地震储层信息智能处理方法研究
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摘要
地震储层预测是油藏描述的主要工具之一,已成为储层地球物理学的核心内容。随着从
    地震数据中计算的地震属性逐渐增多和储层预测问题变得愈来愈复杂,与地震储层预测密切
    相关的地震属性优化问题成为油气田勘探开发中急需解决的问题之一。
     本文针对这一问题,在回顾工业应用中居主导地位的地震储层预测方法的基础上,讨论
    了地震属性的计算方法,并给出了地球物理意义。首次引入遗传算法,实现了Kohonen网络地
    震相模式识别中的地震属性优化。简述了利用地震数据预测储层参数的地震属性优化原理,
    首次将CUSI网络应用于地震储层参数预测中,建立了地震属性组合评价标准。创造性地提
    出将遗传算法与CUSI网络结合,实现了函数逼近法储层参数预测中的地震属性优选。同时,
    针对不同工区、不同储层,第一次建立了采用自动、专家与自动结合等多种策略实现优选地
    震属性组合的方法。
     本文首次将RS决策分析方法引入地震储层预测中,为地震模式识别提供了一种新方
    法;创立了地震属性量化的最优化准则;创造性地提出将RS理论、Kohonen网络与BP网络
    结合,在油气预测中,实现了优选最敏感(或最有效,最有代表性)地震属性组合的方法;提
    出了不依赖于具体模式识别方法的地震属性优化方法和改善油气预测曲线显示与解释效果的
    中值滤波方法;提出了一套系统的、适用于不同工区、不同储层,能用于油田生产实际的地
    震属性优选方法。
     本文提出了专家知识与最优搜索结合的地震属性优化方法;给出了一种基于函数逼近与
    地震属性优化结合预测渗透率的可行性方法,并对地震属性优化方法进行了比较。
     本文引入数理统计方法中的Grubbs法和t检验法,并将此二法各自的优点结合起
    来自动判别速度谱数据中的野值,并予以剔除。提出了适用于二维工区和大倾角地区的三
    维逐层层速度反演方法,并据此层速度计算法射线方向和铅垂方向的平均速度及均方根速度。
    还对本方法反演的层速度与井中层速度的差异进行了分析,给出了相应的校正方法。在分析
    相交测线速度不闭合原因的基础上,考虑速度的变化规律,提出采用多段折线最优逼近平均
    速度的方法,并采用科学的方法进行校正,解决了相交测线处的速度闭合问题。
Seismic reservoir prediction is one of the main tools in reservoir description,
     and has become a core in reservoir geophysics. With the gradual increase of
     seismic attributes calculated from seismic data, the problem of seismic-attributes
     optimization, which is related closely to seismic reservoir prediction, has become one
     of the problems to be solved in oil & gas exploration and development.
     As far as the problem above is concerned, this paper reviews the methods of
     seismic reservoir prediction which plays a leading role in the industiy application,
     discusses the computing methods of seismic attributes and shows the geophysical
     implication of seismic attributes. In this paper, the author introduces Genetic
     Algorithm(GA) for the first time, and realizes seismic attribute optimization in
     seismic facies recognition with Kohonen network. The paper relates briefly the
     principle of seismic attribute optimization in predicting reservoir parameters with
     seismic data. And also, for the first time ,the author applies Complete Utilization of
     Sample Information (CUSD network to the seismic reservoir parameters prediction,
     establishes the evaluation standard on seismic attribute groups; and introduces
     creatively the combination GA with CUSI so as to realize seismic attribute
     optimization in the seismic reservoir parameters prediction with function
     approximation method. Aiming at different areas and different reservoirs, the paper
     introduces primarily the method of optimizing seismic attribute group with tactics by
     means of automation, or expert-automation combination.
     Furthermore, this paper first introduces the decision method based on Rough
     Set (PS) theory in seismic reservoir prediction, which provides a new method for
     seismic pattern recognition. It puts forward an optimization rule of seismic
     attributes discretization; points out creatively that the combination of PS theory
     with Kohonen and BP network to realize the method of optimizing seismic attribute
     group most sensitive (or most effective, most representative) in oil & gas prediction,
     creates a method of seismic attribute optimization independent of particular pattern
     recognition method and a set of systematic method of seismic attribute optimization
     adapting to different areas, different reservoirs and oil & gas fields.
     In addition, the paper advances a method of seismic attribute optimization
     combining expert knowledge with search optimization; proposes a feasible method
     predicting permeability based on combining function approximation with seismic
     attribute optimization, and makes a comparison among methods of Seismic attribute
     optimization.
     Finally, in this paper, the author introduces Gmbbs method and t-test method of
     mathematical statistics, distinguishes abnormal values in velocity spectrum data with
     combination of merits of the two methods, and then rejects the abnormal values. The
     author advances a 3-D inversion method of layer-by-layer interval velocity suitable
    
    
    
     the 2-D area and the large dip area. At the same time, the average velocities and RMS
     velocities in normal ray direction and plumb direction can be computed ~th the
     interval velocity. Furthermore, the error between the interval velocity inverted by the
     method and the velocity in well is also analyzed, and the correction method is also put
     forward corresponding to the error. On the basis of analyzing the causes with which
     there are mis-tie in cross-line and considering the law of velocity change, the author
     raises the method of optimum-approximation average velocity with multi-segment
     polygonal
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