国内外的振动搅拌设备进行了不同以往的分类说明，分析了物料在强制搅拌作用下产生的物料循环轨迹，并在此基础上，提出了在物料循环轨迹处增设激振器的构想。
文章最后指出了今后需要改进和进一步研究的内容和方向。
As the most staple building material presently, cement concrete has been used widely in the base construction, just as industry, agriculture, transit systems, irrigation works, civil and civilian facility. That's because it is essential for the development and progress of commerce and industry in all countries. Mixing equipment just is the necessity of producing cement concrete, and when the essential materials and mixing proportion are determined, the quality of concrete depends largely on the performance and level of mixing equipment. So, the study and analysis of mixing equipment, which is used in the process of producing concrete, is an important and having academic and practical thesis.
In view of the flaw and limitation of ordinary mixer, the application of vibration technology, into the concrete production, is summarized , and the working craft of vibration in the different stages of that is put forward.
On the basis of the study of others about vibratory mixer and the analysis about the movement of materials and the interaction of mixer and materials, the clearer meanings of concrete's macroscopic uniform density and microscopic uniform density is presented, the mistake of others' concept about the two motions is corrected and its mathematics significance is pointed out.
As the previous study of the significance about vibration used into concrete mixing is only limited on the experience and the experimental data, the linear fitting of experimental data is made by using MATLAB language. Then, the impact and significance that of vibration and fresh concrete's microscopic uniform density is analyzed.
In the process of studying the relation between vibration and the compressive strength which is the standards of concrete microscopic uniform density, which, the water volume needed in the concrete production is the key of the size of vibration, is discovered and presented.
According to the understanding about vibratory mixer of the author, the classified explanation different the former about the existing domestic and foreign vibratory mixers is presented, the material circulation produced by the forced mixing is analyzed and the concept about the vibrator setting at the material circulation is presented.
Finally, this paper points out the direction of this study in the future.
引文
[1] 冯乃谦主编．新实用混凝土大全．北京：科学出版社．2005
[2] 冯忠绪．工程机械理论[M]．北京：人民交通出版社，2003
[3] 韩式方．非牛顿流体本构方程和计算解析理论．北京：科学出版社．2000
[4] 日本数学会编．数学百科辞典．科学出版社
[5] 冯忠绪．混凝土搅拌理论及设备[M]．北京：人民交通出版社，2002
[6] 冯忠绪，赵利军，杜占领．新型振动搅拌装置的实验研究．中国公路学报，2005，4
[7] 于丽娟．连续式振动搅拌机的实验研究[D]．西安：西安公路交通大学，1997
[8] 闻邦椿．赵春雨，苏东海，熊万里．机械系统的振动同步与控制同步．北京：科学出版社，2003
[9] 闻邦椿．刘树英等．振动机械的理论与动态设计方法．北京：机械工业出版社，2001
[10] 段志善．振动利用技术的若干研究与进展．西安：陕西科学技术出版社，2003．9
[11] 王华生，赵慧如．混凝土工程便携手册．北京：机械工业出版社，2005．10
[12] 闻邦椿，李以农，张义民，宋占伟．振动利用工程．北京：科学出版社，2005
[13] 龙运佳．混沌振动研究方法与实践．清华大学出版社，1997
[14] 冯忠绪，崔建飞．水泥混凝土生产的强化技术[J]．西安公路交通度学学报，1998，18(4)：79-82．
[15] 冯忠绪，汪建卫，于丽娟．振动搅拌理论及其装置的实验研究[J]．中国公路学报，1999，12(3)：122-126
[16] 汪建卫．周期式振动搅拌机的实验研究[D]．西安：西安公路交通大学，1998
[17] 杜占领．双卧轴振动搅拌机的实验研究[D]．西安：西安长安大学，2003
[18] 冯忠绪，张海军，董武，赵利军．两种振动搅拌方案的对比．建筑机械学报，2005，7
[19] 冯忠绪．姚录廷．搅拌设备设计．西安：西安公路交通大学，2005
[20] 冯忠绪，赵利军．智能化搅拌设备．长安大学学报 (自然科学版)，2004，11
[21] 肖刚．振动搅拌技术在混凝土生产中的应用．产品技术学报，2000
[22] 冯忠绪，于丽娟，汪建卫，崔健飞．振动搅拌的实验．学术研究，2000
[23] 冯忠绪，汪建卫，于丽娟．振动搅拌理论及其装置的实验研究．中国公路学报，1999
[24] 赵利军，李菲．振动搅拌方案的比较．建筑机械学报，2001，7
[25] 赵利军．双卧轴搅拌机参数优化及其试验研究．长安大学硕士论文一2002．6
[26] 冯忠绪．仿真设计与模型试验．陕西：陕西科学技术出版社．1997．10
[27] 邓键．张衡武．中国建筑科学研究院机械化研究所．卧轴式混凝土搅拌机．
[28] 同济大学等合编．起重运输机械及混凝土制品机械．北京：中国建筑工业岀版社．1982．7
[29] 吴科如、张雄．建筑材料 (第二版)．上海：同济大学出版社．1999
[30] 方圆集团、山东建筑工程学院编著．建筑机械设计制造与应用．北京：人民交通出版社．2001
[31] Mohammad Ibrahim Safawi, Ichiro Iwaki, Takashi Miura. A study on the applicability of vibration in fresh high fluidity concrete. Coment and Concrete Rescearch 35(2005) 1834-1845, 2004
[32] Xuli Fu and D.D.L.Chung. VIBRATION DAMPING ADMIXTURES FOR CEMENT. Coment and Conerete Rescearch, 1995
[33] Ping-Kun Chang,Yaw-Nan Peng. Influence of mixing techniques on properties of high performance concrete. Cement and Concrete Research. 2001, Vol.31
[34] Klimenko. Vibrational mixing of highly dispersed powders. Glass and Ceramics. 1990, Vol.46No.7-8
[35] Vandanjon P.-O., De Larrard F., Dehousse B., Villain G., Maillot R., Laplante P 二 Homogenisation of concrete in a batch plant: The influence of mixing time and method on the introduction of mineral admixtures. Magazine of Concrete Research. 2003, Vol.55 No.2
[36] Saeed, Khalaf, Rejeb. IMPROVING COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE BY A TWO-STEP MIXING METHOD.Cement and Concrete Research. 1996 } Vol.26 No.4
[37] M.K.Lee, B.LGBarr. Strength and fracture properties of industrially prepared steel fibre reinforced concrete. Cement&Concrete Composites. 2003,Vol.25
[38] 廖传华，顾国亮，袁连山．工业化学过程与计算．北京：化学工业出版社．2005．6
[39] 陈志平，章序文，林兴华等．搅拌与混合设备设计选用手册．北京：化学工业出版社．2004．4
[40] 中国建材研究院水泥所编著．水泥性能及其检验．中国建材工业出版社．1994．7
[41] 隋同波，文寨军，王晶．水泥品种与性能．北京：化学工业出版社．2006
[42] Walter F.Silva-araya, Oladis T.De Rincon, Luis Pumarada O'Neill. Repair and Rehabilitation of Reinforces Concrete Structures: The State of the Art. Materials Engineering Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers, April 28-May 1 1997
[43] (美) 施皮格儿 (Spiegel.L) Reinforced Concrete Design.---影印本．北京：清华大学出版社．2005．1
[45] 洪雷．混凝土性能及新型混凝士技术．大连：大连理工大学出版社．2005．4
[46] [法] 弗朗索瓦·德拉拉尔著，廖欣，叶枝荣，李启令译．混凝土混合料的配合．北京：化学工业出版社．2004．6
[47] 龚铁凭编译．国外混凝土机械．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．1983
[48] 任安禄．不可压缩粘性流场计算方法．北京：国防工业出版社．2003．4
[49] 章梓雄，董曾南．粘性流体力学．北京：清华大学出版社．1998．4
[51] Jamal Mohannned Saled 著，邓郭夏译．流体流动手册．北京：中国石化出版社．2004
[53] 赵选民，徐伟，师义民，秦超英．数理统计．北京：科学出版社．2002
[54] 张奕，郭恩震．传热学．南京：东南大学出版社．2004．2
[55] 胡隐樵．大气热力动力学导论．北京：地质出版社．200．9
[2] 冯忠绪．工程机械理论[M]．北京：人民交通出版社，2003
[3] 韩式方．非牛顿流体本构方程和计算解析理论．北京：科学出版社．2000
[4] 日本数学会编．数学百科辞典．科学出版社
[5] 冯忠绪．混凝土搅拌理论及设备[M]．北京：人民交通出版社，2002
[6] 冯忠绪，赵利军，杜占领．新型振动搅拌装置的实验研究．中国公路学报，2005，4
[7] 于丽娟．连续式振动搅拌机的实验研究[D]．西安：西安公路交通大学，1997
[8] 闻邦椿．赵春雨，苏东海，熊万里．机械系统的振动同步与控制同步．北京：科学出版社，2003
[9] 闻邦椿．刘树英等．振动机械的理论与动态设计方法．北京：机械工业出版社，2001
[10] 段志善．振动利用技术的若干研究与进展．西安：陕西科学技术出版社，2003．9
[11] 王华生，赵慧如．混凝土工程便携手册．北京：机械工业出版社，2005．10
[12] 闻邦椿，李以农，张义民，宋占伟．振动利用工程．北京：科学出版社，2005
[13] 龙运佳．混沌振动研究方法与实践．清华大学出版社，1997
[14] 冯忠绪，崔建飞．水泥混凝土生产的强化技术[J]．西安公路交通度学学报，1998，18(4)：79-82．
[15] 冯忠绪，汪建卫，于丽娟．振动搅拌理论及其装置的实验研究[J]．中国公路学报，1999，12(3)：122-126
[16] 汪建卫．周期式振动搅拌机的实验研究[D]．西安：西安公路交通大学，1998
[17] 杜占领．双卧轴振动搅拌机的实验研究[D]．西安：西安长安大学，2003
[18] 冯忠绪，张海军，董武，赵利军．两种振动搅拌方案的对比．建筑机械学报，2005，7
[19] 冯忠绪．姚录廷．搅拌设备设计．西安：西安公路交通大学，2005
[20] 冯忠绪，赵利军．智能化搅拌设备．长安大学学报 (自然科学版)，2004，11
[21] 肖刚．振动搅拌技术在混凝土生产中的应用．产品技术学报，2000
[22] 冯忠绪，于丽娟，汪建卫，崔健飞．振动搅拌的实验．学术研究，2000
[23] 冯忠绪，汪建卫，于丽娟．振动搅拌理论及其装置的实验研究．中国公路学报，1999
[24] 赵利军，李菲．振动搅拌方案的比较．建筑机械学报，2001，7
[25] 赵利军．双卧轴搅拌机参数优化及其试验研究．长安大学硕士论文一2002．6
[26] 冯忠绪．仿真设计与模型试验．陕西：陕西科学技术出版社．1997．10
[27] 邓键．张衡武．中国建筑科学研究院机械化研究所．卧轴式混凝土搅拌机．
[28] 同济大学等合编．起重运输机械及混凝土制品机械．北京：中国建筑工业岀版社．1982．7
[29] 吴科如、张雄．建筑材料 (第二版)．上海：同济大学出版社．1999
[30] 方圆集团、山东建筑工程学院编著．建筑机械设计制造与应用．北京：人民交通出版社．2001
[31] Mohammad Ibrahim Safawi, Ichiro Iwaki, Takashi Miura. A study on the applicability of vibration in fresh high fluidity concrete. Coment and Concrete Rescearch 35(2005) 1834-1845, 2004
[32] Xuli Fu and D.D.L.Chung. VIBRATION DAMPING ADMIXTURES FOR CEMENT. Coment and Conerete Rescearch, 1995
[33] Ping-Kun Chang,Yaw-Nan Peng. Influence of mixing techniques on properties of high performance concrete. Cement and Concrete Research. 2001, Vol.31
[34] Klimenko. Vibrational mixing of highly dispersed powders. Glass and Ceramics. 1990, Vol.46No.7-8
[35] Vandanjon P.-O., De Larrard F., Dehousse B., Villain G., Maillot R., Laplante P 二 Homogenisation of concrete in a batch plant: The influence of mixing time and method on the introduction of mineral admixtures. Magazine of Concrete Research. 2003, Vol.55 No.2
[36] Saeed, Khalaf, Rejeb. IMPROVING COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE BY A TWO-STEP MIXING METHOD.Cement and Concrete Research. 1996 } Vol.26 No.4
[37] M.K.Lee, B.LGBarr. Strength and fracture properties of industrially prepared steel fibre reinforced concrete. Cement&Concrete Composites. 2003,Vol.25
[38] 廖传华，顾国亮，袁连山．工业化学过程与计算．北京：化学工业出版社．2005．6
[39] 陈志平，章序文，林兴华等．搅拌与混合设备设计选用手册．北京：化学工业出版社．2004．4
[40] 中国建材研究院水泥所编著．水泥性能及其检验．中国建材工业出版社．1994．7
[41] 隋同波，文寨军，王晶．水泥品种与性能．北京：化学工业出版社．2006
[42] Walter F.Silva-araya, Oladis T.De Rincon, Luis Pumarada O'Neill. Repair and Rehabilitation of Reinforces Concrete Structures: The State of the Art. Materials Engineering Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers, April 28-May 1 1997
[43] (美) 施皮格儿 (Spiegel.L) Reinforced Concrete Design.---影印本．北京：清华大学出版社．2005．1
[45] 洪雷．混凝土性能及新型混凝士技术．大连：大连理工大学出版社．2005．4
[46] [法] 弗朗索瓦·德拉拉尔著，廖欣，叶枝荣，李启令译．混凝土混合料的配合．北京：化学工业出版社．2004．6
[47] 龚铁凭编译．国外混凝土机械．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．1983
[48] 任安禄．不可压缩粘性流场计算方法．北京：国防工业出版社．2003．4
[49] 章梓雄，董曾南．粘性流体力学．北京：清华大学出版社．1998．4
[51] Jamal Mohannned Saled 著，邓郭夏译．流体流动手册．北京：中国石化出版社．2004
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