磁势自平衡回馈补偿式直流传感理论研究
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摘要
强电直流测量装置的准确性与可靠性如何,对电冶炼、电化学工业经济运行影响极大。本文在对国内外关于强电直流计量研究现状及发展进行综述的基础上,系统论述了磁势自平衡回馈补偿式直流传感理论与方法的研究。
首先,本文第二章在研究传统直流互感器、双向磁放大器基本原理的基础上提出了一种新型的直流大电流传感理论,即磁势自平衡回馈补偿式直流传感理论。它把开环测量原理和闭环测量原理的优点和互补性有机地结合在一起。这种新型传感器,既具有直流闭环测量原理准确度高、线性度好、抗干扰能力强的优点,也具有开环测量原理电路结构调试简单、消除大功率驱动、且不存在系统振荡问题的优点。第三章建立了磁势自平衡回路和差值电流补偿回路的数学模型,并在应用软件MATLAB下进行整个系统的计算机仿真,证明了磁势自平衡回馈补偿式直流传感器的高准确度和实际可行性。
接着,本文在第四章对磁势自平衡回馈补偿式直流传感器稳定性和暂态性能进行了分析。通过对磁势自平衡回路和差值电流补偿回路的稳定性分析,以及暂态性能的分析,说明该系统具有良好的稳定性,而且暂态特性中差值电流响应时间短,起到了很好的自动跟踪补偿作用,从而保证了整个系统的测量精度。
然后,本文在第五章对磁势自平衡回馈补偿式直流传感器频谱进行了分析。首先对磁势自平衡回路的电流波形进行了定量分析,拟合出电流波形曲线在一个周期内的方程式,并对其进行频谱分析,从而对滤波电感大小的取值给出了理论依据。
文章最后对研究工作做了总结和展望。
The accuracy and reliability of the heavy DC metrical devices have great effect on the electrochemistry and electrometal factory. Based on the status and development of the heavy DC measurement all over the world, a fire-new DC sensing theory based on magnetic potential self-balance and feed-back compensation is discussed systematically in this thesis.
Firstly, in chapter 2 of this thesis, a fire-new heavy DC sensor theory, DC sensor based on magnetic potential self-balance and feedback compensation, has been put forward based on the research of basic principles about traditional DC transducer and two-way magnetic magnifier. This DC sensor combines organically merits and complements of DC transducer and two-way magnetic magnifier together. The characteristics of the system are: simple construction, high precision, good stability and reliability. In chapter 3, it is established that the mathematical model of heavy DC sensor based on magnetic potential self-balance and feed-back compensation. Furthermore, the stability of them has been analyzed through computer simulation in MATLAB. The simulation results proved that the DC sensor has excellent stability and practicability.
Then, in the chapter 4, the system stability and transient state performance analysis are discussed. By analysing the stability and transient performance of the magnetic potential self-balance loop, the characteristics of the system are illuminated, namely high precision (the error less than 0.1%), good stability and reliability, good compensation performance and quick response time.
Finally, in chapter 5, it is introduced that frequency spectrum analysis of DC sensor based on magnetic potential self-balance and feedback compensation. Current wave equation of magnetic potential self-balance loop during a cycle is given. Its frequency spectrum is analyzed. It is theory foundation for us to choice the size of inductor.
The research is summarized in the end of the thesis.
首先,本文第二章在研究传统直流互感器、双向磁放大器基本原理的基础上提出了一种新型的直流大电流传感理论,即磁势自平衡回馈补偿式直流传感理论。它把开环测量原理和闭环测量原理的优点和互补性有机地结合在一起。这种新型传感器,既具有直流闭环测量原理准确度高、线性度好、抗干扰能力强的优点,也具有开环测量原理电路结构调试简单、消除大功率驱动、且不存在系统振荡问题的优点。第三章建立了磁势自平衡回路和差值电流补偿回路的数学模型,并在应用软件MATLAB下进行整个系统的计算机仿真,证明了磁势自平衡回馈补偿式直流传感器的高准确度和实际可行性。
接着,本文在第四章对磁势自平衡回馈补偿式直流传感器稳定性和暂态性能进行了分析。通过对磁势自平衡回路和差值电流补偿回路的稳定性分析,以及暂态性能的分析,说明该系统具有良好的稳定性,而且暂态特性中差值电流响应时间短,起到了很好的自动跟踪补偿作用,从而保证了整个系统的测量精度。
然后,本文在第五章对磁势自平衡回馈补偿式直流传感器频谱进行了分析。首先对磁势自平衡回路的电流波形进行了定量分析,拟合出电流波形曲线在一个周期内的方程式,并对其进行频谱分析,从而对滤波电感大小的取值给出了理论依据。
文章最后对研究工作做了总结和展望。
The accuracy and reliability of the heavy DC metrical devices have great effect on the electrochemistry and electrometal factory. Based on the status and development of the heavy DC measurement all over the world, a fire-new DC sensing theory based on magnetic potential self-balance and feed-back compensation is discussed systematically in this thesis.
Firstly, in chapter 2 of this thesis, a fire-new heavy DC sensor theory, DC sensor based on magnetic potential self-balance and feedback compensation, has been put forward based on the research of basic principles about traditional DC transducer and two-way magnetic magnifier. This DC sensor combines organically merits and complements of DC transducer and two-way magnetic magnifier together. The characteristics of the system are: simple construction, high precision, good stability and reliability. In chapter 3, it is established that the mathematical model of heavy DC sensor based on magnetic potential self-balance and feed-back compensation. Furthermore, the stability of them has been analyzed through computer simulation in MATLAB. The simulation results proved that the DC sensor has excellent stability and practicability.
Then, in the chapter 4, the system stability and transient state performance analysis are discussed. By analysing the stability and transient performance of the magnetic potential self-balance loop, the characteristics of the system are illuminated, namely high precision (the error less than 0.1%), good stability and reliability, good compensation performance and quick response time.
Finally, in chapter 5, it is introduced that frequency spectrum analysis of DC sensor based on magnetic potential self-balance and feedback compensation. Current wave equation of magnetic potential self-balance loop during a cycle is given. Its frequency spectrum is analyzed. It is theory foundation for us to choice the size of inductor.
The research is summarized in the end of the thesis.
引文
局办公室.强直流设备检验技术.国家技术监督局值班摘报,1998(10)
青铜峡铝厂. 强直流设备在线检测试技术在青铜峡铝厂的应用. 1995(11)
中国有色金属工业总公司强直流电测试站. 直属重点铝厂强功率交直流电能及整流效率测试情况综合报告. 1994(3)
中国有色金属工业总公司. 关于对直属重点铝厂开展直流电测试的通知. (93)中色企字0250号,1993(4)
W.J.M.Moore and P.N.Miljanic. The Current Comparator. London,United Kingdom :Peter Peregrinus Ltd.,1988
揭秉信. 磁调制器的理论分析与计算. 仪器仪表学报,1982年,3(1):57～63
郭来祥. 磁调制器的理论与计算. 电测与仪表,1978年,No.9: 13～621
揭秉信. 大电流测量.北京:机械工业出版社,1987年
揭秉信,周予为译.斯佩克托尔 C A.直流大电流测量.北京:计量出版社, 1983
郝文忠,崔乃仁, 王保利.新型直流大电流一次变换器.中国仪器仪表学会电磁测量信息处理仪器学会. 直流大电流测试技术及其仪器仪表学术讨论会,第29号,1987(12)
杜厚金,李静新. 直流电流互感器.发明专利申请公开说明书,公开号:CN 1031427A, 1989(3)
Lioyd D.V. and Taylor C.W. A hall-effect measuring system for large direct and alternating current. Electronic Engineering, 1967, 39(473):452～457.
MacMartin M.P and Kuster N.L. A self-balancing direct current comparator for 20,000 amperes. IEEE Trans. On Magnetics, 1965, 1(4):96～402.
浙江大学发电教研组直流输电科研组. 直流输电. 北京:电力工业出版社,1982
徐垦,揭秉信.用于测量直流的双向铁芯磁放大器.电测与仪表,1996(12):33～35
High accuracy High Stability DC Current Detector. The Hitachi Hyoron. IEEE Trans. Commu. and lec.V.83.PP.W.Nov.1984(Japanese)
徐泽玮. 高稳定度电流检测磁放大器. 电测与仪表. 1984(7)
张冠生,陆俭国.电磁铁与自动电磁元件.北京:机械工业出版社,1982
Ren Shiyan and Ding Hengchun. A 300,000A High Precision DC comparator for On-Line Calibration and Measurement. IEEE Trans.Instrum.Meas.Vol.40, April,1991:281～283
任士焱.高精度开口式直流大电流比较仪. 华中工学院学报, 1984,12(1):107～112
任士焱.100,000安系列多通道开口磁调制式直流大电流比较仪.华中理工大学学报, No.3,1983:12～15
任士焱,“开口比较仪在直流大电流现场校验中的应用”,电测与仪表,No.6,1984:19～21
M.Groenenboon and J.Lisser. Accurate Measurement of DC and AC by Transformer. Electronic and Power. 1977, 23(1):52～55
Kuster N.L. Moore W.J.M and P.N.Miljanic. A current comparator for precision measurement of DC ratios. AIEE Trans. Communication and Electronics. 70, Jan., 1964:22～27
Shiyan Ren. Transient Current Measurement of Improved AC/DC Current Transformer for Power System. IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings, April, 1995
Klaus Grohmann,H.D.Hahlbohm and Dieter Hechtfischer. The Cryo Current Comparator as a Calculable DC ratio Standard . IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. IM-28(3),pp.205～211
Shiyan Ren, A 100,000-A high precision on-site measurement calibration
device for heavy direct current, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Feb.1990, 39(1):19～22
Eddy So, Shiyan Ren and David A.Bennett, High-current high-precision openable-core ac and ac/dc current transformers, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, April .1993, 42(2):571～576
Shiyan Ren, Hengchun Ding and Shengneng She, A low-current precision dc ac and dc/ac clamp-on measurement sensor, IEEE Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest, June.1994:305～306
Shiyan Ren, Hengchun Ding and Mingming Li, Analysis and calculation of magnetic shielding effectiveness for comparators, IEEE Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest, June 1994:40～41
Macmartin M.P. and Kusters N.L., A self-balancing direct current comparator for 20,000 amperes. IEEE Trans. On Magnetics. 1965,1(4):396～402
李庆扬,王能超,易大义. 数值分析.第1版. 武汉:华中理工大学出版社, 1982:97～105
Duane Hanselman, Bruse Littlefield等. 精通MATLAB-综合辅导与指南. 第1版.李人厚,张平安等译校. 西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998:112～115
陈卫国,冯峰,姚东等. MATLAB5.3应用指南.北京:人民邮电出版社,第1版,1999 :259～328
张志涌,刘瑞桢,杨祖樱. 掌握和精通MATLAB,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,第1版,1997:300～334
直流互感器及其应用经验汇编. 保定:河北保定市电器控制设备厂,1974
胡寿松.自动控制原理,北京:国防工业出版社,第3版,1994年
绪方胜彦. 现代控制工程. 北京:科学出版社,1976
任士焱,张智杰,周小雄,周术. 双重磁检测器直流大电流比较仪的稳定性研究[J]. 华中科技大学学报,2001,29(11):82～84
薛定宇. 控制系统的计算机辅助设计:MATLAB语言及应用. 北京:清华大
学出版社,1996,178～188
韩九强.MATLAB高级语言及其在控制系统中的应用.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1997
郑君里,杨为理. 信号与系统. 北京:高等教育出版社,1981
于素芹.信号与系统分析基础.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,1997
程正刚. 强电直流比较仪在线测试中谐波影响的研究.[硕士学位论文].华中科技大学图书馆,2000
W.J.M.Moore and P.N.Miljanic,The Current Comparator, Published by:Peter Peregrinus Ltd.,London,United Kingdom,1988
徐垦,揭秉信.具有误差调节的磁放大器直流大电流测量仪.电测与仪表,No.1,1998,35(385):6～7
揭秉信,陈宁安,徐垦.一种新型磁放大器式直流电流比较仪.华中科技大学学报, 2001,29(3):1～3
高永祥.用Origin软件作直线拟合.电力学报, Vol.18 No.2 2003:141～142
童诗白,华成英主编. 模拟电子技术基础. 北京:高等教育出版社,1980
邱关源主编.电路.北京:高等教育出版社,1999
王瑞华等编著.电子变压器手册.北京:科学出版社,1995
陈乔夫,李湘生.互感器电抗器的理论与计算.武汉:华中理工大学出版社, 1992
康华光主编.电子技术基础(模拟部分).北京:高等教育出版社, 1999
郑时伊主编.电气工程师手册.北京:机械工业出版社, 1987
别索诺夫著.饱和电抗器.北京:科学出版社, 1955
青铜峡铝厂. 强直流设备在线检测试技术在青铜峡铝厂的应用. 1995(11)
中国有色金属工业总公司强直流电测试站. 直属重点铝厂强功率交直流电能及整流效率测试情况综合报告. 1994(3)
中国有色金属工业总公司. 关于对直属重点铝厂开展直流电测试的通知. (93)中色企字0250号,1993(4)
W.J.M.Moore and P.N.Miljanic. The Current Comparator. London,United Kingdom :Peter Peregrinus Ltd.,1988
揭秉信. 磁调制器的理论分析与计算. 仪器仪表学报,1982年,3(1):57～63
郭来祥. 磁调制器的理论与计算. 电测与仪表,1978年,No.9: 13～621
揭秉信. 大电流测量.北京:机械工业出版社,1987年
揭秉信,周予为译.斯佩克托尔 C A.直流大电流测量.北京:计量出版社, 1983
郝文忠,崔乃仁, 王保利.新型直流大电流一次变换器.中国仪器仪表学会电磁测量信息处理仪器学会. 直流大电流测试技术及其仪器仪表学术讨论会,第29号,1987(12)
杜厚金,李静新. 直流电流互感器.发明专利申请公开说明书,公开号:CN 1031427A, 1989(3)
Lioyd D.V. and Taylor C.W. A hall-effect measuring system for large direct and alternating current. Electronic Engineering, 1967, 39(473):452～457.
MacMartin M.P and Kuster N.L. A self-balancing direct current comparator for 20,000 amperes. IEEE Trans. On Magnetics, 1965, 1(4):96～402.
浙江大学发电教研组直流输电科研组. 直流输电. 北京:电力工业出版社,1982
徐垦,揭秉信.用于测量直流的双向铁芯磁放大器.电测与仪表,1996(12):33～35
High accuracy High Stability DC Current Detector. The Hitachi Hyoron. IEEE Trans. Commu. and lec.V.83.PP.W.Nov.1984(Japanese)
徐泽玮. 高稳定度电流检测磁放大器. 电测与仪表. 1984(7)
张冠生,陆俭国.电磁铁与自动电磁元件.北京:机械工业出版社,1982
Ren Shiyan and Ding Hengchun. A 300,000A High Precision DC comparator for On-Line Calibration and Measurement. IEEE Trans.Instrum.Meas.Vol.40, April,1991:281～283
任士焱.高精度开口式直流大电流比较仪. 华中工学院学报, 1984,12(1):107～112
任士焱.100,000安系列多通道开口磁调制式直流大电流比较仪.华中理工大学学报, No.3,1983:12～15
任士焱,“开口比较仪在直流大电流现场校验中的应用”,电测与仪表,No.6,1984:19～21
M.Groenenboon and J.Lisser. Accurate Measurement of DC and AC by Transformer. Electronic and Power. 1977, 23(1):52～55
Kuster N.L. Moore W.J.M and P.N.Miljanic. A current comparator for precision measurement of DC ratios. AIEE Trans. Communication and Electronics. 70, Jan., 1964:22～27
Shiyan Ren. Transient Current Measurement of Improved AC/DC Current Transformer for Power System. IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings, April, 1995
Klaus Grohmann,H.D.Hahlbohm and Dieter Hechtfischer. The Cryo Current Comparator as a Calculable DC ratio Standard . IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. IM-28(3),pp.205～211
Shiyan Ren, A 100,000-A high precision on-site measurement calibration
device for heavy direct current, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Feb.1990, 39(1):19～22
Eddy So, Shiyan Ren and David A.Bennett, High-current high-precision openable-core ac and ac/dc current transformers, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, April .1993, 42(2):571～576
Shiyan Ren, Hengchun Ding and Shengneng She, A low-current precision dc ac and dc/ac clamp-on measurement sensor, IEEE Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest, June.1994:305～306
Shiyan Ren, Hengchun Ding and Mingming Li, Analysis and calculation of magnetic shielding effectiveness for comparators, IEEE Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements Digest, June 1994:40～41
Macmartin M.P. and Kusters N.L., A self-balancing direct current comparator for 20,000 amperes. IEEE Trans. On Magnetics. 1965,1(4):396～402
李庆扬,王能超,易大义. 数值分析.第1版. 武汉:华中理工大学出版社, 1982:97～105
Duane Hanselman, Bruse Littlefield等. 精通MATLAB-综合辅导与指南. 第1版.李人厚,张平安等译校. 西安:西安交通大学出版社,1998:112～115
陈卫国,冯峰,姚东等. MATLAB5.3应用指南.北京:人民邮电出版社,第1版,1999 :259～328
张志涌,刘瑞桢,杨祖樱. 掌握和精通MATLAB,北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,第1版,1997:300～334
直流互感器及其应用经验汇编. 保定:河北保定市电器控制设备厂,1974
胡寿松.自动控制原理,北京:国防工业出版社,第3版,1994年
绪方胜彦. 现代控制工程. 北京:科学出版社,1976
任士焱,张智杰,周小雄,周术. 双重磁检测器直流大电流比较仪的稳定性研究[J]. 华中科技大学学报,2001,29(11):82～84
薛定宇. 控制系统的计算机辅助设计:MATLAB语言及应用. 北京:清华大
学出版社,1996,178～188
韩九强.MATLAB高级语言及其在控制系统中的应用.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1997
郑君里,杨为理. 信号与系统. 北京:高等教育出版社,1981
于素芹.信号与系统分析基础.北京:北京邮电大学出版社,1997
程正刚. 强电直流比较仪在线测试中谐波影响的研究.[硕士学位论文].华中科技大学图书馆,2000
W.J.M.Moore and P.N.Miljanic,The Current Comparator, Published by:Peter Peregrinus Ltd.,London,United Kingdom,1988
徐垦,揭秉信.具有误差调节的磁放大器直流大电流测量仪.电测与仪表,No.1,1998,35(385):6～7
揭秉信,陈宁安,徐垦.一种新型磁放大器式直流电流比较仪.华中科技大学学报, 2001,29(3):1～3
高永祥.用Origin软件作直线拟合.电力学报, Vol.18 No.2 2003:141～142
童诗白,华成英主编. 模拟电子技术基础. 北京:高等教育出版社,1980
邱关源主编.电路.北京:高等教育出版社,1999
王瑞华等编著.电子变压器手册.北京:科学出版社,1995
陈乔夫,李湘生.互感器电抗器的理论与计算.武汉:华中理工大学出版社, 1992
康华光主编.电子技术基础(模拟部分).北京:高等教育出版社, 1999
郑时伊主编.电气工程师手册.北京:机械工业出版社, 1987
别索诺夫著.饱和电抗器.北京:科学出版社, 1955