宽带全向天线研究
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摘要
全向天线可与水平面360各个方向的目标进行通信，广泛应用于广播电视、卫星通信、射频识别、移动通信、无线传感器以及空间飞行器等场合。在现代无线通信系统中，宽带天线能够满足人与人之间大量信息高速传递的需求，且可以使一副天线工作于多个通信系统，从而减少载体上天线数目，实现通信设备小型化。本文提出了各种极化形式的宽带全向天线，包括宽带圆极化全向天线、宽带水平极化全向天线、宽带垂直/水平双极化全向天线、宽带45°斜极化全向天线等。本文主要研究工作包括以下五个方面：
1.基于定向圆极化矩形环天线，提出了一种圆柱共形的宽带圆极化全向天线。天线包含四个围绕圆柱放置的矩形环、一个宽带馈电网络和一个用于改善天线圆极化性能的金属反射柱。详细分析了寄生环、金属反射柱以及馈电网络对天线圆极化性能及阻抗性能的影响；实验结果表明该天线具有的10-dB回波损耗带宽和3-dB轴比带宽分别为45%和41%，水平面不圆度小于1.5dB。在天线单元基础上，设计了用于移动通信基站的八单元宽带圆极化全向天线阵列。
2.提出了一种基于倾斜振子的低剖面宽带圆极化全向天线。天线包含四对围绕圆柱放置的倾斜振子和一个宽带馈电网络，每对振子包含一个主辐射振子和一个用以增加带宽的寄生单元。实验结果表明该天线具有的10-dB回波损耗带宽和3-dB轴比带宽分别为62%和44%，水平面不圆度小于1.5dB。在天线单元基础上，设计了波束下倾的八单元宽带圆极化全向天线阵列及宽带双圆极化全向天线及其阵列。
3.提出了一种平面结构的宽带水平极化全向天线。天线由四个弧形印刷振子和一个宽带馈电网络组成，四个弧形振子组成一个圆环以实现水平极化全向辐射。实验结果表明该天线的10-dB回波损耗带宽约为31%，水平面不圆度小于1.5dB。为满足现代移动通信基站天线高增益的需求，在天线单元基础上，设计了八单元宽带水平极化全向天线阵列。
4.在水平极化全向天线基础上，提出了一种高隔离度宽带垂直/水平双极化全向天线。垂直极化单元为一个顶部圆形贴片加载和边缘短路金属筒加载的单极子天线；水平极化单元为四个弧形半波振子组成的圆环天线。实验结果表明该天线具有的10-dB回波损耗带宽为27%，端口隔离度约为40dB，垂直极化单元和水平极化单元水平面不圆度分别为2.5dB与1.5dB。在天线单元基础上，设计了用于移动通信基站的八单元垂直/水平双极化全向天线阵列。
5.提出了一种宽带45°斜极化全向天线。天线包含四个围绕圆柱放置的十字型交叉振子和一个宽带馈电网络，通过调整垂直、水平振子长度实现45°斜极化。实验结果表明该天线具有的15-dB回波损耗带宽为22%，水平面不圆度小于2dB，交叉极化隔离度大于15dB。在天线单元基础上，设计了用于移动通信基站的八单元45°斜极化全向天线阵列。
通过上述系统研究，掌握了不同极化宽带全向天线的工作机理和设计方法，丰富了天线理论，也为未来全向天线的更广泛应用奠定了技术基础。
Omnidirectional antennas can radiate radio power uniformly in all directions in thehorizontal plane; thus they are widely used for radio broadcasting, satellite communications,radio frequency identification, mobile communications, wireless sensor networks, and aircraftcommuncations. In modern wireless communications, broadband antennas are required for thehigh-speed transmission of a large amount of information. Broadband antennasare also neededfor miniaturization of a wireless commincation system where one antenna can beusedfordifferent purposes. In this thesis, we developseveral broadband omnidirectionalantennas with different polarizations, including circular polarization, horizontal polarization,vertical/horizontal dual-polarization, and45°slant polarization. The major contributions of thisthesis are summirzed as follows.
1. A broadband circularly polarized (CP) omnidirectional antenna is proposed based on adirectional CP rectangular loop. The proposed antenna includes four rectangular loopswhich are wrapped around a cylinder. A broadband feeding network is developed to feedthe CP omnidirectional antenna. A conducting cylinder is introduced to improve the CPperformance. The influences of the feeding network, and the conducting cylinder on theaxial ratio (AR) and return loss (RL) are investigated. Experimental results show that thisCP omnidirectional antenna has a10-dB RL bandwidth of45%and a3-dB AR bandwidthof41%. The gain variation in the horizontal plane is less than1.5dB. An eight-elementbroadband omnidirectional CP antenna array is developed for base station applications.
2. A broadband CP omnidirectional antenna is developed based on four tilted dipoles. Theantenna consists of four pairs of titled dipoles which are wrapped around a cylinder. Eachpair of titled dipoles includes a driven dipole and a parasitic element which is introducedto enhance the bandwidth. Experimental results show that this CP omnidirectional antennahas a10-dB RL bandwidth of62%and a3-dB AR bandwidth of44%. The gain variationin the horizontal plane is less than1.5dB. An8-element omnidirectional CP antenna arraywith down-tilted beam and a dual CP omnidirectional antenna and its array are alsopresented.
3. A broadband horizontally polarized (HP) omnidirectional antenna is proposed. The proposed antenna includes four printed arc dipoles. The four arc dipoles form a circularloop for horizontal polarization in the horizontal plane. Measurement results show that theHP omnidirectionalantenna has a10-dB RL bandwidth of about31%with anomnidirectivity is less than1.5dB. An8-element broadband omnidirectional HP antennaarray is also developed.
4. A broadband vertically/horizontally dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna with highisolation is developed. The proposed dual-polarized antenna is a combination of a modifiedmonopole for vertical polarization (VP) and a circular planar loop for horizontalpolarization (HP). The modified monopole is a circular folded patch shorted by four tubeswhile the circular loop consists of four half-wavelength arc dipoles. Experiment shows thatthe dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna achieves a bandwidth of~27%with an isolationof higher than35dB. The gain variation in the horizontal plane is less than2.5dB for VPand1.5dB for HP. An eight-element dual-polarized antenna array is developed for mobilecommunication base stations.
5. A broadband45°slant-polarized omnidirectional antenna is proposed. The antenna consistsof four cross-shaped dipoles which are placed around a cylinder for omnidirectionalradiation patterns. The45°slant polarization can be achieved by adjusting the lengths ofthe vertical and horizontal dipoles. Measurment results show that the45°slant-polarizedomnidirectional antenna has a15-dB RL bandwidth of22%. In the horizontal plane, thecross-polarization level is less than-15dB and the gain variation is less than2dB. Aneight-element dual-polarized antenna array is developed for mobile communication basestations.
This thesis systematically investigates the operating principles and design methodology ofbroadband omnidirectional antennas with different polarizations, thus enriches the antennatheory and provides technological conditionsfor futurewider applications of omnidirectionalantennas.
1.基于定向圆极化矩形环天线，提出了一种圆柱共形的宽带圆极化全向天线。天线包含四个围绕圆柱放置的矩形环、一个宽带馈电网络和一个用于改善天线圆极化性能的金属反射柱。详细分析了寄生环、金属反射柱以及馈电网络对天线圆极化性能及阻抗性能的影响；实验结果表明该天线具有的10-dB回波损耗带宽和3-dB轴比带宽分别为45%和41%，水平面不圆度小于1.5dB。在天线单元基础上，设计了用于移动通信基站的八单元宽带圆极化全向天线阵列。
2.提出了一种基于倾斜振子的低剖面宽带圆极化全向天线。天线包含四对围绕圆柱放置的倾斜振子和一个宽带馈电网络，每对振子包含一个主辐射振子和一个用以增加带宽的寄生单元。实验结果表明该天线具有的10-dB回波损耗带宽和3-dB轴比带宽分别为62%和44%，水平面不圆度小于1.5dB。在天线单元基础上，设计了波束下倾的八单元宽带圆极化全向天线阵列及宽带双圆极化全向天线及其阵列。
3.提出了一种平面结构的宽带水平极化全向天线。天线由四个弧形印刷振子和一个宽带馈电网络组成，四个弧形振子组成一个圆环以实现水平极化全向辐射。实验结果表明该天线的10-dB回波损耗带宽约为31%，水平面不圆度小于1.5dB。为满足现代移动通信基站天线高增益的需求，在天线单元基础上，设计了八单元宽带水平极化全向天线阵列。
4.在水平极化全向天线基础上，提出了一种高隔离度宽带垂直/水平双极化全向天线。垂直极化单元为一个顶部圆形贴片加载和边缘短路金属筒加载的单极子天线；水平极化单元为四个弧形半波振子组成的圆环天线。实验结果表明该天线具有的10-dB回波损耗带宽为27%，端口隔离度约为40dB，垂直极化单元和水平极化单元水平面不圆度分别为2.5dB与1.5dB。在天线单元基础上，设计了用于移动通信基站的八单元垂直/水平双极化全向天线阵列。
5.提出了一种宽带45°斜极化全向天线。天线包含四个围绕圆柱放置的十字型交叉振子和一个宽带馈电网络，通过调整垂直、水平振子长度实现45°斜极化。实验结果表明该天线具有的15-dB回波损耗带宽为22%，水平面不圆度小于2dB，交叉极化隔离度大于15dB。在天线单元基础上，设计了用于移动通信基站的八单元45°斜极化全向天线阵列。
通过上述系统研究，掌握了不同极化宽带全向天线的工作机理和设计方法，丰富了天线理论，也为未来全向天线的更广泛应用奠定了技术基础。
Omnidirectional antennas can radiate radio power uniformly in all directions in thehorizontal plane; thus they are widely used for radio broadcasting, satellite communications,radio frequency identification, mobile communications, wireless sensor networks, and aircraftcommuncations. In modern wireless communications, broadband antennas are required for thehigh-speed transmission of a large amount of information. Broadband antennasare also neededfor miniaturization of a wireless commincation system where one antenna can beusedfordifferent purposes. In this thesis, we developseveral broadband omnidirectionalantennas with different polarizations, including circular polarization, horizontal polarization,vertical/horizontal dual-polarization, and45°slant polarization. The major contributions of thisthesis are summirzed as follows.
1. A broadband circularly polarized (CP) omnidirectional antenna is proposed based on adirectional CP rectangular loop. The proposed antenna includes four rectangular loopswhich are wrapped around a cylinder. A broadband feeding network is developed to feedthe CP omnidirectional antenna. A conducting cylinder is introduced to improve the CPperformance. The influences of the feeding network, and the conducting cylinder on theaxial ratio (AR) and return loss (RL) are investigated. Experimental results show that thisCP omnidirectional antenna has a10-dB RL bandwidth of45%and a3-dB AR bandwidthof41%. The gain variation in the horizontal plane is less than1.5dB. An eight-elementbroadband omnidirectional CP antenna array is developed for base station applications.
2. A broadband CP omnidirectional antenna is developed based on four tilted dipoles. Theantenna consists of four pairs of titled dipoles which are wrapped around a cylinder. Eachpair of titled dipoles includes a driven dipole and a parasitic element which is introducedto enhance the bandwidth. Experimental results show that this CP omnidirectional antennahas a10-dB RL bandwidth of62%and a3-dB AR bandwidth of44%. The gain variationin the horizontal plane is less than1.5dB. An8-element omnidirectional CP antenna arraywith down-tilted beam and a dual CP omnidirectional antenna and its array are alsopresented.
3. A broadband horizontally polarized (HP) omnidirectional antenna is proposed. The proposed antenna includes four printed arc dipoles. The four arc dipoles form a circularloop for horizontal polarization in the horizontal plane. Measurement results show that theHP omnidirectionalantenna has a10-dB RL bandwidth of about31%with anomnidirectivity is less than1.5dB. An8-element broadband omnidirectional HP antennaarray is also developed.
4. A broadband vertically/horizontally dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna with highisolation is developed. The proposed dual-polarized antenna is a combination of a modifiedmonopole for vertical polarization (VP) and a circular planar loop for horizontalpolarization (HP). The modified monopole is a circular folded patch shorted by four tubeswhile the circular loop consists of four half-wavelength arc dipoles. Experiment shows thatthe dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna achieves a bandwidth of~27%with an isolationof higher than35dB. The gain variation in the horizontal plane is less than2.5dB for VPand1.5dB for HP. An eight-element dual-polarized antenna array is developed for mobilecommunication base stations.
5. A broadband45°slant-polarized omnidirectional antenna is proposed. The antenna consistsof four cross-shaped dipoles which are placed around a cylinder for omnidirectionalradiation patterns. The45°slant polarization can be achieved by adjusting the lengths ofthe vertical and horizontal dipoles. Measurment results show that the45°slant-polarizedomnidirectional antenna has a15-dB RL bandwidth of22%. In the horizontal plane, thecross-polarization level is less than-15dB and the gain variation is less than2dB. Aneight-element dual-polarized antenna array is developed for mobile communication basestations.
This thesis systematically investigates the operating principles and design methodology ofbroadband omnidirectional antennas with different polarizations, thus enriches the antennatheory and provides technological conditionsfor futurewider applications of omnidirectionalantennas.
引文
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