手机平面倒F微带天线的多频圆极化研究
|
摘要
近年来，移动通信业务发展迅速，作为发射和接收电磁波的重要射频前端器件——手机天线，正在朝着小型化、内置化、多频段、智能化方向发展。微带天线以其特有的体积小、重量轻、低剖面、可共形的特点，成为了手机内置天线的最佳选择。但同时微带天线自身增益低、带宽窄的缺陷在一定程度上限制了它的应用。
本文首先介绍了微带天线的基本理论，对各种小型化、多频段和宽频带技术进行了归纳、分析与验证。接着重点研究了应用最为广泛的平面倒F天线(Planar Inverted-F Antennas，PIFA)的辐射原理和电特性，并结合多种小型化、多频段和宽频带设计方法提出了一种新型结构的手机终端三频PIFA。该天线结构紧凑、造型简单，可在GSM900MHz，DCS1800MHz和ISM2450MHz三个频段工作，满足了新一代无线通信系统对频段和带宽的要求。最后详细论述了圆极化微带天线的辐射原理及各种实现方法，在探讨了PIFA双极化(垂直极化、水平极化)工作的基础上，给出一种可实现圆极化辐射的PIFA结构。
在分析、设计过程中，应用Ansoff公司的HFSS电磁仿真软件，对天线尺寸进行设计和优化，结合仿真结果讨论了主要参数的变化对于天线各项性能指标(包括谐振频率、频带宽度、方向图、阻抗圆图、3dB轴比带宽等)的影响。
Mobile communication systems have experienced enormous growth in recent years. As the most important radio-frequency front device, handset antenna is developing into miniaturization, built-in, multi-band and intelligence. Microstrip antennas have many features like small size, light in weight, low profile and conformal, so they become the optimal choice for handset internal antennas. Unfortunately, some shortcomings of microstrip antennas such as low gain, small bandwidth, etc, make them unfit for practical application.
First this thesis describes the basic theory of microstrip antennas, summarizes and analyzes the technology of miniaturization, multi-band and broadband. Then radiation principle and electrical performance of the fashionable planar inverted-F antennas (PIFA) is discussed and a novel handset terminal antenna PIFA is designed with many technologies of miniaturization, multi-band and broadband. The proposed antenna is compact and easy to build, and it also can operate in GSM900, DCS1800 and ISM2450 bands, which allows the design to be satisfied with wireless and portable communication systems. Last discusses the theory and realization method of circular polarization (CP) for microstrip antennas in details, and proposes a PIFA with CP radiation based on.research of dual- polarization(vertical and horizontal).
The dimension of the presented antenna is designed and optimized with EM simulation software HFSS from Ansoft company. The influence of characteristic data as primary parameters modifying is discussed particularly(including resonant frequency, bandwidth, directivity diagram, impedance chart, 3dB axial ratio bandwidth, etc).
本文首先介绍了微带天线的基本理论，对各种小型化、多频段和宽频带技术进行了归纳、分析与验证。接着重点研究了应用最为广泛的平面倒F天线(Planar Inverted-F Antennas，PIFA)的辐射原理和电特性，并结合多种小型化、多频段和宽频带设计方法提出了一种新型结构的手机终端三频PIFA。该天线结构紧凑、造型简单，可在GSM900MHz，DCS1800MHz和ISM2450MHz三个频段工作，满足了新一代无线通信系统对频段和带宽的要求。最后详细论述了圆极化微带天线的辐射原理及各种实现方法，在探讨了PIFA双极化(垂直极化、水平极化)工作的基础上，给出一种可实现圆极化辐射的PIFA结构。
在分析、设计过程中，应用Ansoff公司的HFSS电磁仿真软件，对天线尺寸进行设计和优化，结合仿真结果讨论了主要参数的变化对于天线各项性能指标(包括谐振频率、频带宽度、方向图、阻抗圆图、3dB轴比带宽等)的影响。
Mobile communication systems have experienced enormous growth in recent years. As the most important radio-frequency front device, handset antenna is developing into miniaturization, built-in, multi-band and intelligence. Microstrip antennas have many features like small size, light in weight, low profile and conformal, so they become the optimal choice for handset internal antennas. Unfortunately, some shortcomings of microstrip antennas such as low gain, small bandwidth, etc, make them unfit for practical application.
First this thesis describes the basic theory of microstrip antennas, summarizes and analyzes the technology of miniaturization, multi-band and broadband. Then radiation principle and electrical performance of the fashionable planar inverted-F antennas (PIFA) is discussed and a novel handset terminal antenna PIFA is designed with many technologies of miniaturization, multi-band and broadband. The proposed antenna is compact and easy to build, and it also can operate in GSM900, DCS1800 and ISM2450 bands, which allows the design to be satisfied with wireless and portable communication systems. Last discusses the theory and realization method of circular polarization (CP) for microstrip antennas in details, and proposes a PIFA with CP radiation based on.research of dual- polarization(vertical and horizontal).
The dimension of the presented antenna is designed and optimized with EM simulation software HFSS from Ansoft company. The influence of characteristic data as primary parameters modifying is discussed particularly(including resonant frequency, bandwidth, directivity diagram, impedance chart, 3dB axial ratio bandwidth, etc).
引文
[1] 施华，舒琳，王均宏．手机天线的研究进展．移动通信．2002(11)：38-42页
[2] 樊明延，张雪霞，冯正和．移动通信中小天线技术新进展．通信市场．2003(6)：80-82页
[3] 吕文俊，程勇，程崇虎，朱洪波．一种新型多频缝隙微带天线的设计．电波科学学报．2006，21(2)：265-268页
[4] 彭宏利，张厚，刘其中．一种新型结构的小型化双频手机内置天线．西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版)．2003，30(1)：114-116页
[5] I．J．鲍尔，P．布哈蒂亚著，梁联倬，寇廷耀译．微带天线．第一版．电子工业出版社，1984：5-10页，16-22页
[6] 张钧，刘克诚，张贤铎，赫崇俊．微带天线理论与工程．第一版．国防工业出版社，1988．：43-48页，273-294页
[7] 张莲．小型化微带天线的宽频带和多频段研究．华东师范大学硕士学位论文．2005：11-13页
[8] Dennis M. Sullivan. Electromagnetic Simulation Using FDTD Method. IEEEPress. 2000: 10-13P
[9] 王秉中．计算电磁学．第一版．科学出版社，2005：9-10，12-13页
[10] 李玉莹，徐晓文．基于矩量法对一种手机天线的特性分析．电视技术．2002，(5)：36-40页
[11] Kaoru Hirasawa, Tomoki Tanaka, Shougo Hayashida, Hisashi Morishita, Kyouhei Fujimoto. Analysis of Small Antenna for Handset by Using Electromagnetic Simulators.
[12] 韩玲，张志杰．微带贴片天线的设计与仿真．科技情报开发与经济．2006，16(1)：269-271页
[13] Ming-Sze Tong, Mingwu Yang, Yinchao Chen, Raj Mittr. Finite-Difference Time-Domain Analysis of a Stacked Dual-Frequency Microstrip Planar Inverted-F Antenna for Mobile Telephone Handsets. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. 2001, 49(3): 367-376P
[14] 薛睿峰，钟顺时．微带天线小型化技术．电子技术．2002，(3)：62-64页
[15] 樊明延，冯正和，张雪霞．新型宽带双枝倒F平面集成天线．微波学报．2002，18(1)：20-22页
[16] 刘菊华．适用于I M T-2000 宽频带微带天线的设计与仿真．中山大学研究生学刊．2004，25(4)：94-99页
[17] 汪伟，钟顺时．双层分形微带贴片天线．应用科学学报．2004，22(4)：471-474页
[18] 胡爱娟，朱守正．双频贴片天线研究与设计．现代雷达．2005，27(2)：57-59页
[19] 栾秀珍，房少军，徐天赐，孙渝．小型双层微带贴片天线的理论分析．大连海事大学学报．2005，31(1)：88-90页
[20] 朱晓维，何晓晓．用于W-CDMA 移动终端的开槽微带双频贴片天线设计．无线电工程．2002，32(12)：33-35页
[21] 田方，李东风，龚中麟．FDTD 方法分析新型双频平面倒F手机天线．通信学报．2003，24(8)：101-107页
[22] 车仁信，程鑫，张坤武．宽带微带天线设计方法研究．大连铁道学院学报．2005，26(1)：76-78页
[23] Kin-Lu Wong. Compact and broadband microstrip antenna. A John Wiley&Sons. IncPublication. 2000
[24] F.E.Vellis, C. N. Capsalis. A Model for the Statistical Characterisation of Fast Fading in the Presence of a User Wireless Personal Communications. 2000, (15): 207-219P
[25] Wen-Shyang Chen, Chun-Kun Wu, Kin-Lu Wong. Compact Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna with Bent Slots. Electronics Letters. 1998, 34(13)..1278-1279P
[26] 王建．多频小型宽带微带天线设计．南京理工大学硕士学位论文．2004：25页
[27] 李强，鄢泽洪，张小苗．一种新的小型圆极化微带天线空间电子技术．2005，(4)：52-56页
[28] 刘培涛，李英，王坚．一种小型宽频带矩形微带天线在无线通信中的应用．2004年全国第十届微波集成电路与移动通信学术年会．260-264页
[29] 陈雅清，龙永亮．小型宽带微带天线的研究进展．系统工程与电子技术．2000，22(7)：20-25页
[30] Yong-Xin Guo, Irene Ang, M. Y. W. Chia. Compact Internal Multiband Antennas fof Mobile Handsets. IEEE Antenna and Wireless Propagation Letters. 2003, 2: 143-146P
[31] Dalia Mohammed, Hala A. Elsadek, Hani Ghali. Single Feed Compact Quad-band PIFA Antenna for Wireless Communication Applications. IEEE Antenna and Wireless Propagation Letters. 2005, 53(8) : 2631-2635P
[32] Yong-Xin Guo, M. Y. W. Chia, Z. N. Chen. Miniature Built-In Quad-band Antennas for Mobile Handets. IEEE Antenna and Wireless Propagation Letters. 2003, 2: 30-32P
[33] 刘培涛，王坚，李英，李淑娟．一种U型开槽的平面倒F型双频微带天线．微波学报．2005，21(2)：45-48页
[34] Zi Dong Liu, Peter S. Hall, David Wake. Dual-frequency Planar Inverted-F Antenna. IEEE Antenna and Wireless Propagation Letters. 2003, 45(10):1451-1457P
[35] Pascal Ciais, Robert Staraj, Georges Kossiavas, Cyril Luxey. Design of an Internal Quad-band Antenna for Mobile Phones. IEEE Antenna and Wireless Propagation Letters. 2004, 14(4): 148-150P
[36] 韩庆文，易念学，李忠诚，雷剑梅．圆极化微带天线的设计与实现．重庆大学学报．2004，27(4)：57-60页
[37] 薛睿峰，钟顺时．微带天线圆极化技术概述与进展．电波科学学报．2004，17(4)：331-336页
[38] 韩苑，苏东林．单馈点圆极化 GPS 微带天线的设计．电子测量技术．2006，29(2)：79-80页
[39] 史清，李杨，王家勇，梁文旭．双频双圆极化微带天线实验设计．微波学报．2004，20(4)：90-92页
[40] 张小燕，冯及时，赖声礼．反转容性探针馈电宽带圆极化微带天线的设计．现代电子技术．2006，(13)：46-48页
[41] 唐祥生，顾长青．展宽微带天线圆极化带宽的几种方法．金陵科技学院学报．2004，20(4)：22-25页
[42] Ching-Fang Tseng, Cheng-Liang Huang. Compact 2.5GHz Circularly Polarized Antenna Using High Permittivity Substrate. IEEE Transactions Antennas and Propagation. 2006, 54(4):1332-1335P
[43] Wen-Shyang Chen, Chun-Kun Wu, Kin-Lu Wong. Compact Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna with Bent Slots. Electronics Letters. 1998, 34(13):1278-1279P
[44] 丁克乾，李连辉，张凤林．双频圆极化微带天线．遥测遥控．2004，25(5)：7-10页
[45] 张实华，张远威．一种用于GPS的微带天线四川轻工化学院学报．2002，15(2)：57-59页
[46] 胡明春，杜小辉，李建新．宽带宽角圆极化贴片天线的实验研究．电子学报．2002，12：1-3页
[47] 钟顺时，崔俊海．新型小型化圆极化微带天线．天线技术．2001，(18)：1-4页
[48] Kin-Lu Wong, Yi-Fang Lin. Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna with a Tuning Stub. Electronics Letters. 1998, 34(9): 831-832P
[49] 胡明春，杜小辉，李建新．宽带宽角圆极化微带贴片天线设计．电波科学学报．2001，16(4)：441-446页
[50] Kai-Ping Yang, Kin-Lu Wong. Dual-Band Circularly-Polarized Square Microstrip Antenna. IEEE Transactions Antennas and Propagation. 2001,49(3): 377-382P
[51] 薛赛峰，钟顺时．表面开槽的有机磁性圆极化微带天线．上海大学学报(自然科学版)．2002，8(3)：189-192页
[52] Yong Liu, Yun Yuan, Kairaz Contractor. A Method to Achieve a Dual-Polarized Planar Inverted F Antenna(PIFA).10th International Conference onAntennasandPropagation. 1997, 14(436): 1378-1382P
[53] M. C Huynh, W. Stutzman. Ground Plane Effects on Planar Inverted-F Antenna(PIFA) Performance. IEEE Propagation and Microwaves Antenna Propagation, 2003, 150(4): 209-213P
[54] 武强，钟顺时，许赛卿．彭祥飞大带宽的U形接地板圆极化贴片天线．上海大学学报(自然科学版)．2005，11(4)：331-334页
[55] 李英明，钟顺时．新型光子带隙微带贴片天线．微波学报．2005，21(3)：39-42页
[56] Komsak MEKSAMOOT, Monai KRAIRIKSH, Jun-ichi TSKADA. A Polarization Diversity PIFA on Portable Telephone and the Human Body Effects on Its Performanc. IEICE Transactions and Communication. 2001, 84(9): 2460-2467P
[57] 康刚，祝西里，王长清，徐承和．人体对移动通信手机天线辐射特性的影响．电子学报．1997，25(9)：51-55页
[58] 周晓明，赖声礼．手机与人体系统近场的研究综述．安全与电磁兼容．2002，(6)：44-49页
[2] 樊明延，张雪霞，冯正和．移动通信中小天线技术新进展．通信市场．2003(6)：80-82页
[3] 吕文俊，程勇，程崇虎，朱洪波．一种新型多频缝隙微带天线的设计．电波科学学报．2006，21(2)：265-268页
[4] 彭宏利，张厚，刘其中．一种新型结构的小型化双频手机内置天线．西安电子科技大学学报(自然科学版)．2003，30(1)：114-116页
[5] I．J．鲍尔，P．布哈蒂亚著，梁联倬，寇廷耀译．微带天线．第一版．电子工业出版社，1984：5-10页，16-22页
[6] 张钧，刘克诚，张贤铎，赫崇俊．微带天线理论与工程．第一版．国防工业出版社，1988．：43-48页，273-294页
[7] 张莲．小型化微带天线的宽频带和多频段研究．华东师范大学硕士学位论文．2005：11-13页
[8] Dennis M. Sullivan. Electromagnetic Simulation Using FDTD Method. IEEEPress. 2000: 10-13P
[9] 王秉中．计算电磁学．第一版．科学出版社，2005：9-10，12-13页
[10] 李玉莹，徐晓文．基于矩量法对一种手机天线的特性分析．电视技术．2002，(5)：36-40页
[11] Kaoru Hirasawa, Tomoki Tanaka, Shougo Hayashida, Hisashi Morishita, Kyouhei Fujimoto. Analysis of Small Antenna for Handset by Using Electromagnetic Simulators.
[12] 韩玲，张志杰．微带贴片天线的设计与仿真．科技情报开发与经济．2006，16(1)：269-271页
[13] Ming-Sze Tong, Mingwu Yang, Yinchao Chen, Raj Mittr. Finite-Difference Time-Domain Analysis of a Stacked Dual-Frequency Microstrip Planar Inverted-F Antenna for Mobile Telephone Handsets. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. 2001, 49(3): 367-376P
[14] 薛睿峰，钟顺时．微带天线小型化技术．电子技术．2002，(3)：62-64页
[15] 樊明延，冯正和，张雪霞．新型宽带双枝倒F平面集成天线．微波学报．2002，18(1)：20-22页
[16] 刘菊华．适用于I M T-2000 宽频带微带天线的设计与仿真．中山大学研究生学刊．2004，25(4)：94-99页
[17] 汪伟，钟顺时．双层分形微带贴片天线．应用科学学报．2004，22(4)：471-474页
[18] 胡爱娟，朱守正．双频贴片天线研究与设计．现代雷达．2005，27(2)：57-59页
[19] 栾秀珍，房少军，徐天赐，孙渝．小型双层微带贴片天线的理论分析．大连海事大学学报．2005，31(1)：88-90页
[20] 朱晓维，何晓晓．用于W-CDMA 移动终端的开槽微带双频贴片天线设计．无线电工程．2002，32(12)：33-35页
[21] 田方，李东风，龚中麟．FDTD 方法分析新型双频平面倒F手机天线．通信学报．2003，24(8)：101-107页
[22] 车仁信，程鑫，张坤武．宽带微带天线设计方法研究．大连铁道学院学报．2005，26(1)：76-78页
[23] Kin-Lu Wong. Compact and broadband microstrip antenna. A John Wiley&Sons. IncPublication. 2000
[24] F.E.Vellis, C. N. Capsalis. A Model for the Statistical Characterisation of Fast Fading in the Presence of a User Wireless Personal Communications. 2000, (15): 207-219P
[25] Wen-Shyang Chen, Chun-Kun Wu, Kin-Lu Wong. Compact Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna with Bent Slots. Electronics Letters. 1998, 34(13)..1278-1279P
[26] 王建．多频小型宽带微带天线设计．南京理工大学硕士学位论文．2004：25页
[27] 李强，鄢泽洪，张小苗．一种新的小型圆极化微带天线空间电子技术．2005，(4)：52-56页
[28] 刘培涛，李英，王坚．一种小型宽频带矩形微带天线在无线通信中的应用．2004年全国第十届微波集成电路与移动通信学术年会．260-264页
[29] 陈雅清，龙永亮．小型宽带微带天线的研究进展．系统工程与电子技术．2000，22(7)：20-25页
[30] Yong-Xin Guo, Irene Ang, M. Y. W. Chia. Compact Internal Multiband Antennas fof Mobile Handsets. IEEE Antenna and Wireless Propagation Letters. 2003, 2: 143-146P
[31] Dalia Mohammed, Hala A. Elsadek, Hani Ghali. Single Feed Compact Quad-band PIFA Antenna for Wireless Communication Applications. IEEE Antenna and Wireless Propagation Letters. 2005, 53(8) : 2631-2635P
[32] Yong-Xin Guo, M. Y. W. Chia, Z. N. Chen. Miniature Built-In Quad-band Antennas for Mobile Handets. IEEE Antenna and Wireless Propagation Letters. 2003, 2: 30-32P
[33] 刘培涛，王坚，李英，李淑娟．一种U型开槽的平面倒F型双频微带天线．微波学报．2005，21(2)：45-48页
[34] Zi Dong Liu, Peter S. Hall, David Wake. Dual-frequency Planar Inverted-F Antenna. IEEE Antenna and Wireless Propagation Letters. 2003, 45(10):1451-1457P
[35] Pascal Ciais, Robert Staraj, Georges Kossiavas, Cyril Luxey. Design of an Internal Quad-band Antenna for Mobile Phones. IEEE Antenna and Wireless Propagation Letters. 2004, 14(4): 148-150P
[36] 韩庆文，易念学，李忠诚，雷剑梅．圆极化微带天线的设计与实现．重庆大学学报．2004，27(4)：57-60页
[37] 薛睿峰，钟顺时．微带天线圆极化技术概述与进展．电波科学学报．2004，17(4)：331-336页
[38] 韩苑，苏东林．单馈点圆极化 GPS 微带天线的设计．电子测量技术．2006，29(2)：79-80页
[39] 史清，李杨，王家勇，梁文旭．双频双圆极化微带天线实验设计．微波学报．2004，20(4)：90-92页
[40] 张小燕，冯及时，赖声礼．反转容性探针馈电宽带圆极化微带天线的设计．现代电子技术．2006，(13)：46-48页
[41] 唐祥生，顾长青．展宽微带天线圆极化带宽的几种方法．金陵科技学院学报．2004，20(4)：22-25页
[42] Ching-Fang Tseng, Cheng-Liang Huang. Compact 2.5GHz Circularly Polarized Antenna Using High Permittivity Substrate. IEEE Transactions Antennas and Propagation. 2006, 54(4):1332-1335P
[43] Wen-Shyang Chen, Chun-Kun Wu, Kin-Lu Wong. Compact Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna with Bent Slots. Electronics Letters. 1998, 34(13):1278-1279P
[44] 丁克乾，李连辉，张凤林．双频圆极化微带天线．遥测遥控．2004，25(5)：7-10页
[45] 张实华，张远威．一种用于GPS的微带天线四川轻工化学院学报．2002，15(2)：57-59页
[46] 胡明春，杜小辉，李建新．宽带宽角圆极化贴片天线的实验研究．电子学报．2002，12：1-3页
[47] 钟顺时，崔俊海．新型小型化圆极化微带天线．天线技术．2001，(18)：1-4页
[48] Kin-Lu Wong, Yi-Fang Lin. Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna with a Tuning Stub. Electronics Letters. 1998, 34(9): 831-832P
[49] 胡明春，杜小辉，李建新．宽带宽角圆极化微带贴片天线设计．电波科学学报．2001，16(4)：441-446页
[50] Kai-Ping Yang, Kin-Lu Wong. Dual-Band Circularly-Polarized Square Microstrip Antenna. IEEE Transactions Antennas and Propagation. 2001,49(3): 377-382P
[51] 薛赛峰，钟顺时．表面开槽的有机磁性圆极化微带天线．上海大学学报(自然科学版)．2002，8(3)：189-192页
[52] Yong Liu, Yun Yuan, Kairaz Contractor. A Method to Achieve a Dual-Polarized Planar Inverted F Antenna(PIFA).10th International Conference onAntennasandPropagation. 1997, 14(436): 1378-1382P
[53] M. C Huynh, W. Stutzman. Ground Plane Effects on Planar Inverted-F Antenna(PIFA) Performance. IEEE Propagation and Microwaves Antenna Propagation, 2003, 150(4): 209-213P
[54] 武强，钟顺时，许赛卿．彭祥飞大带宽的U形接地板圆极化贴片天线．上海大学学报(自然科学版)．2005，11(4)：331-334页
[55] 李英明，钟顺时．新型光子带隙微带贴片天线．微波学报．2005，21(3)：39-42页
[56] Komsak MEKSAMOOT, Monai KRAIRIKSH, Jun-ichi TSKADA. A Polarization Diversity PIFA on Portable Telephone and the Human Body Effects on Its Performanc. IEICE Transactions and Communication. 2001, 84(9): 2460-2467P
[57] 康刚，祝西里，王长清，徐承和．人体对移动通信手机天线辐射特性的影响．电子学报．1997，25(9)：51-55页
[58] 周晓明，赖声礼．手机与人体系统近场的研究综述．安全与电磁兼容．2002，(6)：44-49页