磁流变阻尼器对建筑结构的减震研究
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摘要
结构振动控制是一种新型的抗震技术，其中半主动控制是介于被动控制与主动控制之间的一种控制技术，其仅需少量外加能源，便可产生接近主动控制的效果。由智能材料磁流变体制成的磁流变阻尼器不仅具有结构简单，体积小，反应快，能耗小和阻尼力连续顺逆可调等优点外，而且还易于和计算机相结合。在半主动控制下，磁流变阻尼器可以有效地减小建筑结构的风振和地震反应。因此，国内外已经有越来越多的学者投入到此方面的研究中来，并已取得了一定的成果，但在磁流变阻尼器的力学模型和磁流变阻尼结构的分析与设计方面仍然存在着许多问题，有待于进一步解决和完善。
本文以提出一个新的且简单准确的磁流变阻尼器的力学模型，并建立一套关于磁流变阻尼结构的分析方法和设计方法为目的，主要完成了以下工作：
(1)磁流变阻尼器的力学模型
在了解和掌握用于分析磁流变阻尼器力学特性的几种力学模型的基础上，提出了一个新的，形式较为简单且能较为准确地反映阻尼器力学特性的Sigmoid模型，并且将几种模型进行了对比分析。
(2)磁流变阻尼结构的弹塑性地震反应分析
对实际结构的恢复力模型按三线型刚度退化模型考虑，磁流变阻尼器采用作者所提出的Sigmoid模型，对在半主动全态和半主动双态控制下的磁流变阻尼结构进行了弹塑性地震反应分析和对比分析，并得出了相应的结论。
(3)磁流变阻尼结构的优化分析
在既定的优化目标下利用时程分析方法对磁流变阻尼结构进行优化分析，且得出了优化布置结果。并给出计算实例，编制了相应的计算程序。
(4)磁流变阻尼结构的设计方法
本文的创新之处在于：
(1)提出了一个新的磁流变阻尼器力学模型——Sigmoid模型。
西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文
（2）在半主动控制下，按作者所提出的力学计算模型模拟磁流变阻尼器，原结构按三
线型刚度退化模型考虑，建立了一套关于磁流变阻尼结构的弹塑性分析方法。
（3）利用设定优化目标对磁流变阻尼器及其结构进行优化。
（4）提出了磁流变阻尼结构的设计方法。
Structure vibration control is a new kind of anti-earthquake technique. Semi-active control is a kind of control technique which compromises between active control and passive control. It only requires small external power source and can produce control results of active control. The advantages of magnetorheological damper (MRD) which were made of magnetorheological fluid (MR) are not only simple structure, small volume, quick respond, small power requirement and adjustable damp forces, but also easily combine with computers. MRD with semi-active control strategy can effectively reduce structure's wind vibration and earthquake response. Thus at home and abroad more and more experts study on MRD, and acquire many achievements, but there are many problems about damper mechanical model and magnetorheological structure's analysis and design etc., so these problems require to be solved and completed.
In this paper, the major aim is that advancing a new, simple and accurate mechanical model and establishing analysis design method about magnetorheological structure. The following work is done:
(1) The mechanical model of the magnetorheological damper.
Base on several mechanical models which are used to analyze the mechanical abilities of MRD a new, simple and accurate mechanical mode梥igmoid is advanced. These kinds of mechanical models which are used to analyze the mechanical abilities of MRD are compared.
(2) The elastic-plastic seismic response analysis about the magnetorheological structure.
The elastic-plastic seismic response analysis and compared analysis of the magnetorheological structure are carried with semi-active bi-state and foil-state control strategy when structure is simulated by three fold line stiffness retrograde model and MRD is simulated by sigmoid model, and corresponding conclusions are given.
(3) The optimum analysis about the magnetorheological structure.
Under the fixed optimum goal, the optimum design of the magnetorheological structure is carried by using the method of time-history analysis. An example is given and corresponding calculating program is made.
(4) The design method about the magnetorheological structure.
In this paper, groundbreaking theories are shown in the following:
(a) The new mechanical model of the magnetorheological damper梥igmoid model is advanced.
(b) The elastic-plastic dynamic response analysis about the magnetorheological structure is carried with semi-active control strategy.
(c) The optimization about the magnetorheological structure is analyzed by using optimum goal.
(d) The design method about magnetorheological structure is proposed.
本文以提出一个新的且简单准确的磁流变阻尼器的力学模型，并建立一套关于磁流变阻尼结构的分析方法和设计方法为目的，主要完成了以下工作：
(1)磁流变阻尼器的力学模型
在了解和掌握用于分析磁流变阻尼器力学特性的几种力学模型的基础上，提出了一个新的，形式较为简单且能较为准确地反映阻尼器力学特性的Sigmoid模型，并且将几种模型进行了对比分析。
(2)磁流变阻尼结构的弹塑性地震反应分析
对实际结构的恢复力模型按三线型刚度退化模型考虑，磁流变阻尼器采用作者所提出的Sigmoid模型，对在半主动全态和半主动双态控制下的磁流变阻尼结构进行了弹塑性地震反应分析和对比分析，并得出了相应的结论。
(3)磁流变阻尼结构的优化分析
在既定的优化目标下利用时程分析方法对磁流变阻尼结构进行优化分析，且得出了优化布置结果。并给出计算实例，编制了相应的计算程序。
(4)磁流变阻尼结构的设计方法
本文的创新之处在于：
(1)提出了一个新的磁流变阻尼器力学模型——Sigmoid模型。
西安建筑科技大学硕士学位论文
（2）在半主动控制下，按作者所提出的力学计算模型模拟磁流变阻尼器，原结构按三
线型刚度退化模型考虑，建立了一套关于磁流变阻尼结构的弹塑性分析方法。
（3）利用设定优化目标对磁流变阻尼器及其结构进行优化。
（4）提出了磁流变阻尼结构的设计方法。
Structure vibration control is a new kind of anti-earthquake technique. Semi-active control is a kind of control technique which compromises between active control and passive control. It only requires small external power source and can produce control results of active control. The advantages of magnetorheological damper (MRD) which were made of magnetorheological fluid (MR) are not only simple structure, small volume, quick respond, small power requirement and adjustable damp forces, but also easily combine with computers. MRD with semi-active control strategy can effectively reduce structure's wind vibration and earthquake response. Thus at home and abroad more and more experts study on MRD, and acquire many achievements, but there are many problems about damper mechanical model and magnetorheological structure's analysis and design etc., so these problems require to be solved and completed.
In this paper, the major aim is that advancing a new, simple and accurate mechanical model and establishing analysis design method about magnetorheological structure. The following work is done:
(1) The mechanical model of the magnetorheological damper.
Base on several mechanical models which are used to analyze the mechanical abilities of MRD a new, simple and accurate mechanical mode梥igmoid is advanced. These kinds of mechanical models which are used to analyze the mechanical abilities of MRD are compared.
(2) The elastic-plastic seismic response analysis about the magnetorheological structure.
The elastic-plastic seismic response analysis and compared analysis of the magnetorheological structure are carried with semi-active bi-state and foil-state control strategy when structure is simulated by three fold line stiffness retrograde model and MRD is simulated by sigmoid model, and corresponding conclusions are given.
(3) The optimum analysis about the magnetorheological structure.
Under the fixed optimum goal, the optimum design of the magnetorheological structure is carried by using the method of time-history analysis. An example is given and corresponding calculating program is made.
(4) The design method about the magnetorheological structure.
In this paper, groundbreaking theories are shown in the following:
(a) The new mechanical model of the magnetorheological damper梥igmoid model is advanced.
(b) The elastic-plastic dynamic response analysis about the magnetorheological structure is carried with semi-active control strategy.
(c) The optimization about the magnetorheological structure is analyzed by using optimum goal.
(d) The design method about magnetorheological structure is proposed.
引文
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[32] Mark R. Jolly, Jonathan W. Bender, J. David Carlson: Properties and Applications of Commercial Magnetorheological Fluids, Journal of Intelligent Material Systems And Structures, Vol.10-January 1999．
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[3]徐赵东：(铅)粘弹性阻尼结构的试验研究，西安建筑科技大学博士论文，2001。
[4]王肇民：高耸结构振动控制，同济大学出版社，1997。
[5]周福霖：工程结构减震控制，地震出版社，1997。
[6]Carlson J. D., Spencer Jr. B. F., Magneto-rheological fluid dampers for semi-active seismic control [C], Proc. Of the 3rd Int. Conf. on Motion and Vibr. Control, Chiba, Chiba, Japan, 1996.
[7]Yi F., Dyke S.J. Frech S., Carlson J.D., Investigation of Magnetorheological Dampers for Seismic Response Control[C]. Proceedings of the Second World Conference on Structural Control, Kyoto, Japan, June 29-July, 1998,(2).
[8]欧进萍，关新春：磁流变耗能器的试验研究[J]，地震工程与工程振动，1999，19(4)。
[9]廖昌荣，陈伟民，黄尚廉：磁流变技术与磁流变阻尼器件，新技术新工艺，2000，(10)。
[10]Ehrgott R C, Masri S F. Modeling the Oscillatory Dynamic Behavior of Electrorheolofical Materials [J]. Smart mater. Struct, 1992, 1(2): 275-285.
[11]Makris N, Scott A B , Douglas P T. Electroheological Damper with Annular Ducts for Seismic Protection Application [J]. Smart Mater. Struct. 1996,(5):551-564.
[12]Spencer B F Jr, Dyke S J. Sain M K, Carlson J D. Phenomenological Model for Magnetorheological Dampers [J]. J. Engineering Mechanics. 1997 , 123(3):230-238.
[13]Dyke S J, Spencer B F Jr, Carlson J D. Modeling and Control of Magnetorheological Dampers for Seismic Response Reduction [J]. Smart Mater. Struct. 1996, 1(4):565-575.
[14]欧进萍，关新春：可控流体减震驱动器的研究与应用[J]，世界地震工程，1998，
14(4)。
[15] 李宏男，阎石，林皋：智能结构控制发展综述，地震工程与工程振动，1999，19(2)。
[16] 欧进萍，关新春：土木工程智能结构体系的研究与发展，地震工程与工程振动，1999，19(2)。
[17] 周云，徐龙河，李忠献：半主动磁流变阻尼控制结构的地震反应分析[J]，地震工程与工程振动，2000，20(2)。
[18] 徐龙河，周云，李忠献：半主动磁流变阻尼控制方法的比较与分析[J]，世界地震工程，2000，16(3)。
[19] Y. L. Xu, W. L. Qu, M. Ko: Seismic response control of frame structures using magnetorheological / electrorheological dampers, Earthquake Engng Struct. Dyn. 2000; 29:557-575.
[20] 董平，唐家祥：MR智能材料在结构振动控制中的应用，工程抗震，2000，(2)。
[21] 汪小华，张培强：磁流变液的模糊逻辑非参数建模，中国科学技术大学学报，2000，30(2)。
[22] Michael D. Symans, Michael C. Constantinou: Seimi-active control systems for seismic protection of structures: a state-of-the-art review, Engineeing Structures 21 (1999) 469-487.
[23] Laura M. Jansen, Shirley J. Dyke: Semiactive Control Strategies For MR Dampers: Comparative Study: Journal of Engineering Mechanics, Vol.4. No.8. August. 2000.
[24] Jin Kyoo Lee, William W. Clark, Sung Hwan Kim: DE-Vol. 95/AMD-Vol. 223, Active/Passive Vibration Control and Nonlinear Dynamics of Structures, ASME 1997.
[25] Shahram Sarkani, Loren D. Lutes, Shuang Jin: Simplified Algorithm for Seismic control of Civil Structures Using Smart Dampers: The SPIE Conference on Smart Systems for Bridges. Structures. And Highways Newport Beach. California. March 1999 SPIE Vol.3671. 0277-786x.
[26] M. Norman, Wereley and Jason Lindler: Nondimensional Analysis of Semi-Active Electrorheological Damping Control Strategies for Civil Structures, A New Advanced in Seismic Isolation, Energy Dissipation and control of Structures, Seismological Press, Guangzhou, China, 1999.
[27] Y. Q. Ni, D. Q. Cao, J. M. Ko, W. J. Lou: Vibration Control Strategy for Cables Using Semi-Active Magneto-Rheological (MR/ER) Dampers, Proceedings of First
International Conference on structural engineering October 18-20, 1999．
[28] T. Fujita, B. Jeyadevan, K. Yamaguchi, H. Nishiyama: Preparation, viscosity and damping of functional fluids that respond to both magnetic and electric fields, Power Technology 101 (1999) 279-287．
[29] Andrzej Milecki: Investigation and control of magneto-rheological fluid dampers, International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 41 (2001) 379-391．
[30] M. S. Krakov: Influence of Theological properties of magnetic fluid on damping ability of magnetic fluid shock-absorber, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 201 (1999) 368-371．
[31] Kosuke Nagaya, Nobuyuki Hayashi, Kenichiro Ohzeki: Control of resonance for a rotating shaft levitated by the high temperature super conductor by using a rotating magnetic damper, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 108 (2001) 161-164．
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