中小企业集群复杂网络资源整合能力研究
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摘要
中小企业集群是我国经济发展的主要形式，集群内部各企业成员由于社会网络关系的嵌入和资源共享等原因，呈现为集群资源整合的动态网络组织形态。在日益复杂的环境和激烈的竞争中，对中小企业集群进行资源整合提出的要求也越来越高。如何通过提高中小企业集群的资源整合能力来提高集群整体和企业个体的竞争力是当前我省制造业急需解决的问题。本文在此基础上结合广东省中小企业集群发展的实际情况，并利用中小企业集群理论发展的一些新成果，从复杂网络和整体系统的角度研究了中小企业集群资源整合能力。同时，提出了资源整合的对策建议。
本文首先提出了中小企业集群复杂网络的局域双向适应度模型，通过综合考虑中小企业集群复杂网络具有局域世界性（群落结构）、竞争性、获取的信息不完全和不对称等特点，在BA模型的基础上构建了局域双向适应度模型。接着文章分析了中小企业集群的数据对象，提出了一种利用聚类分析识别中小企业集群群落结构的k-均值算法，并对集群网络的核心节点和关键资源节点进行了识别。然后在分析中小企业集群复杂网络的结构和资源整合能力定义的基础上，本文先从静态的角度对中小企业集群复杂网络的结构和其资源整合能力的关系进行了研究，探讨了中小企业集群复杂网络结构的五个影响因素(网络密度、网络中心性、网络结构对等性、结构洞与社会资本)及其资源整合能力大小的四个影响因素(资源整合的广度、资源整合的深度、资源整合的速度和资源整合过程的开放度)之间的关系，提出了相应的复杂网络模型。通过综合运用灰色系统理论和层次分析法，从广度、深度、速度和开放度4个方面研究了中小企业集群资源整合能力的评价指标体系，建立了灰色评价与层次分析法相结合的灰色多层次评价模型。借助系统动力学理论和方法，本文再从动态的角度对集群网络结构、集群规模和政府在资源整合中所起的作用进行了分析，找出了影响资源整合的关键环节。综合以上的研究结果，本文最后提出了中小企业集群复杂网络资源整合模型，从企业本身（企业集群）和政府的角度提出了中小企业集群复杂网络进行资源整合的对策和建议。
本文的研究为中小企业集群复杂网络进行资源整合的实践提供了理论基础，同时，为促进中小企业集群的产业升级和创新发展提供了重要的现实意义。
Small-and-Mid-Size Enterprise(SME) cluster is the main form in the regional economicdevelopment. Because of the embedded social network relationship and resourses share andetc.,the member enterprises in the SME cluster are shown as dynamic network organization tothe integration of the network resources. In the increasingly complicated environment and fiercecompetition, higher and higher requirements for the SME cluster resource integration is putforward. The problem about improving the competitiveness of the whole clusters and enterpriseby enhancing the resource integration capability in SME cluster complex is desiderated to solvefor the manufacture in our current. According to the actual condition of the SME clusteroperation of Guangdong Province, and using some results of the SME cluster theory, theresource integration capability was studied from the perspective of the complex network and thewhole systemic. At the same time, the strategies&suggestions of resource integration werepresented in this dissertation.
At first, local bilateral fitnessmodel for SME cluster complex network was constructed onthe basis of local world, competition, incomplete and asymmetric information of the SME clustercomplex network and BA mode. And a k-mean algorithm to mine the community of SMEcluster by using clustering analysis was proposed, On the basis of analysis data object of SMEcluster, and core enterprise was distinguished. Then, from the statical perspective, therelationship between the structure and the resource integration capability on SME clustercomplex network was studied on the basis of analysis the structure of SME cluster complexnetwork and resource integration capability, It is discussed that the relationship about the fiveimpacting factors on the structure from network-density, network-centric, peer-to-peer networkstructure, structure-hole and social capital with the four impacting factors on the resourceintegration capability from the breadth, depth, speed, and openness on SME cluster complexnetwork, and pertinent models was presented. An index system is developed for the evaluation ofresource integration capability of SME cluster. It mainly includes integration breadth, depth,speed, and openness. By combining grey system theory with analytic hierarchy process (AHP)method, a hybrid evaluation model is presented. From the point of view of the dynamic, it is analyzed that the role of SME cluster network structure, SME cluster scale and the governmentin resource integration with the system dynamics theory and methods, the key link influencingresource integration is found out. At last, according to the results of above, the model of theResource Integration on SME cluster network was presented, and strategies&suggestions forthe resource integration on SME cluster network was put forward from the point of view of theenterprise (or SME cluster) and the government.
The study can provide theoretical basis for the practice of the resource integration on SMEcluster complex network, in the meantime, it can provide important practical significance for theupgrade industries and innovation development of SME clusters.
本文首先提出了中小企业集群复杂网络的局域双向适应度模型，通过综合考虑中小企业集群复杂网络具有局域世界性（群落结构）、竞争性、获取的信息不完全和不对称等特点，在BA模型的基础上构建了局域双向适应度模型。接着文章分析了中小企业集群的数据对象，提出了一种利用聚类分析识别中小企业集群群落结构的k-均值算法，并对集群网络的核心节点和关键资源节点进行了识别。然后在分析中小企业集群复杂网络的结构和资源整合能力定义的基础上，本文先从静态的角度对中小企业集群复杂网络的结构和其资源整合能力的关系进行了研究，探讨了中小企业集群复杂网络结构的五个影响因素(网络密度、网络中心性、网络结构对等性、结构洞与社会资本)及其资源整合能力大小的四个影响因素(资源整合的广度、资源整合的深度、资源整合的速度和资源整合过程的开放度)之间的关系，提出了相应的复杂网络模型。通过综合运用灰色系统理论和层次分析法，从广度、深度、速度和开放度4个方面研究了中小企业集群资源整合能力的评价指标体系，建立了灰色评价与层次分析法相结合的灰色多层次评价模型。借助系统动力学理论和方法，本文再从动态的角度对集群网络结构、集群规模和政府在资源整合中所起的作用进行了分析，找出了影响资源整合的关键环节。综合以上的研究结果，本文最后提出了中小企业集群复杂网络资源整合模型，从企业本身（企业集群）和政府的角度提出了中小企业集群复杂网络进行资源整合的对策和建议。
本文的研究为中小企业集群复杂网络进行资源整合的实践提供了理论基础，同时，为促进中小企业集群的产业升级和创新发展提供了重要的现实意义。
Small-and-Mid-Size Enterprise(SME) cluster is the main form in the regional economicdevelopment. Because of the embedded social network relationship and resourses share andetc.,the member enterprises in the SME cluster are shown as dynamic network organization tothe integration of the network resources. In the increasingly complicated environment and fiercecompetition, higher and higher requirements for the SME cluster resource integration is putforward. The problem about improving the competitiveness of the whole clusters and enterpriseby enhancing the resource integration capability in SME cluster complex is desiderated to solvefor the manufacture in our current. According to the actual condition of the SME clusteroperation of Guangdong Province, and using some results of the SME cluster theory, theresource integration capability was studied from the perspective of the complex network and thewhole systemic. At the same time, the strategies&suggestions of resource integration werepresented in this dissertation.
At first, local bilateral fitnessmodel for SME cluster complex network was constructed onthe basis of local world, competition, incomplete and asymmetric information of the SME clustercomplex network and BA mode. And a k-mean algorithm to mine the community of SMEcluster by using clustering analysis was proposed, On the basis of analysis data object of SMEcluster, and core enterprise was distinguished. Then, from the statical perspective, therelationship between the structure and the resource integration capability on SME clustercomplex network was studied on the basis of analysis the structure of SME cluster complexnetwork and resource integration capability, It is discussed that the relationship about the fiveimpacting factors on the structure from network-density, network-centric, peer-to-peer networkstructure, structure-hole and social capital with the four impacting factors on the resourceintegration capability from the breadth, depth, speed, and openness on SME cluster complexnetwork, and pertinent models was presented. An index system is developed for the evaluation ofresource integration capability of SME cluster. It mainly includes integration breadth, depth,speed, and openness. By combining grey system theory with analytic hierarchy process (AHP)method, a hybrid evaluation model is presented. From the point of view of the dynamic, it is analyzed that the role of SME cluster network structure, SME cluster scale and the governmentin resource integration with the system dynamics theory and methods, the key link influencingresource integration is found out. At last, according to the results of above, the model of theResource Integration on SME cluster network was presented, and strategies&suggestions forthe resource integration on SME cluster network was put forward from the point of view of theenterprise (or SME cluster) and the government.
The study can provide theoretical basis for the practice of the resource integration on SMEcluster complex network, in the meantime, it can provide important practical significance for theupgrade industries and innovation development of SME clusters.
引文
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