基于PLC控制的真空磁力控制站测控系统的研究
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摘要
本文研究的内容是山西省科技攻关项目“矿用隔爆兼本质安全型智能化真空磁力控制站的研究”(NO．20002013)，主要是针对矿井高产高效综合自动化采煤工作面大型电动机的集中控制和保护问题提出的。通过分析目前磁力起动器所存在的缺陷，以PLC为中央控制单元，设计了一种新型智能化组合磁力控制站测控系统。该系统能自动转换控制方式，具有漏电、短路、过载、断相、欠压、过压、过热等保护功能，通过触摸式液晶显示系统，不仅能显示各路负荷的工作状态和工作参数，而且能记忆其故障状态和故障参数。
本文首先总体介绍了真空磁力控制站的发展与现状，阐述了研究该系统的重要性和必要性，提出了测控系统的性能指标、控制原则和技术要求，制定了测控系统的控制策略和控制方法。
根据矿井生产安全要求，设计了性能优良的本质安全型先导电路，分析了单速异步电动机和双速异步电动机的各种故障特征和保护原理，确立了每种故障保护的动作指标，介绍了结构化程序的设计方法，设计了监控程序及各功能模块程序。其中重点阐述了测控系统的设计思想、工作原理、硬件构成及软件框图。
根据矿井电网的实际情况，分析了工业生产环境存在的干扰源及所产生干扰信号的特征，针对不同特征的干扰信号，制定了相应的硬件、软件防治措施。
该测控系统采用适应工业环境的可靠性高、抗干扰能力强的PLC为控制核心，并应用新型的保护原理及大规模集成电路构成信号采样电路，因此性能稳定，动作可靠。磁力控制站的初步运行表明：该测控系统集保护及汉字显示于一体，具有传统保护系统无法比拟的实用性、可靠性和安全性。
The research project in this thesis is a part of "Study on flameproof and intrinsically safe intelligent vacuum magnetic-switchgear (FISIVMS)" (No.20002013), which is aimed at solving the key problems of centralized control and integrated protection of high capacity motors in high yield and efficiency automation coal faces and sponsored by Education Committee, Science and Technology Committee of Shanxi Province. By analyzing the limitations of magnetic-switchgear at present, a novel intelligent combined switchgear measurement and control system is developed based on programmable logic controller(PLC). Many protective and monitoring functions are integrated in the system, such as pilot circuit monitoring, earth-fault monitoring, short circuit protection, over-load protection, phase symmetry and phase loss monitoring, over voltage protection, under voltage protection, motor thermal monitoring and so on. All measuring results, fault states, fault parameters and error messages of six motors controlled by the sys
tem are sent to the liquid crystal display module via the existing serial data connection.
First of all, the development history and present situation of FISIVMS are reviewed, the significance and importance to develop the measurement and control system(MCS) of FISIVMS are also introduced. In addition, the function specifications, control principle and technical requirements are put forward and the control strategies and methods of MCS are drawn up in this thesis.
According to the safety requirements of underground electrical equipment, an excellent intrinsically safe pilot circuit is designed, the fault characteristics and protection principle of asynchronous motor with single speed and double speed used in underground are simultaneously analyzed, the function parameters corresponding to the fault protections for high capacity motors are determined. At the same time, module program design method and compiled monitoring program and function subprograms are emphatically described. Especially, more attention is paid to the design philosophy, operation principle,
hardware block diagram and software flow chart of MCS.
From the actual cases of underground electrical distribution networks, the interference sources and features of interference signals in industrious environment are discussed. Besides, anti-interference measures by use of hardware and software are taken to eliminate interference singles in this paper.
The measurement and control system based on PLC, combined with new protective theory and signal-sampling circuit consisted of large-scale integrated circuits, has been developed last year. All performance and feature parameters are all satisfied the technical requirements proposed by research application. It has been proved by preliminary field tests that the system with its application programs is more utilizable, reliable and safety than other traditional protective systems.
本文首先总体介绍了真空磁力控制站的发展与现状，阐述了研究该系统的重要性和必要性，提出了测控系统的性能指标、控制原则和技术要求，制定了测控系统的控制策略和控制方法。
根据矿井生产安全要求，设计了性能优良的本质安全型先导电路，分析了单速异步电动机和双速异步电动机的各种故障特征和保护原理，确立了每种故障保护的动作指标，介绍了结构化程序的设计方法，设计了监控程序及各功能模块程序。其中重点阐述了测控系统的设计思想、工作原理、硬件构成及软件框图。
根据矿井电网的实际情况，分析了工业生产环境存在的干扰源及所产生干扰信号的特征，针对不同特征的干扰信号，制定了相应的硬件、软件防治措施。
该测控系统采用适应工业环境的可靠性高、抗干扰能力强的PLC为控制核心，并应用新型的保护原理及大规模集成电路构成信号采样电路，因此性能稳定，动作可靠。磁力控制站的初步运行表明：该测控系统集保护及汉字显示于一体，具有传统保护系统无法比拟的实用性、可靠性和安全性。
The research project in this thesis is a part of "Study on flameproof and intrinsically safe intelligent vacuum magnetic-switchgear (FISIVMS)" (No.20002013), which is aimed at solving the key problems of centralized control and integrated protection of high capacity motors in high yield and efficiency automation coal faces and sponsored by Education Committee, Science and Technology Committee of Shanxi Province. By analyzing the limitations of magnetic-switchgear at present, a novel intelligent combined switchgear measurement and control system is developed based on programmable logic controller(PLC). Many protective and monitoring functions are integrated in the system, such as pilot circuit monitoring, earth-fault monitoring, short circuit protection, over-load protection, phase symmetry and phase loss monitoring, over voltage protection, under voltage protection, motor thermal monitoring and so on. All measuring results, fault states, fault parameters and error messages of six motors controlled by the sys
tem are sent to the liquid crystal display module via the existing serial data connection.
First of all, the development history and present situation of FISIVMS are reviewed, the significance and importance to develop the measurement and control system(MCS) of FISIVMS are also introduced. In addition, the function specifications, control principle and technical requirements are put forward and the control strategies and methods of MCS are drawn up in this thesis.
According to the safety requirements of underground electrical equipment, an excellent intrinsically safe pilot circuit is designed, the fault characteristics and protection principle of asynchronous motor with single speed and double speed used in underground are simultaneously analyzed, the function parameters corresponding to the fault protections for high capacity motors are determined. At the same time, module program design method and compiled monitoring program and function subprograms are emphatically described. Especially, more attention is paid to the design philosophy, operation principle,
hardware block diagram and software flow chart of MCS.
From the actual cases of underground electrical distribution networks, the interference sources and features of interference signals in industrious environment are discussed. Besides, anti-interference measures by use of hardware and software are taken to eliminate interference singles in this paper.
The measurement and control system based on PLC, combined with new protective theory and signal-sampling circuit consisted of large-scale integrated circuits, has been developed last year. All performance and feature parameters are all satisfied the technical requirements proposed by research application. It has been proved by preliminary field tests that the system with its application programs is more utilizable, reliable and safety than other traditional protective systems.
引文
1．李海英，郝俊芳，宋建成等．基于 PLC 控制的矿用隔爆兼本质安全型磁力控制站测控系统的研究．太原理工大学学报，2001 (11)
2．宋建成，谢恒堃，张红美等．双速双回路磁力起动器测控系统的程序设计．煤炭科学技术，1998，26 (1)：43～47
3．张学．可编程控制器在控制中的应用(一)．电工技术杂志，1999，(4) 43～47
4．陈永亭、汤连湘．微机型电动机保护装置．继电器，1998，26 (6)：28～38
5．宋建成，谢恒堃，杨同敏等．基于零序电流方向的选择性漏电保护系统的研究．电网技术，1998，22 (9)：53～57
6．宋建成，谢恒堃，王雁欣等．基于功率因数检测的矿井低压电网相敏保护的研究．电网技术，1999，23 (2)：38～42
7. M.T.Bishop,et al. Overcurrent Protection Alternatives for Underground Distribution Systems. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol.10, No.1, Jan. 1995
8．宋建成．智能化双速双回路隔爆兼本质安全型磁力起动器测控系统．低压电器，1998 (2)：39～43
9．SIEMENS. SIMATIC S7-200 可编程控制器系统手册．2000，6
10．SIEMENS. SIMATIC HMI TP7 触摸面板设备手册．2000，6
11．崔景岳，刘思沛，聂文龙．煤矿供电．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1988．
12．王崇林，邹有明．供电技术．中国科学院：煤炭工业出版社，1997
13．毛小建，孙炳松．一种新颖的本安防自启动电路．煤矿机电，2000 (1)：18～22
14．胡天禄．矿井电网的漏电保护．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1987
15．中华人民共和国能源部．煤矿安全规程．北京：煤炭工业出版社，
2001
16．王虹桥．附加直流电源的电缆绝缘在线检测新方法．煤炭科学技术，2000，28 (4)，19～21
17．邵富春．怎样保护电动机．北京：中国农业机械出版社，1984
18. Farag,Sam F.et al.Intelligent microprocessor-based devices provide advanced motor protection, flexible control, and communication in paper mills. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol.33, No.3, May. 1997
19．周海清．一种新颖的电动机多故障综合保护装置．电工技术杂志，1998 (7)：45～47
20．郝俊芳，李海英，宋建成．电动机控制系统本质安全型先导回路的试验研究”．电工技术杂志，2001 (9)：1～4
21．王志宏．煤矿井下用电与安全．北京：中国矿业大学出版社，1989
22．周航慈．单片机应用程序设计基础．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1991
23．芮美菊、史丽萍等．煤矿电网内部过电压自动测试分析系统．煤矿自动化，1994 (2)：44～46
24．李庆扬．数值分析．华中工学院出版社，1980
25．何立民．MCS-51 系列单片机系统及应用．北京：高等教育出版社，1995
26. Zimment,steve. et al.Proper motor protection safeguards your investments. Control Engineering, Vol.44, No.17, Dec 1997
27．丁恩杰、谭得健等．微机监控系统抗干扰方法的研究及设计．煤矿自动化，1995 (3)：10～12
28．王建文等．浅谈可编程控制器梯形图的设计方法．电工技术杂志，1995 (5)：37～39
29．王东、焦自平、石军．PLC 控制系统的可靠性和安全性设计方法．低压电器，1999 (5)：40～42
30．朱晓霞．浅谈 PLC 中信号采样和滤波处理方法．煤矿机电，2000 (3)：23～25
31．秦曾煌．电工学．北京：高等教育出版社，1991
32．于学谦，方佳雨．矿山运输机械．徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，1989
33．王太滨，马家栋．矿用双绕组双速电机的设计．煤矿自动化，1998 S1：192～195
34．杨芳春．电机与传动．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1995
36．童中祥．矿用真空电器过电压及抑制方法的研究．电器防爆，1995 (1)：5～7
37．戈军．RC 过电压吸收器在设计中的应用．煤矿设计，1995 (6)：23～25
38．张忠国．刮板输送机双速双驱动装置可靠性探讨．煤矿机电，1994 (1)：7～8
39. Heath, Dennis W.;Bradfield, H.I. Short circuit protection of energy-efficient motors. IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, v 3, n 1, Jan-Feb. 1997.41～44.
40．电子电路的抗干扰技术．中国科学院：科学出版社，1989
41. Valvoda, Frank R; Farrell, George W. Motor protection and time-current characteristics. Consulting-Specifying Engineer, Feb. 1995
42．许顺孝．PLC 控制系统输入和输出的可靠性设计．集美航海学报，1997，15 (4)：34～38
43. Freund, Arthur. TOTAL MOTOR PROTECTION. ECM: Electr Constr Maint, v 86, n 9, Sep. 1987.68～73
44．华北电力学院主编．电力系统故障分析．北京：电力工业出版社，1980
45. Fletcher, Harry. Overload protection for motors. Australian, Asian and Pacific Electrical World 60, Apr. 1995. p26
2．宋建成，谢恒堃，张红美等．双速双回路磁力起动器测控系统的程序设计．煤炭科学技术，1998，26 (1)：43～47
3．张学．可编程控制器在控制中的应用(一)．电工技术杂志，1999，(4) 43～47
4．陈永亭、汤连湘．微机型电动机保护装置．继电器，1998，26 (6)：28～38
5．宋建成，谢恒堃，杨同敏等．基于零序电流方向的选择性漏电保护系统的研究．电网技术，1998，22 (9)：53～57
6．宋建成，谢恒堃，王雁欣等．基于功率因数检测的矿井低压电网相敏保护的研究．电网技术，1999，23 (2)：38～42
7. M.T.Bishop,et al. Overcurrent Protection Alternatives for Underground Distribution Systems. IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol.10, No.1, Jan. 1995
8．宋建成．智能化双速双回路隔爆兼本质安全型磁力起动器测控系统．低压电器，1998 (2)：39～43
9．SIEMENS. SIMATIC S7-200 可编程控制器系统手册．2000，6
10．SIEMENS. SIMATIC HMI TP7 触摸面板设备手册．2000，6
11．崔景岳，刘思沛，聂文龙．煤矿供电．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1988．
12．王崇林，邹有明．供电技术．中国科学院：煤炭工业出版社，1997
13．毛小建，孙炳松．一种新颖的本安防自启动电路．煤矿机电，2000 (1)：18～22
14．胡天禄．矿井电网的漏电保护．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1987
15．中华人民共和国能源部．煤矿安全规程．北京：煤炭工业出版社，
2001
16．王虹桥．附加直流电源的电缆绝缘在线检测新方法．煤炭科学技术，2000，28 (4)，19～21
17．邵富春．怎样保护电动机．北京：中国农业机械出版社，1984
18. Farag,Sam F.et al.Intelligent microprocessor-based devices provide advanced motor protection, flexible control, and communication in paper mills. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol.33, No.3, May. 1997
19．周海清．一种新颖的电动机多故障综合保护装置．电工技术杂志，1998 (7)：45～47
20．郝俊芳，李海英，宋建成．电动机控制系统本质安全型先导回路的试验研究”．电工技术杂志，2001 (9)：1～4
21．王志宏．煤矿井下用电与安全．北京：中国矿业大学出版社，1989
22．周航慈．单片机应用程序设计基础．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1991
23．芮美菊、史丽萍等．煤矿电网内部过电压自动测试分析系统．煤矿自动化，1994 (2)：44～46
24．李庆扬．数值分析．华中工学院出版社，1980
25．何立民．MCS-51 系列单片机系统及应用．北京：高等教育出版社，1995
26. Zimment,steve. et al.Proper motor protection safeguards your investments. Control Engineering, Vol.44, No.17, Dec 1997
27．丁恩杰、谭得健等．微机监控系统抗干扰方法的研究及设计．煤矿自动化，1995 (3)：10～12
28．王建文等．浅谈可编程控制器梯形图的设计方法．电工技术杂志，1995 (5)：37～39
29．王东、焦自平、石军．PLC 控制系统的可靠性和安全性设计方法．低压电器，1999 (5)：40～42
30．朱晓霞．浅谈 PLC 中信号采样和滤波处理方法．煤矿机电，2000 (3)：23～25
31．秦曾煌．电工学．北京：高等教育出版社，1991
32．于学谦，方佳雨．矿山运输机械．徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，1989
33．王太滨，马家栋．矿用双绕组双速电机的设计．煤矿自动化，1998 S1：192～195
34．杨芳春．电机与传动．北京：煤炭工业出版社，1995
36．童中祥．矿用真空电器过电压及抑制方法的研究．电器防爆，1995 (1)：5～7
37．戈军．RC 过电压吸收器在设计中的应用．煤矿设计，1995 (6)：23～25
38．张忠国．刮板输送机双速双驱动装置可靠性探讨．煤矿机电，1994 (1)：7～8
39. Heath, Dennis W.;Bradfield, H.I. Short circuit protection of energy-efficient motors. IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, v 3, n 1, Jan-Feb. 1997.41～44.
40．电子电路的抗干扰技术．中国科学院：科学出版社，1989
41. Valvoda, Frank R; Farrell, George W. Motor protection and time-current characteristics. Consulting-Specifying Engineer, Feb. 1995
42．许顺孝．PLC 控制系统输入和输出的可靠性设计．集美航海学报，1997，15 (4)：34～38
43. Freund, Arthur. TOTAL MOTOR PROTECTION. ECM: Electr Constr Maint, v 86, n 9, Sep. 1987.68～73
44．华北电力学院主编．电力系统故障分析．北京：电力工业出版社，1980
45. Fletcher, Harry. Overload protection for motors. Australian, Asian and Pacific Electrical World 60, Apr. 1995. p26