微穿孔组合吸声结构研究
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摘要
对微穿孔吸声结构及其组合吸声结构的吸声特性进行研究,给出理论公式,分析相关参数对微穿孔吸声结构及其组合结构的吸声特性的影响,并建立相应的有限元模型。
首先介绍国内外微穿孔吸声结构的相关研究,并将已有的相关研究整理分类。其次理论求解微穿孔吸声结构的吸声系数公式,数值分析相关参数对吸声系数的影响,调节微穿孔板的孔径,使声阻与空气特性阻抗匹配,实现最大吸声系数；保证最大吸声系数的前提下,减小孔径、降低板的厚度或者增加穿孔率都可拓宽微穿孔吸声结构的吸声带宽；背腔深度增加,吸声系数共振峰向低频偏移,同时背腔声容节点会使第一阶吸声共振频带变窄。
提出一种基于微穿孔和腔内共振系统的组合吸声结构,运用模态展开法求解其吸声系数,并进行数值分析；通过调节腔内共振系统的参数(平板质量、力阻、弹簧劲度系数)增加系统的低频吸声特性,通过调节微穿孔板的参数(孔径、板厚、穿孔率)和空腔深度优化系统的中高频吸声性能,从而可在较宽频带获得较好的吸声效果。
最后提出一种微穿孔吸声结构的有限元模型,可以直接集合传递函数法计算微穿孔结构的吸声系数,而不用事先计算微穿孔板的声阻抗。进一步地通过算例与理论结果进行比对,验证模型的正确性。
In this thesis, the acoustic absorption of a composite sound absorption structure based on the micro-perforated plate and internal resonance system is investigated. The analytical formula for calculating the absorption coefficient of the composite sound absorption structure is derived by employing the modal expedition solution of the classical plate equation coupled with the acoustic wave equation. The proposed theory is validated with FEM results.
The thesis introduces and assorts the studies of the micro-perforated absorber first, and then gives the absorption formula of the micro-perforated absorber. The effects of the parameters of the micro-perforated absorber on the absorption coefficient are investigated. The results show that, the radius of the perforations needs to be sub-millimeter to make the absorber impendence match the air characteristic impedance when the maximum value of the absorption coefficient can be obtained; the absorption bandwidth can be expanded by reducing the orifice diameter, panel thickness or increasing perforation ratio; when the cavity depth increases, the first resonance absorption bandwidth will become narrow and the peak in absorption coefficient curve occurs at a lower frequency.
Then a composite sound absorption structure based on the micro-perforated plate and internal resonance system is proposed. The absorption formula is developed for the composite sound absorption structure based on the modal analysis solution. The sound absorption performance at low frequencies can be improved by adjusting the parameters of the internal resonance system, while sound absorption characteristic at the middle and high frequencies can be optimized by optimizing the parameters of the micro-perforated panel and the cavity depth.
Finally a FEM modal of the proposed micro-perforated absorption structure is built. With the FEM modal, the sound absorbing coefficient can be directly obtained without calculating the impedance of micro-perforated panel in advance. The numerical simulation results are consistent with those calculated by the analytical solution and therefore the FEM modal is validated.
首先介绍国内外微穿孔吸声结构的相关研究,并将已有的相关研究整理分类。其次理论求解微穿孔吸声结构的吸声系数公式,数值分析相关参数对吸声系数的影响,调节微穿孔板的孔径,使声阻与空气特性阻抗匹配,实现最大吸声系数；保证最大吸声系数的前提下,减小孔径、降低板的厚度或者增加穿孔率都可拓宽微穿孔吸声结构的吸声带宽；背腔深度增加,吸声系数共振峰向低频偏移,同时背腔声容节点会使第一阶吸声共振频带变窄。
提出一种基于微穿孔和腔内共振系统的组合吸声结构,运用模态展开法求解其吸声系数,并进行数值分析；通过调节腔内共振系统的参数(平板质量、力阻、弹簧劲度系数)增加系统的低频吸声特性,通过调节微穿孔板的参数(孔径、板厚、穿孔率)和空腔深度优化系统的中高频吸声性能,从而可在较宽频带获得较好的吸声效果。
最后提出一种微穿孔吸声结构的有限元模型,可以直接集合传递函数法计算微穿孔结构的吸声系数,而不用事先计算微穿孔板的声阻抗。进一步地通过算例与理论结果进行比对,验证模型的正确性。
In this thesis, the acoustic absorption of a composite sound absorption structure based on the micro-perforated plate and internal resonance system is investigated. The analytical formula for calculating the absorption coefficient of the composite sound absorption structure is derived by employing the modal expedition solution of the classical plate equation coupled with the acoustic wave equation. The proposed theory is validated with FEM results.
The thesis introduces and assorts the studies of the micro-perforated absorber first, and then gives the absorption formula of the micro-perforated absorber. The effects of the parameters of the micro-perforated absorber on the absorption coefficient are investigated. The results show that, the radius of the perforations needs to be sub-millimeter to make the absorber impendence match the air characteristic impedance when the maximum value of the absorption coefficient can be obtained; the absorption bandwidth can be expanded by reducing the orifice diameter, panel thickness or increasing perforation ratio; when the cavity depth increases, the first resonance absorption bandwidth will become narrow and the peak in absorption coefficient curve occurs at a lower frequency.
Then a composite sound absorption structure based on the micro-perforated plate and internal resonance system is proposed. The absorption formula is developed for the composite sound absorption structure based on the modal analysis solution. The sound absorption performance at low frequencies can be improved by adjusting the parameters of the internal resonance system, while sound absorption characteristic at the middle and high frequencies can be optimized by optimizing the parameters of the micro-perforated panel and the cavity depth.
Finally a FEM modal of the proposed micro-perforated absorption structure is built. With the FEM modal, the sound absorbing coefficient can be directly obtained without calculating the impedance of micro-perforated panel in advance. The numerical simulation results are consistent with those calculated by the analytical solution and therefore the FEM modal is validated.
引文
[1]何琳,朱海潮,邱小军,杜功焕.声学理论与工程应用.北京：科学出版社,2006.
[2]马大猷.微穿孔板吸声结构的理论和设计.中国科学,1975,38-50.
[3]王伟.微穿孔板吸声结构及在飞机降噪工程的应用研究.西北工业大学,硕士学位论文.
[4]马大猷.微穿孔板吸声体的准确理论和设计.声学学报,1997,22(5)：387-393.
[5]马大猷,刘克.微穿孔吸声体随机入射吸声性能.声学学报,2000,25(4)：289-296.
[6]K. Sakagami, M. Morimoto, M. Yairi, A. Minemura. A pilot study on improving the absorptivity of a thick micro-perforated panel absorber. Applied Acoustics, 2008,39:79-182.
[7]卢伟健,张斌,李孝宽.变截面微穿孔板吸声特性研究.噪声与振动控制,2009,2：147-150.
[8]徐颖,何立燕等.超细不锈钢纤维对厚微穿孔板吸声性能的影响.噪声与振动控制,2010,2：146-159.
[9]徐颖,任玉凤,李晨曦.穿入铜纤维薄微穿孔板吸声性能.噪声与振动控制,2011,3：136-140.
[10]李晨曦,徐颖,李旦望.羊毛纤维对薄微穿孔板吸声性能的影响.西北工业大学学报,2011,29(2)：263-267.
[11]Y.Y. Lee, E.W.M. Lee, C.F. Ng. Sound absorption of a finite flexible micro-perforated panel backed by an air cavity. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2005,287:227-243.
[12]T. Bravo, C. Maury, C. Pinhede. Sound absorption and transmission through flexible micro-perforated panels backed by an air layer and a thin plate. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2012,131(5):3853-3863.
[13]C. Wang, L. Huang. On the acoustic properties of parallel arrangement of multiple micro-perforated panel absorbers with different cavity depths. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2011,130(1):208-218.
[14]C. Wang, L. Cheng. Sound absorption of a micro-perforated panel backed by an irregular-shaped cavity. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2010, 127(1):238-246.
[15]M. Toyoda, D. Takahashi. Sound transmission through a micro-perforated-panel structure with subdivided air cavities. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2008,124(6):3594-3603.
[16]张宗茂,顾熙棠.双层微穿孔板吸声结构设计中的共振和反共振频率计算.噪声与振动控制,1994,1：13-17.
[17]毛东兴,王佐民.双层微穿孔板结构扩散场吸声特性.声学技术,1999,2：61-65.
[18]隋林强,赵晓丹,祝瑞银.遗传算法在双层微穿孔结构优化设计中的应用.噪声与振动控制,2006,26(2)：49-52.
[19]赵晓丹,张晓杰,姜哲.三层微穿孔板的优化设计及特性分析.声学学报,2008,33(1)：84-87.
[20]张晓杰,赵晓丹.多层微穿孔板的优化设计.电声技术,2008,2：71-74.
[21]J. Zou, Y. Shen, J. Yang, X. Qiu. A note on the prediction method of reverberation absorption coefficient of double layer micro-perforated membrane. Applied Acoustics,2006,67:106-111.
[22]K. Sakagami, K. Matsutani, M. Morimoto. Sound absorption of a double-leaf micro-perforated panel with an air-back cavity and a rigid-back wall:Detailed analysis with a Helmholtz-Kirchhoff integral formulation. Applied Acoustics, 2010,71:411-417.
[23]K Sakagami, M Morimoto, W Koike. A numerical study of double-leaf microperforated panel absorbers. Applied Acoustics,2006,67:609-619.
[24]K. Sakagami, T. Nakamori, M. Morimoto, M. Yairi. Absorption characteristics of a space absorber using a microperforated panel and a permeable membrane. Acoustics Science & Technology,2011,32(1):47-49.
[25]查雪琴,康健等.微穿孔板的应用技术.声学学报,1997,19(4)：258-265.
[26]刘克,Nocke C,马大猷.扩散场内微穿孔板吸声特性的实验研究.声学学报,2000,25(3)：211-218.
[27]刘克.微穿孔板和微缝板吸声体研究进展.应用声学,2002,21(1)：1-5.
[28]王鹏,王敏庆等.并联微穿孔板吸声结构研究.压电与声光,2008,30(4)：489-491.
[29]P. Cobo, J. Pfretzschner M. Cuesta, D.K. Anthony. Hybrid passive-active absorption using micro-perforated panels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2004,116(4):2118-2125.
[30]H. Zhou, B. Li, G. Huang, J. He, A novel composite sound absorber with recycled rubber particles, Journal of Sound and Vibration,2007,304:400-406.
[31]杜功焕,龚秀芬.高声压级时穿孔结构非线性声学特性的研究.声学学报,1984,9(5)：326-332.
[32]T.H. Melling, The acoustic impedance of perforates at medium and high sound pressure levels. Journal Sound and Vibration,1973,29:1-65.
[33]赵松岭,卢元伟.关于穿孔板的非线性声阻.物理学报,1978,27(5)：600-603.
[34]马大猷.高声强下的微穿孔板.声学学报,1996,21(1)：10-14.
[35]O. Onen, M. Caliskan. Design of a single layer micro-perforated sound absorber by finite element analysis. Applied Acoustics,2010,71:79-85.
[36]庞培森,汪鸿振.用传递矩阵法分析微穿孔板的吸声特性.声学技术,2006,25(1)：48-51.
[37]D.H. Lee, Y.P. Kown, Estimation of the absorption performance of multiple layer perforated panel systems by transfer matrix method. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2004,278(4-5):847-860.
[38]K.N. Rao, M.L. Munjal. Experimental evaluation of impedance of perforates with grazing flow. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1986,108(2):283-295.
[39]赵晓丹,赵燕燕.微穿孔板传递矩阵计算方法的改进及实验.声学技术,2009,28(2)：164-167.
[40]D. Chang, B. Liu, X. Li. An electromechanical low frequency panel sound absorber. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2010,128(2):639-645.
[41]王鹏,王敏庆等.温度变化条件下微穿孔板声学特性研究.振动、测试与诊断,2007,27(4)：267-269.
[42]王泽锋,胡永明.水下穿孔板结构的透声特性研究.声学学报,2008,33(2)：184-190.
[43]沈苏等.微穿孔板结构在管道声源特性测量中的应用分析.声学学报,2011,36(3)：281-290.
[44]孙亚飞,陈仁文等.应用微穿孔板吸声结构的飞机座舱内部噪声控制实验研究.声学学报,2003,28(4)：294-298.
[45]李玉芳,党宇豪.微穿孔板共振吸声结构在飞机喷流噪音控制上的应用研究.机械设计与制造,2005,11：128-130.
[46]赵晓丹,张晓杰,李守成.微穿孔板在降低NJI043DE汽车噪声中的应用.汽车工程,2008,30(6)：488-490.
[47]杜功焕,朱哲民,龚秀芬.声学基础.第2版.南京：南京大学出版社,2001.
[48]U. Ingard. On the theory and design of acoustic resonators. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 1953,25(6):1037-1061.
[49]康钟绪,季振林.穿孔板的声学厚度修正.声学学报,2008,33(4)：327-333.
[50]D.Y. Maa. Potential of microperforated panel absorber. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1998,104(5):2861-2866.
[51]A.J. Pretlove, Free vibrations of a rectangular panel backed by a closed rectangular cavity, Journal of Sound and Vibration,1965,2(3):197-209.
[2]马大猷.微穿孔板吸声结构的理论和设计.中国科学,1975,38-50.
[3]王伟.微穿孔板吸声结构及在飞机降噪工程的应用研究.西北工业大学,硕士学位论文.
[4]马大猷.微穿孔板吸声体的准确理论和设计.声学学报,1997,22(5)：387-393.
[5]马大猷,刘克.微穿孔吸声体随机入射吸声性能.声学学报,2000,25(4)：289-296.
[6]K. Sakagami, M. Morimoto, M. Yairi, A. Minemura. A pilot study on improving the absorptivity of a thick micro-perforated panel absorber. Applied Acoustics, 2008,39:79-182.
[7]卢伟健,张斌,李孝宽.变截面微穿孔板吸声特性研究.噪声与振动控制,2009,2：147-150.
[8]徐颖,何立燕等.超细不锈钢纤维对厚微穿孔板吸声性能的影响.噪声与振动控制,2010,2：146-159.
[9]徐颖,任玉凤,李晨曦.穿入铜纤维薄微穿孔板吸声性能.噪声与振动控制,2011,3：136-140.
[10]李晨曦,徐颖,李旦望.羊毛纤维对薄微穿孔板吸声性能的影响.西北工业大学学报,2011,29(2)：263-267.
[11]Y.Y. Lee, E.W.M. Lee, C.F. Ng. Sound absorption of a finite flexible micro-perforated panel backed by an air cavity. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2005,287:227-243.
[12]T. Bravo, C. Maury, C. Pinhede. Sound absorption and transmission through flexible micro-perforated panels backed by an air layer and a thin plate. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2012,131(5):3853-3863.
[13]C. Wang, L. Huang. On the acoustic properties of parallel arrangement of multiple micro-perforated panel absorbers with different cavity depths. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2011,130(1):208-218.
[14]C. Wang, L. Cheng. Sound absorption of a micro-perforated panel backed by an irregular-shaped cavity. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2010, 127(1):238-246.
[15]M. Toyoda, D. Takahashi. Sound transmission through a micro-perforated-panel structure with subdivided air cavities. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2008,124(6):3594-3603.
[16]张宗茂,顾熙棠.双层微穿孔板吸声结构设计中的共振和反共振频率计算.噪声与振动控制,1994,1：13-17.
[17]毛东兴,王佐民.双层微穿孔板结构扩散场吸声特性.声学技术,1999,2：61-65.
[18]隋林强,赵晓丹,祝瑞银.遗传算法在双层微穿孔结构优化设计中的应用.噪声与振动控制,2006,26(2)：49-52.
[19]赵晓丹,张晓杰,姜哲.三层微穿孔板的优化设计及特性分析.声学学报,2008,33(1)：84-87.
[20]张晓杰,赵晓丹.多层微穿孔板的优化设计.电声技术,2008,2：71-74.
[21]J. Zou, Y. Shen, J. Yang, X. Qiu. A note on the prediction method of reverberation absorption coefficient of double layer micro-perforated membrane. Applied Acoustics,2006,67:106-111.
[22]K. Sakagami, K. Matsutani, M. Morimoto. Sound absorption of a double-leaf micro-perforated panel with an air-back cavity and a rigid-back wall:Detailed analysis with a Helmholtz-Kirchhoff integral formulation. Applied Acoustics, 2010,71:411-417.
[23]K Sakagami, M Morimoto, W Koike. A numerical study of double-leaf microperforated panel absorbers. Applied Acoustics,2006,67:609-619.
[24]K. Sakagami, T. Nakamori, M. Morimoto, M. Yairi. Absorption characteristics of a space absorber using a microperforated panel and a permeable membrane. Acoustics Science & Technology,2011,32(1):47-49.
[25]查雪琴,康健等.微穿孔板的应用技术.声学学报,1997,19(4)：258-265.
[26]刘克,Nocke C,马大猷.扩散场内微穿孔板吸声特性的实验研究.声学学报,2000,25(3)：211-218.
[27]刘克.微穿孔板和微缝板吸声体研究进展.应用声学,2002,21(1)：1-5.
[28]王鹏,王敏庆等.并联微穿孔板吸声结构研究.压电与声光,2008,30(4)：489-491.
[29]P. Cobo, J. Pfretzschner M. Cuesta, D.K. Anthony. Hybrid passive-active absorption using micro-perforated panels. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2004,116(4):2118-2125.
[30]H. Zhou, B. Li, G. Huang, J. He, A novel composite sound absorber with recycled rubber particles, Journal of Sound and Vibration,2007,304:400-406.
[31]杜功焕,龚秀芬.高声压级时穿孔结构非线性声学特性的研究.声学学报,1984,9(5)：326-332.
[32]T.H. Melling, The acoustic impedance of perforates at medium and high sound pressure levels. Journal Sound and Vibration,1973,29:1-65.
[33]赵松岭,卢元伟.关于穿孔板的非线性声阻.物理学报,1978,27(5)：600-603.
[34]马大猷.高声强下的微穿孔板.声学学报,1996,21(1)：10-14.
[35]O. Onen, M. Caliskan. Design of a single layer micro-perforated sound absorber by finite element analysis. Applied Acoustics,2010,71:79-85.
[36]庞培森,汪鸿振.用传递矩阵法分析微穿孔板的吸声特性.声学技术,2006,25(1)：48-51.
[37]D.H. Lee, Y.P. Kown, Estimation of the absorption performance of multiple layer perforated panel systems by transfer matrix method. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2004,278(4-5):847-860.
[38]K.N. Rao, M.L. Munjal. Experimental evaluation of impedance of perforates with grazing flow. Journal of Sound and Vibration,1986,108(2):283-295.
[39]赵晓丹,赵燕燕.微穿孔板传递矩阵计算方法的改进及实验.声学技术,2009,28(2)：164-167.
[40]D. Chang, B. Liu, X. Li. An electromechanical low frequency panel sound absorber. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2010,128(2):639-645.
[41]王鹏,王敏庆等.温度变化条件下微穿孔板声学特性研究.振动、测试与诊断,2007,27(4)：267-269.
[42]王泽锋,胡永明.水下穿孔板结构的透声特性研究.声学学报,2008,33(2)：184-190.
[43]沈苏等.微穿孔板结构在管道声源特性测量中的应用分析.声学学报,2011,36(3)：281-290.
[44]孙亚飞,陈仁文等.应用微穿孔板吸声结构的飞机座舱内部噪声控制实验研究.声学学报,2003,28(4)：294-298.
[45]李玉芳,党宇豪.微穿孔板共振吸声结构在飞机喷流噪音控制上的应用研究.机械设计与制造,2005,11：128-130.
[46]赵晓丹,张晓杰,李守成.微穿孔板在降低NJI043DE汽车噪声中的应用.汽车工程,2008,30(6)：488-490.
[47]杜功焕,朱哲民,龚秀芬.声学基础.第2版.南京：南京大学出版社,2001.
[48]U. Ingard. On the theory and design of acoustic resonators. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 1953,25(6):1037-1061.
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