道路立体交叉交通污染分析与评价研究
|
摘要
随着人们对交通污染的日益关注,绿色、环保型的交通系统已经成为现代城市发展的必然要求。道路立体交叉作为公路网和城市道路网的重要节点,其交通污染问题显得尤为突出。从道路立体交叉线形设计指标出发,研究交通污染与道路立体交叉几何设计条件之间的内在联系,定量评价道路立体交叉设计方案的交通污染状况具有十分重要的理论意义和实用价值。论文在总结借鉴国内外相关研究成果的基础上,对道路立体交叉空气污染、噪声污染与几何线形设计指标之间的关系以及道路立体交叉方案交通污染评价问题进行了研究。
论文对基于交通污染评价的道路立体交叉分解方法进行了研究。在分析左、右转匝道圆曲线单元、缓和曲线单元线形组成的基础上,选取典型的左出左入式、左出右入式、右出左入式、右出右入式、环圈式左转匝道和斜线式、单(复)曲线式、反向曲线式、平行线式右转匝道,进行了常见的三路立体交叉和四路立体交叉分解方法研究。匝道是道路立体交叉交通污染研究的关键部位,论文从分析车辆在匝道上的行驶速度变化入手,对匝道坡度、转弯半径对车速的影响进行了分析,建立了变速运动段车速与匝道长度之间的函数关系,为以车速作纽带建立污染物排放量、交通噪声能量与匝道长度之间关系奠定基础。
对于道路立体交叉空气污染研究,选取一氧化碳(CO)、碳氢化合物(HC)、氮氧化物(NOx)作为评价因子,将车辆分为小型车、中型车、大型车、特大型车、摩托车五大类,在总结、归纳、借鉴国内外单车污染物排放因子与速度关系研究成果的基础上,给出了五类车型、三种污染物的单车排放因子与速度拟合关系。通过车速与匝道长度之间的函数关系,建立了车辆在匝道上变速行驶时单车排放因子与匝道长度之间的函数关系,通过积分运算得到了单车污染物排放量计算公式,在此基础上,通过计算匝道、主线污染物总量得到了道路立体交叉的污染物总量计算公式。给出了道路立体交叉主线长度、左转匝道长度及右转匝道长度当量空气污染的含义及计算公式。
对于道路立体交叉交通噪声污染研究,选取等效声级作为评价量,给出了相对等效能量的含义及计算方法,在总结、归纳、借鉴国内外噪声级与速度关系研究的基础上,给出了相对等效能量与车速拟合关系,建立了相对等效能量与匝道长度之间函数关系,通过积分运算得到了单车相对等效总能量,继而得到了单车等效声级,在此基础上,通过匝道、主线车辆行驶等效声级叠加计算得到了道路立体交叉的等效声级。给出了道路立体交叉主线长度、左转匝道长度及右转匝道长度当量噪声污染的含义及计算公式。
选取道路立体交叉当量空气污染、当量噪声污染、影响系数共3大类12个指标,利用可拓学中的物元分析评价理论进行道路立体交叉方案交通污染综合评价。通过确定待评物元、经典域物元矩阵、节域物元矩阵、计算各指标权重、关联函数及隶属程度、对方案进行综合评价等过程建立了基于物元分析的道路立体交叉交通污染评价模型。
论文取得的主要研究成果有:提出了基于交通污染评价的道路立体交叉左、右转匝道及线形单元分解方法;分析了匝道车速变化过程,建立了车速与匝道长度之间的函数关系;建立了车辆在匝道上变速行驶时单车排放因子与匝道长度之间的函数关系,推导了单车污染物排放量和道路立体交叉污染物总量计算公式;给出了道路立体交叉主线长度、左转匝道长度及右转匝道长度当量空气污染的含义及计算公式;给出了相对等效能量的含义及计算方法,建立了相对等效能量与匝道长度之间的函数关系,推导了单车等效声级和道路立体交叉等效声级计算公式;给出了道路立体交叉主线长度、左转匝道长度及右转匝道长度当量噪声污染的含义及计算公式;提出了基于物元分析的道路立体交叉交通污染评价模型。
With people's concern about the traffic pollution day by day, the environment protection of traffic system has already become an inevitable request of the development of modern city. As important nodes of highway and urban road network, interchange’s traffic pollution seems to be a particularly important problem. So it has very important theoretical significance and practical value to study the inner relationship between traffic pollution and geometry design conditions of the interchange, and to quantitatively evaluate traffic pollution of interchange design according to geometric design index of interchange. The thesis systematically analyzes the relationship between air pollution, traffic noise and the geometric design index of interchange based on summarizing and consulting relevant research at home and abroad.
At first, the thesis studies the decomposed method of interchange from the starting of the demand of traffic pollution study. On the basis of analyzing the alighnment composing of circular curve unit and transition curve unit of left-turn and right-turn ramp, the typical left-turn ramp of the left-exit-and-left-entrance type, the left-exit-and-right-entrance type, right-exit-and-left-entrance type, right-exit-and-right- entrance type, circle type and right-turn ramp of oblique line type, single and compound curve type, reverse curve type, parallel type are chosen and the combined methods of the familiar three-leg interchange and four-leg interchange are studied. Since ramp is the key part of studying traffic pollution of interchange, the thesis starts with analyzing the change of vehicle travel speed when driving on the ramp, and then analyzes the impacts of ramps’slope and radius on vehicle speed. In the next place, on the principle of the vehicle pollutant emission and traffic noise energy accumulating gradually with the increased length of ramp, the thesis establishes the function between vehicle speed and the length of ramp, which settles the foundation of establishing relationship between pollutant emission, traffic noise energy and the length of ramps using the vehicle speed as the link.
For studying the air pollution of interchange, carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC ) and nitrogen oxide (NOx ) are chosen as the assessment factors. The thesis divides the vehicle into five types such as light-duty vehicle, medium-duty vehicle, heavt-duty vehicle, oversize vehicle and motorcycle. Besides, it provides the fitting relationship between emission factors of vehicular pollutants of the five vehicle types, three kinds of pollutant emission and vehicle speed, on the basis of summarizing, generalizing and consulting the research of the relationship between emission factors of vehicular pollutants and speed at home and abroad. Through the functional relationship between the speed and length of ramp, the functional relationship between the emission factors of vehicular pollutants and the length of ramp when accelerated traveling on the ramp is established, and the calculation formulae of emission of vehicular pollutant correspondent to the length of ramp is given through the integral operation, on the basis of which, through calculating the total amount of pollution of ramp and the main road, the whole amount of pollution of interchange is gotten. The thesis also presents the concept of the equivalent air pollution and provides the calculation formula of volume equivalent air pollution of interchange and extent equivalent air pollution of arterial road, left-turn ramp and right-turn ramp.
For studying the traffic noise pollution of interchange, the thesis chooses the equivalent sound level as the assessment index and defines the concepts and calculation method of relative equivalent energy. On the basis of summarizing, generalizing and consulting the research of the relationship between noise level and speed at home and abroad, it provides the fitting relationship between relative equivalent energy and vehicle speed, and establishes the functional relationship between relative equivalent energy and the length of ramps. The total relative equivalent energy of vehicle correspondent to the length of ramp is given through the integral operation, and then, equivalent sound level of vehicle is presented, on the basis of which, through overlapping calculating equivalent sound level of vehicle on the ramp and the main road, the whole equivalent sound level of interchange is presented. The thesis also proposes the concept of the equivalent noise pollution and provides the calculation formula of volume equivalent noise pollution of interchange and extent equivalent noise pollution of main road, left-turn ramp and right-turn ramp.
The thesis chooses fifteen indexes of three categories including equivalent air pollution, equivalent noise pollution and reduction coefficient. On the basis of comparing the methods of fuzzy synthetic evaluation、grey relevancy analyzing evaluation、hierarchical level assessment、neural network evaluation、matter element analysis evaluation and so on, matter element analysis method is chosen to evaluate the traffic pollution of the design of interchange. Through determining expected evaluation matter element, traditional matter element matrix and matter element matrix, calculating each index weighting, relating function and the subjection degree, and comprehensive evaluating the schemes, the thesis establishes traffic pollution evaluation model of interchange based on matter element analysis, and chooses the minimum traffic pollution plan from lots of design schemes.
The main research results of the thesis are: proposing the decomposed method of left-turn and right-turn ramp and alinghment unit of interchange based on traffic pollution analysis; analyzing the course of speed change on the ramp and the influence factors, and establishing the functional relationship between speed and the length of ramps; establishing the functional relationship between emission factors of vehicular pollutants and the length of the ramp when traveling on ramps, and deducing the calculation formulae of emission of vehicular pollutants and the total emission of interchange pollutants; Proposing the concepts and calculation formulae of volume equivalent air pollution of interchange and extent equivalent air pollution of arterial road, left-turn ramp and right-turn ramp; presenting the concepts and calculation formulae of relative equivalent energy, establishing the functional relationship between the relative equivalent energy and the length of ramps, and deducing the calculation formulae of equivalent sound level of vehicle and of the whole interchange; Proposing the concepts and calculation formulae of volume equivalent noise pollution of interchange and extent equivalent air pollution of main road, left-turn ramp and right-turn ramp; Presenting traffic pollution evaluation model of interchange based on matter element analysis.
论文对基于交通污染评价的道路立体交叉分解方法进行了研究。在分析左、右转匝道圆曲线单元、缓和曲线单元线形组成的基础上,选取典型的左出左入式、左出右入式、右出左入式、右出右入式、环圈式左转匝道和斜线式、单(复)曲线式、反向曲线式、平行线式右转匝道,进行了常见的三路立体交叉和四路立体交叉分解方法研究。匝道是道路立体交叉交通污染研究的关键部位,论文从分析车辆在匝道上的行驶速度变化入手,对匝道坡度、转弯半径对车速的影响进行了分析,建立了变速运动段车速与匝道长度之间的函数关系,为以车速作纽带建立污染物排放量、交通噪声能量与匝道长度之间关系奠定基础。
对于道路立体交叉空气污染研究,选取一氧化碳(CO)、碳氢化合物(HC)、氮氧化物(NOx)作为评价因子,将车辆分为小型车、中型车、大型车、特大型车、摩托车五大类,在总结、归纳、借鉴国内外单车污染物排放因子与速度关系研究成果的基础上,给出了五类车型、三种污染物的单车排放因子与速度拟合关系。通过车速与匝道长度之间的函数关系,建立了车辆在匝道上变速行驶时单车排放因子与匝道长度之间的函数关系,通过积分运算得到了单车污染物排放量计算公式,在此基础上,通过计算匝道、主线污染物总量得到了道路立体交叉的污染物总量计算公式。给出了道路立体交叉主线长度、左转匝道长度及右转匝道长度当量空气污染的含义及计算公式。
对于道路立体交叉交通噪声污染研究,选取等效声级作为评价量,给出了相对等效能量的含义及计算方法,在总结、归纳、借鉴国内外噪声级与速度关系研究的基础上,给出了相对等效能量与车速拟合关系,建立了相对等效能量与匝道长度之间函数关系,通过积分运算得到了单车相对等效总能量,继而得到了单车等效声级,在此基础上,通过匝道、主线车辆行驶等效声级叠加计算得到了道路立体交叉的等效声级。给出了道路立体交叉主线长度、左转匝道长度及右转匝道长度当量噪声污染的含义及计算公式。
选取道路立体交叉当量空气污染、当量噪声污染、影响系数共3大类12个指标,利用可拓学中的物元分析评价理论进行道路立体交叉方案交通污染综合评价。通过确定待评物元、经典域物元矩阵、节域物元矩阵、计算各指标权重、关联函数及隶属程度、对方案进行综合评价等过程建立了基于物元分析的道路立体交叉交通污染评价模型。
论文取得的主要研究成果有:提出了基于交通污染评价的道路立体交叉左、右转匝道及线形单元分解方法;分析了匝道车速变化过程,建立了车速与匝道长度之间的函数关系;建立了车辆在匝道上变速行驶时单车排放因子与匝道长度之间的函数关系,推导了单车污染物排放量和道路立体交叉污染物总量计算公式;给出了道路立体交叉主线长度、左转匝道长度及右转匝道长度当量空气污染的含义及计算公式;给出了相对等效能量的含义及计算方法,建立了相对等效能量与匝道长度之间的函数关系,推导了单车等效声级和道路立体交叉等效声级计算公式;给出了道路立体交叉主线长度、左转匝道长度及右转匝道长度当量噪声污染的含义及计算公式;提出了基于物元分析的道路立体交叉交通污染评价模型。
With people's concern about the traffic pollution day by day, the environment protection of traffic system has already become an inevitable request of the development of modern city. As important nodes of highway and urban road network, interchange’s traffic pollution seems to be a particularly important problem. So it has very important theoretical significance and practical value to study the inner relationship between traffic pollution and geometry design conditions of the interchange, and to quantitatively evaluate traffic pollution of interchange design according to geometric design index of interchange. The thesis systematically analyzes the relationship between air pollution, traffic noise and the geometric design index of interchange based on summarizing and consulting relevant research at home and abroad.
At first, the thesis studies the decomposed method of interchange from the starting of the demand of traffic pollution study. On the basis of analyzing the alighnment composing of circular curve unit and transition curve unit of left-turn and right-turn ramp, the typical left-turn ramp of the left-exit-and-left-entrance type, the left-exit-and-right-entrance type, right-exit-and-left-entrance type, right-exit-and-right- entrance type, circle type and right-turn ramp of oblique line type, single and compound curve type, reverse curve type, parallel type are chosen and the combined methods of the familiar three-leg interchange and four-leg interchange are studied. Since ramp is the key part of studying traffic pollution of interchange, the thesis starts with analyzing the change of vehicle travel speed when driving on the ramp, and then analyzes the impacts of ramps’slope and radius on vehicle speed. In the next place, on the principle of the vehicle pollutant emission and traffic noise energy accumulating gradually with the increased length of ramp, the thesis establishes the function between vehicle speed and the length of ramp, which settles the foundation of establishing relationship between pollutant emission, traffic noise energy and the length of ramps using the vehicle speed as the link.
For studying the air pollution of interchange, carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC ) and nitrogen oxide (NOx ) are chosen as the assessment factors. The thesis divides the vehicle into five types such as light-duty vehicle, medium-duty vehicle, heavt-duty vehicle, oversize vehicle and motorcycle. Besides, it provides the fitting relationship between emission factors of vehicular pollutants of the five vehicle types, three kinds of pollutant emission and vehicle speed, on the basis of summarizing, generalizing and consulting the research of the relationship between emission factors of vehicular pollutants and speed at home and abroad. Through the functional relationship between the speed and length of ramp, the functional relationship between the emission factors of vehicular pollutants and the length of ramp when accelerated traveling on the ramp is established, and the calculation formulae of emission of vehicular pollutant correspondent to the length of ramp is given through the integral operation, on the basis of which, through calculating the total amount of pollution of ramp and the main road, the whole amount of pollution of interchange is gotten. The thesis also presents the concept of the equivalent air pollution and provides the calculation formula of volume equivalent air pollution of interchange and extent equivalent air pollution of arterial road, left-turn ramp and right-turn ramp.
For studying the traffic noise pollution of interchange, the thesis chooses the equivalent sound level as the assessment index and defines the concepts and calculation method of relative equivalent energy. On the basis of summarizing, generalizing and consulting the research of the relationship between noise level and speed at home and abroad, it provides the fitting relationship between relative equivalent energy and vehicle speed, and establishes the functional relationship between relative equivalent energy and the length of ramps. The total relative equivalent energy of vehicle correspondent to the length of ramp is given through the integral operation, and then, equivalent sound level of vehicle is presented, on the basis of which, through overlapping calculating equivalent sound level of vehicle on the ramp and the main road, the whole equivalent sound level of interchange is presented. The thesis also proposes the concept of the equivalent noise pollution and provides the calculation formula of volume equivalent noise pollution of interchange and extent equivalent noise pollution of main road, left-turn ramp and right-turn ramp.
The thesis chooses fifteen indexes of three categories including equivalent air pollution, equivalent noise pollution and reduction coefficient. On the basis of comparing the methods of fuzzy synthetic evaluation、grey relevancy analyzing evaluation、hierarchical level assessment、neural network evaluation、matter element analysis evaluation and so on, matter element analysis method is chosen to evaluate the traffic pollution of the design of interchange. Through determining expected evaluation matter element, traditional matter element matrix and matter element matrix, calculating each index weighting, relating function and the subjection degree, and comprehensive evaluating the schemes, the thesis establishes traffic pollution evaluation model of interchange based on matter element analysis, and chooses the minimum traffic pollution plan from lots of design schemes.
The main research results of the thesis are: proposing the decomposed method of left-turn and right-turn ramp and alinghment unit of interchange based on traffic pollution analysis; analyzing the course of speed change on the ramp and the influence factors, and establishing the functional relationship between speed and the length of ramps; establishing the functional relationship between emission factors of vehicular pollutants and the length of the ramp when traveling on ramps, and deducing the calculation formulae of emission of vehicular pollutants and the total emission of interchange pollutants; Proposing the concepts and calculation formulae of volume equivalent air pollution of interchange and extent equivalent air pollution of arterial road, left-turn ramp and right-turn ramp; presenting the concepts and calculation formulae of relative equivalent energy, establishing the functional relationship between the relative equivalent energy and the length of ramps, and deducing the calculation formulae of equivalent sound level of vehicle and of the whole interchange; Proposing the concepts and calculation formulae of volume equivalent noise pollution of interchange and extent equivalent air pollution of main road, left-turn ramp and right-turn ramp; Presenting traffic pollution evaluation model of interchange based on matter element analysis.
引文
1 吴国雄, 李方. 互通式立体交叉设计范例. 人民交通出版社, 2002:8~11
2 乔翔 , 蔺惠茹 . 公路立体交叉规划与设计实务 . 人民交通出版社 , 2001:216~218
3 国家发展和改革委员会交通运输司. 《国家高速公路网规划》和《农村公路建设规划》内容简介. 交通运输系统工程与信息. 2005,16(3):213~216
4 张亚平. 快速路基本路段交通流特性和通行能力研究. 哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文. 2005
5 顾启英. 北京市四环路工程的系统设计. 城市道桥与防洪. 2003, 7(4):26~31
6 崔健球. 上海市内环线交通改善的构思. 城市道桥与防洪. 2003, (1):1~3
7 郭腾峰, 刘建蓓. 高速公路互通式立体交叉设计探讨. 公路. 2005, (2):119~123
8 许 伟, 魏立新. 广州市广园东路沙河立体交叉系统工程设计总结. 城市道桥与防洪. 2003, (3):24~25
9 蔡云霞. 哈尔滨市政桥梁方案选择的研究. 东北林业大学硕士学位论文. 2003
10 http://www.people.com.cn/GB/tupian/71/20021021/846568.html
11 http://www.sh.xinhuanet.com/zhuanti/csj/2005-12/01/content_5716554.htm
12 http://www.sasac.gov.cn/zyqy/gcjz/200702120178.htm
13 http://news.sohu.com/20060215/n241839911.shtml
14 http://ww1.machuser.com/Article/news/highway/200701/42743.html
15 齐庆宝, 刘晓峰. 后盐互通立体交叉设计. 辽宁交通科技. 2003,(6):31~33
16 http://www.chinahighway.com/news/2004/66311.php
17 张毅媚, 陈东光, 赵宪尧. 对在中心城区建设大型立体交叉桥的质疑与对策. 华中科技大学学报(城市科学版). 2005,22(2):39~41
18 王毅. 北京市高架道、桥交通噪声状况调查与对策研究. 中国环境监测. 1999,15(2):47~49
19 王 毅 . 从声环境保护谈立体交叉桥的建设与改造 . 环境与园林 . 2005,7(1):23~25
20 张岸亭, 庄义婷. 高架桥和立体交叉桥的噪声污染与防治. 环境科学研究.2005, 18(6):120~122
21 王文团, 石敬华. 城市立体交叉桥交通噪声变化规律与影响. 安全与环境学报. 2005,5(3):41~44
22 何大海. 立体交叉交通噪声预测与防治设计. 西部探矿工程. 2005, (12): 250 ~ 251
23 杨军. 立体交叉桥噪声等值线评价方法及软件开发. 环境监测. 1996, 10(2): 80~81
24 M. Andre, U. Hammarstrom. Driving speeds in Europe for pollutant emissions estimation. Transportation Research Part D 2000, 5:321~335
25 Andrew James Kean. Effect of Vehicle Speed and Engine Load On Emissions From In-Use Light-Duty Vehicles. 2002
26 Int Panis Luc, Broekx Steven, Liu Ronghui. Modeling Instantaneous Traffic Emission and the Influence of Traffic Speed Limits. Science of the Total Environment, 2006, 371(1-3): 270~285
27 Richard Anthony Margiotta (1996) Improved Vehicle Speed Estimation Procedures for Air Quality and Planning Application A Dissertation Presented for Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville
28 Jun Wang. Operating Speed Models For Low Speed Urban Environments Based On In-Vehicle Gps Data. 2006
29 Sean D. Beevers, David C. Carslaw. The impact of congestion charging on vehicle emissions in London. Atmospheric Environment 2005, 39:1~5
30 Zhao Hui, Cheung C S, Hung W T. Investigation of Motor Vehicle On-Road Exhaust Emissions Behavior. Journal of Combustion Science and Technology. 1999, 5(1):100~107
31 李本纲, 陶澍. 城市道路交通噪声预测理论——统计模型. 环境科学. 2000, 21(11):1~3
32 陈长虹, 景启国, 王海鲲. 重型机动车实际排放特性与影响因素的实测研究. 环境科学学报. 2005,25(7):870~872
33 刘浩学. 动态环境下汽车污染物排放及环境因素影响的研究. 长安大学博士学位论文. 2003
34 Danielis, A Chiabai. Estimating the Cost of Pollution from Road Transportation in Italy. Transportation Research. 1998, 3 (4): 249~258.
35 王文兴. 全球机动车污染控制. 环境科学研究. 1999,12(2):56~59
36 侯立文, 谭家美, 蒋馥. ArcGIS 在城市交通污染分析中的应用. 系统工程理论方法应用. 2006,15(3):270~272
37 Parikh Rajashi I. Effectiveness Of Signal Coordination As An Emission Reduction Measure For Vehicles. 2006
38 文晓青. 欧洲汽车尾气排放标准与环保. 汽车与环保. 2003,12(4):32~33
39 Okada Tomoko, Yoshiura Takashi, Tsubaki Koichi, Tajima Teruyuki. Approaches to the reduction of NOx/CO2 in the EPMS (Results of EPMS demonstration testing). IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Proceedings, ITSC, 1999: 831~833
40 李铁军, 张喆. 泰国曼谷的机动车排放控制. 世界环境. 2001,( 2):14~15
41 范秉琳. 香港从严治理汽车尾气排放. 福建环境. 2000,17(6):25~26
42 Luk Shiu-Fai. Impact of Road Traffic on the Environment of Hong Kong. 1998
43 杨晓娜, 申金升, 卫振林. 北京城市交通发展的环境影响分析. 交通环保. 2005,26(1):17~19
44 Bruno Brousse, Bruno Vidal, Xavier Ponticq, Ghislaine Goupil,_Rene Alary. Pollution dispersion at an urban motorway tunnel portal: Comparison of the small-scale predictive study with the actual conditions measured on the site. Atmospheric Environment 2005, 39 2459~2473
45 Lei Yu, Fengxiang Qiao. Collection and Evaluation of On-Road Vehicle Emission and Activity Data. Texas Southern University, 2004:53~55
46 Karl Oestergaard, Scott Porter. Investigation into the Performance of an On-Board Emission Measurement System Using a Vehicle Exhaust Emissions Simulator. SAE 2003,(1):3746
47 Claudio Mazzoleni. On-Road Particulate Emission Measurement. 2003
48 K. Ahmad, M. Khare, K.K. Chaudhry. Model vehicle movement system in wind tunnels for exhaust dispersion studies under various urban street configurations. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 2002, 90:1051-1064
49 Li Ling. Development of a grade sensitive transit bus driving cycle in San Francisco (California). 2004
50 Cooper C. David, Arbrandt Marten. Mobile Source Emission Inventories - Monthly or Annual Average Inputs To Mobile6? Journal Of The Air And Waste Management Association, V 54, N 8, August, 2004: 1006~1010
51 Fomunung Ignatius, Washington Simon, Guensler Randall. Comparison ofMEASURE and MOBILE5a predictions using laboratory measurements of vehicle emission factors. ASCE Specialty Conference, Proceedings, 2000:138~156
52 User’s guide to MOBILE6.1 and MOBILE6.2: Mobile Source Emission Factor Model, United States Environmental Protection Agency, March 2002
53 Rebolj Danijel, Sturm Peter J.. GIS based component-oriented integrated system for estimation, visualization and analysis of road traffic air pollution. Environmental Modeling and Software, 1999, 14(6): p 531~539
54 Hong Huang, Yoshiaki Akutsu, Mitsuru Arai, Masamitsu Tamura. A two-dimensional air quality model in an urban street canyon: evaluation and sensitivity analysis. Atmospheric nvironment 2000, 34: 689~698
55 Yuri N. Skiba, Valentina Davydova-Belitskaya. On the estimation of impact of vehicular emissions. Ecological Modelling 2003, 166:169~184
56 Tony Held, Daniel P.Y. etc. UCD 2001: an improved model to simulate pollutant dispersion from roadways, Atmospheric Environment, 37(2003)5325~5336
57 M Bielli , P Carotenuto , V Site. Transportation and Environment Interactions: The Italian Framework. Transportation Research. 1998, 3 (6): 389~397.
58 H Christopher Frey, Nagui Rouphail, Alper Unal, James Colyar. Emissions and Traffic Control: An Empirical Approach [R]. San Diego, CA: Proceedings, CRC On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop, 2000.
59 E. Corfa, F. Maury, P. Segers, A. Fresneau, A. Albergel. Short-range evaluation of air pollution near bus and railway stations. Science of the Total Environment. 2004, 335:223~230
60 Markus Robijanto Kusuma, Ph.D. The Effects of Transportation System Characteristics on the Success of Congestion Mitigation Strategies for Reducing Traffic Congestion and Air Pollution. 1999
61 Guodong Sun. An Integrated Study of China’S Air Pollution Management: Effectiveness, Efficiency, And Governance. 2000
62 Julia Andrea Gamas Buentello. Impacts of Urban Transportation Congestion and Pollution Reduction Policies: Analytical Studies of Two Latin American Cities. 2004
63 Mustapha Beydoun, B. A., M. U. R. P. Vehiclar Characteristics and Urban Air Pollution: Socioeconomic and Environmental Policy Issues. 2004
64 Paul Richard Lederer. Analysis and Prediction of Individual Emissions-Producing Vehicle Activity for Light-Duty Vehicles and Light-Duty Trucks on Freeway Entrance Ramps. 2001
65 李伟, 傅立新, 郝吉明. 中国道路机动车 10 种污染物的排放量. 城市环境与城市生态. 2003,16(2):36 ~38
66 王文, 于雷, 刘娟. 中巴车实测排放因子和 MOBILE6 预测值的对比分析. 交通环保. 2005,26(3):40~42
67 范颖玲,李铁柱,谢远长. 基于模糊AHP法定权的城市交通环境影响多级灰色评估模型. 交通环保. 2002, 23(6):1~5
68 王海鲲, 陈长虹, 黄 成. 应用模型计算上海市机动车污染物排放. 环境科学学报. 2006, 26(1):1~9
69 李铁柱. 城市交通大气环境影响评价及预测技术研究. 东南大学博士学位论文. 2001
70 邓顺熙, 陈洁, 李百川. 中国城市道路机动车CO、HC和NOX排放因子的测定. 中国环境科学. 2000,20(1):82~85
71 程继夏. 城市机动车保有量与环境交通容量计算模式和因子的研究.长安大学博士学位论文. 2003
72 Rajakumara H.N., Gowda R.M. Mahalinge, Simha L. Udaya. Traffic noise prediction model at gradients of the highway. Advances in Transport, v 16, Urban Transport X: Urban Transport and the Environment in the 21st Century, 2004, 795~799
73 El-Aassar, Ahmed. Modeling of atmospheric refraction effects on traffic noise propagation. 2006
74 Kim, Jonghoon. Effects of median barriers in reducing highway noise levels. 2006
75 Li, Wensheng. A comparative study of the physical mechanisms related to source model of FHWA's traffic noise model (TNM): Measurements versus modeling assumptions. 2005
76 Samuels, S., Ancich, E.. Recent Developments In The Design And Performance Of Road Traffic Noise Barriers. Acoustics Australia, 2001, 29(2): 73~78
77 李本纲. 城市道路交通噪声预测模型与评价方法. 北京大学博士学位论文. 2001
78 Pamanikabud, Pichai, Vivitjinda, Prakob. Noise Prediction For Highways InThailand. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2002, 7(6): 441~449
79 Dong G, Zhang G, Zhang Y. Motor Vehicle Highway System Able To Fully Isolate Noise. 2006
80 常玉林. 城市道路交通系统声环境分析和预测技术研究. 东南大学博士学位论文. 2001
81 陈子明. 快速高架复合道路临街建筑物正面声场分析. 中国环境科学,1996,16(3):213～216
82 雷晓燕, 圣小珍. 铁路交通噪声与振动. 科学出版社. 2004: 48~56
83 盛晔,潘仲麟. 高架复合道路噪声声场分布研究. 环境污染与防治, 2002,24(6):368~369
84 王波,王炜. 环形交叉口车辆噪声经验计算公式的推导. 重庆交通学院学报,2001,20(1):37~40
85 李东, 相伟丽,杜小玲. 城市道路立体交叉隔声屏障的研究. 公路交通科技. 1996, 13(3):33~35
86 HBared Joe G.TH, THPowell AlvinH, HKaisar EvangelosH. Traffic Planning Models For Single-Point And Tight Diamond Interchanges. Transportation Research Record, 2003, 1847: 52~57
87 Bonneson James Allen. Operational characteristics of the single-point urban interchange. TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY, 1990, 253
88 HEyerly Raymond W.H, HNassi Richard B.H, HTwark Richard D.H. Simulating Interchange Development Using Socioeconomic and Traffic Parameters. Coil Winding International, for Miniconf on Transp, Overview of Simul in Highw Transp, 1997, 7(1): 3~12
89 HWallman Carl-GustafH. Simulation of Traffic Flow at Grade-Separated Interchanges. Engineering & Control, 1976, (17): 406~409
90 HColwill D. M.H, HMiddleton D. R.H, HButler J. D.H. Gaussian Plume Dispersion Model Applicable To a Complex Motorway Interchange. TRRL Supplementary Report, 1979, 505: 25
91 龙科军. 城市立体交叉交通规划与设计基础问题研究. 同济大学博士学位论文. 2005
92 谢海红, 王颖. 道路互通式立体交叉方案综合评价实用方法. 中国公路学报. 2002, 15(4):22~24
93 张飘, 贺玉龙, 刘小明. 高速公路互通式立体交叉多目标决策模型评价方法研究. 公路交通科技. 2001, 18(5):72~76
94 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets[Z]. AASHTO, Washington, D.C, 2001, 748~754
95 Fredric C. Menz. The U.S Experience with Motor Vehicle Pollution Control. World Environment. 2002,(4):26~28
96 H.-J. Panitz, K. Nester, F. Fiedler. Mass budget simulation of NOx and CO for the evaluation of calculated emissions for the city of Augsburg (Germany). Atmospheric Environment 2002, 36(1):33-51
97 郝吉明, 傅立新, 贺克斌, 吴烨编著. 城市机动车排放污染控制. 中国环境科学出版社. 2001. 80~85
98 Yuri N. Skiba, Valentina Davydova-Belitskaya. On the estimation of impact of vehicular emissions. Ecological Modelling 2003, 166:169~184
99 H Christopher Frey, Alper Unal, JianjunChen. Recommended Strategy for On-board Emission Data Analysis And Collection for The New Generation Model [R]. Computational Laboratory for Energy, Air, and Risk Department of Civil Engineering North Carolina StateUniversity Raleigh, NC. 2002
100 Shu jiong. Determing the sources of atmospheric particles in Shang China form magnetic and geochemical properties. Atmospheric Environment, 2001, 15(12):2615~2625
101 Cheung C S, Zhao Hui, Hung W T. Determination of Emission Factors of Motor Vehicles from On-Road Emissions Measurement. Transactions of CSICE. 1999, 17(1):47~53
102 Mattew Jaeger Thornton. Modal Vehicle Activity On Freeway And Freeway Onramps: An Assessment Of The Oxides Of Nitrogen Emissions Impacts Resulting From Changes In Vehicle Operating Model Due To Ramp Metering Systems.2000
103 公路建设项目环境影响评价规范. 人民交通出版社, 1997
104 公路建设项目环境影响评价规范. 人民交通出版社, 2006
105 何东全, 郝吉明, 贺克斌. 应用模式计算机动车排放因子. 环境科学. 1998, 19(5):7~10
106 谢绍东, 宋翔宇, 申新华. 应用 COPERT 模型计算中国机动车排放因子. 环境科学. 2006, 27(3):415~419
107 苏小芳, 范炳全, 黄远东, 刘娟娟. 城市次干道路段机动车污染物排放因子的测定. 上海理工大学学报. 2004, 26(4): 318~322
108 李莉. GIS 环境下上海市机动车尾气污染研究. 华东师范大学硕士学位论文. 2004.
109 李修刚, 杨晓光, 王 炜. 用于城市交通规划的机动车污染物排放因子. 交通运输工程学报. 2001, 1(4):87~91
110 刘恩栋. 武汉市机动车排放因子的确定. 环境与开发. 2000, 15(3):36~37
111 王伯光, 张远航, 吴政奇. 广州市机动车排放因子隧道测试研究. 环境科学研究. 2001, 14(4):13~16
112 何春玉, 王歧东. 运用 CMEM 模型计算北京市机动车排放因子. 环境科学研究. 2006, 19(1):109~112
113 夏韡. 城市道路轻型车微观排放模型研究. 吉林大学硕士学位论文. 2005
114 陈燕涛. 车辆道路排放测试技术的研究. 武汉理工大学硕士学位论文. 2006
115 HZannin Paolo TrombettaTH, THLenzi ArcanjoH, HDiniz Belisario FabianoH, HCalixto AH, HFerreira J.A.C.H, HGiovanini C.H. Influence of the traffic composition and traffic flow on noise emitted by typical Brazilian roads. Acta Acustica (Stuttgart), 2003, 89: S126
116 HKato, YuichiTH, THYamaguchiT, TShizumaH. Prediction Method For Probability Distribution Of Road Traffic Noise At An Intersection. Acoustics Australia, 1990, 18(2):45-50
117 张玉芬. 公路路线设计与交通噪声防治. 中国公路学报. 1997, 10(4): 39~43
118 冯晓, 陈思龙, 赵琦. 道路机动车污染测评技术与方法. 人民交通出版社. 2003:88~90.
119 李天匀,唐山. 交通流噪声分析的流体力学特征线算法. 华中科技大学学报,2001,29(7):91~92
120 李祚泳, 丁晶, 彭荔红著. 环境质量评价原理与方法. 化学工业出版社. 2004:163~188
121 郑长江, 陈淑燕, 王炜. 交叉口公交优先通行方案的物元分析评价方法. 公路交通科技, 2004, 21(11):98~101
2 乔翔 , 蔺惠茹 . 公路立体交叉规划与设计实务 . 人民交通出版社 , 2001:216~218
3 国家发展和改革委员会交通运输司. 《国家高速公路网规划》和《农村公路建设规划》内容简介. 交通运输系统工程与信息. 2005,16(3):213~216
4 张亚平. 快速路基本路段交通流特性和通行能力研究. 哈尔滨工业大学博士学位论文. 2005
5 顾启英. 北京市四环路工程的系统设计. 城市道桥与防洪. 2003, 7(4):26~31
6 崔健球. 上海市内环线交通改善的构思. 城市道桥与防洪. 2003, (1):1~3
7 郭腾峰, 刘建蓓. 高速公路互通式立体交叉设计探讨. 公路. 2005, (2):119~123
8 许 伟, 魏立新. 广州市广园东路沙河立体交叉系统工程设计总结. 城市道桥与防洪. 2003, (3):24~25
9 蔡云霞. 哈尔滨市政桥梁方案选择的研究. 东北林业大学硕士学位论文. 2003
10 http://www.people.com.cn/GB/tupian/71/20021021/846568.html
11 http://www.sh.xinhuanet.com/zhuanti/csj/2005-12/01/content_5716554.htm
12 http://www.sasac.gov.cn/zyqy/gcjz/200702120178.htm
13 http://news.sohu.com/20060215/n241839911.shtml
14 http://ww1.machuser.com/Article/news/highway/200701/42743.html
15 齐庆宝, 刘晓峰. 后盐互通立体交叉设计. 辽宁交通科技. 2003,(6):31~33
16 http://www.chinahighway.com/news/2004/66311.php
17 张毅媚, 陈东光, 赵宪尧. 对在中心城区建设大型立体交叉桥的质疑与对策. 华中科技大学学报(城市科学版). 2005,22(2):39~41
18 王毅. 北京市高架道、桥交通噪声状况调查与对策研究. 中国环境监测. 1999,15(2):47~49
19 王 毅 . 从声环境保护谈立体交叉桥的建设与改造 . 环境与园林 . 2005,7(1):23~25
20 张岸亭, 庄义婷. 高架桥和立体交叉桥的噪声污染与防治. 环境科学研究.2005, 18(6):120~122
21 王文团, 石敬华. 城市立体交叉桥交通噪声变化规律与影响. 安全与环境学报. 2005,5(3):41~44
22 何大海. 立体交叉交通噪声预测与防治设计. 西部探矿工程. 2005, (12): 250 ~ 251
23 杨军. 立体交叉桥噪声等值线评价方法及软件开发. 环境监测. 1996, 10(2): 80~81
24 M. Andre, U. Hammarstrom. Driving speeds in Europe for pollutant emissions estimation. Transportation Research Part D 2000, 5:321~335
25 Andrew James Kean. Effect of Vehicle Speed and Engine Load On Emissions From In-Use Light-Duty Vehicles. 2002
26 Int Panis Luc, Broekx Steven, Liu Ronghui. Modeling Instantaneous Traffic Emission and the Influence of Traffic Speed Limits. Science of the Total Environment, 2006, 371(1-3): 270~285
27 Richard Anthony Margiotta (1996) Improved Vehicle Speed Estimation Procedures for Air Quality and Planning Application A Dissertation Presented for Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville
28 Jun Wang. Operating Speed Models For Low Speed Urban Environments Based On In-Vehicle Gps Data. 2006
29 Sean D. Beevers, David C. Carslaw. The impact of congestion charging on vehicle emissions in London. Atmospheric Environment 2005, 39:1~5
30 Zhao Hui, Cheung C S, Hung W T. Investigation of Motor Vehicle On-Road Exhaust Emissions Behavior. Journal of Combustion Science and Technology. 1999, 5(1):100~107
31 李本纲, 陶澍. 城市道路交通噪声预测理论——统计模型. 环境科学. 2000, 21(11):1~3
32 陈长虹, 景启国, 王海鲲. 重型机动车实际排放特性与影响因素的实测研究. 环境科学学报. 2005,25(7):870~872
33 刘浩学. 动态环境下汽车污染物排放及环境因素影响的研究. 长安大学博士学位论文. 2003
34 Danielis, A Chiabai. Estimating the Cost of Pollution from Road Transportation in Italy. Transportation Research. 1998, 3 (4): 249~258.
35 王文兴. 全球机动车污染控制. 环境科学研究. 1999,12(2):56~59
36 侯立文, 谭家美, 蒋馥. ArcGIS 在城市交通污染分析中的应用. 系统工程理论方法应用. 2006,15(3):270~272
37 Parikh Rajashi I. Effectiveness Of Signal Coordination As An Emission Reduction Measure For Vehicles. 2006
38 文晓青. 欧洲汽车尾气排放标准与环保. 汽车与环保. 2003,12(4):32~33
39 Okada Tomoko, Yoshiura Takashi, Tsubaki Koichi, Tajima Teruyuki. Approaches to the reduction of NOx/CO2 in the EPMS (Results of EPMS demonstration testing). IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Proceedings, ITSC, 1999: 831~833
40 李铁军, 张喆. 泰国曼谷的机动车排放控制. 世界环境. 2001,( 2):14~15
41 范秉琳. 香港从严治理汽车尾气排放. 福建环境. 2000,17(6):25~26
42 Luk Shiu-Fai. Impact of Road Traffic on the Environment of Hong Kong. 1998
43 杨晓娜, 申金升, 卫振林. 北京城市交通发展的环境影响分析. 交通环保. 2005,26(1):17~19
44 Bruno Brousse, Bruno Vidal, Xavier Ponticq, Ghislaine Goupil,_Rene Alary. Pollution dispersion at an urban motorway tunnel portal: Comparison of the small-scale predictive study with the actual conditions measured on the site. Atmospheric Environment 2005, 39 2459~2473
45 Lei Yu, Fengxiang Qiao. Collection and Evaluation of On-Road Vehicle Emission and Activity Data. Texas Southern University, 2004:53~55
46 Karl Oestergaard, Scott Porter. Investigation into the Performance of an On-Board Emission Measurement System Using a Vehicle Exhaust Emissions Simulator. SAE 2003,(1):3746
47 Claudio Mazzoleni. On-Road Particulate Emission Measurement. 2003
48 K. Ahmad, M. Khare, K.K. Chaudhry. Model vehicle movement system in wind tunnels for exhaust dispersion studies under various urban street configurations. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 2002, 90:1051-1064
49 Li Ling. Development of a grade sensitive transit bus driving cycle in San Francisco (California). 2004
50 Cooper C. David, Arbrandt Marten. Mobile Source Emission Inventories - Monthly or Annual Average Inputs To Mobile6? Journal Of The Air And Waste Management Association, V 54, N 8, August, 2004: 1006~1010
51 Fomunung Ignatius, Washington Simon, Guensler Randall. Comparison ofMEASURE and MOBILE5a predictions using laboratory measurements of vehicle emission factors. ASCE Specialty Conference, Proceedings, 2000:138~156
52 User’s guide to MOBILE6.1 and MOBILE6.2: Mobile Source Emission Factor Model, United States Environmental Protection Agency, March 2002
53 Rebolj Danijel, Sturm Peter J.. GIS based component-oriented integrated system for estimation, visualization and analysis of road traffic air pollution. Environmental Modeling and Software, 1999, 14(6): p 531~539
54 Hong Huang, Yoshiaki Akutsu, Mitsuru Arai, Masamitsu Tamura. A two-dimensional air quality model in an urban street canyon: evaluation and sensitivity analysis. Atmospheric nvironment 2000, 34: 689~698
55 Yuri N. Skiba, Valentina Davydova-Belitskaya. On the estimation of impact of vehicular emissions. Ecological Modelling 2003, 166:169~184
56 Tony Held, Daniel P.Y. etc. UCD 2001: an improved model to simulate pollutant dispersion from roadways, Atmospheric Environment, 37(2003)5325~5336
57 M Bielli , P Carotenuto , V Site. Transportation and Environment Interactions: The Italian Framework. Transportation Research. 1998, 3 (6): 389~397.
58 H Christopher Frey, Nagui Rouphail, Alper Unal, James Colyar. Emissions and Traffic Control: An Empirical Approach [R]. San Diego, CA: Proceedings, CRC On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop, 2000.
59 E. Corfa, F. Maury, P. Segers, A. Fresneau, A. Albergel. Short-range evaluation of air pollution near bus and railway stations. Science of the Total Environment. 2004, 335:223~230
60 Markus Robijanto Kusuma, Ph.D. The Effects of Transportation System Characteristics on the Success of Congestion Mitigation Strategies for Reducing Traffic Congestion and Air Pollution. 1999
61 Guodong Sun. An Integrated Study of China’S Air Pollution Management: Effectiveness, Efficiency, And Governance. 2000
62 Julia Andrea Gamas Buentello. Impacts of Urban Transportation Congestion and Pollution Reduction Policies: Analytical Studies of Two Latin American Cities. 2004
63 Mustapha Beydoun, B. A., M. U. R. P. Vehiclar Characteristics and Urban Air Pollution: Socioeconomic and Environmental Policy Issues. 2004
64 Paul Richard Lederer. Analysis and Prediction of Individual Emissions-Producing Vehicle Activity for Light-Duty Vehicles and Light-Duty Trucks on Freeway Entrance Ramps. 2001
65 李伟, 傅立新, 郝吉明. 中国道路机动车 10 种污染物的排放量. 城市环境与城市生态. 2003,16(2):36 ~38
66 王文, 于雷, 刘娟. 中巴车实测排放因子和 MOBILE6 预测值的对比分析. 交通环保. 2005,26(3):40~42
67 范颖玲,李铁柱,谢远长. 基于模糊AHP法定权的城市交通环境影响多级灰色评估模型. 交通环保. 2002, 23(6):1~5
68 王海鲲, 陈长虹, 黄 成. 应用模型计算上海市机动车污染物排放. 环境科学学报. 2006, 26(1):1~9
69 李铁柱. 城市交通大气环境影响评价及预测技术研究. 东南大学博士学位论文. 2001
70 邓顺熙, 陈洁, 李百川. 中国城市道路机动车CO、HC和NOX排放因子的测定. 中国环境科学. 2000,20(1):82~85
71 程继夏. 城市机动车保有量与环境交通容量计算模式和因子的研究.长安大学博士学位论文. 2003
72 Rajakumara H.N., Gowda R.M. Mahalinge, Simha L. Udaya. Traffic noise prediction model at gradients of the highway. Advances in Transport, v 16, Urban Transport X: Urban Transport and the Environment in the 21st Century, 2004, 795~799
73 El-Aassar, Ahmed. Modeling of atmospheric refraction effects on traffic noise propagation. 2006
74 Kim, Jonghoon. Effects of median barriers in reducing highway noise levels. 2006
75 Li, Wensheng. A comparative study of the physical mechanisms related to source model of FHWA's traffic noise model (TNM): Measurements versus modeling assumptions. 2005
76 Samuels, S., Ancich, E.. Recent Developments In The Design And Performance Of Road Traffic Noise Barriers. Acoustics Australia, 2001, 29(2): 73~78
77 李本纲. 城市道路交通噪声预测模型与评价方法. 北京大学博士学位论文. 2001
78 Pamanikabud, Pichai, Vivitjinda, Prakob. Noise Prediction For Highways InThailand. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2002, 7(6): 441~449
79 Dong G, Zhang G, Zhang Y. Motor Vehicle Highway System Able To Fully Isolate Noise. 2006
80 常玉林. 城市道路交通系统声环境分析和预测技术研究. 东南大学博士学位论文. 2001
81 陈子明. 快速高架复合道路临街建筑物正面声场分析. 中国环境科学,1996,16(3):213～216
82 雷晓燕, 圣小珍. 铁路交通噪声与振动. 科学出版社. 2004: 48~56
83 盛晔,潘仲麟. 高架复合道路噪声声场分布研究. 环境污染与防治, 2002,24(6):368~369
84 王波,王炜. 环形交叉口车辆噪声经验计算公式的推导. 重庆交通学院学报,2001,20(1):37~40
85 李东, 相伟丽,杜小玲. 城市道路立体交叉隔声屏障的研究. 公路交通科技. 1996, 13(3):33~35
86 HBared Joe G.TH, THPowell AlvinH, HKaisar EvangelosH. Traffic Planning Models For Single-Point And Tight Diamond Interchanges. Transportation Research Record, 2003, 1847: 52~57
87 Bonneson James Allen. Operational characteristics of the single-point urban interchange. TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY, 1990, 253
88 HEyerly Raymond W.H, HNassi Richard B.H, HTwark Richard D.H. Simulating Interchange Development Using Socioeconomic and Traffic Parameters. Coil Winding International, for Miniconf on Transp, Overview of Simul in Highw Transp, 1997, 7(1): 3~12
89 HWallman Carl-GustafH. Simulation of Traffic Flow at Grade-Separated Interchanges. Engineering & Control, 1976, (17): 406~409
90 HColwill D. M.H, HMiddleton D. R.H, HButler J. D.H. Gaussian Plume Dispersion Model Applicable To a Complex Motorway Interchange. TRRL Supplementary Report, 1979, 505: 25
91 龙科军. 城市立体交叉交通规划与设计基础问题研究. 同济大学博士学位论文. 2005
92 谢海红, 王颖. 道路互通式立体交叉方案综合评价实用方法. 中国公路学报. 2002, 15(4):22~24
93 张飘, 贺玉龙, 刘小明. 高速公路互通式立体交叉多目标决策模型评价方法研究. 公路交通科技. 2001, 18(5):72~76
94 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets[Z]. AASHTO, Washington, D.C, 2001, 748~754
95 Fredric C. Menz. The U.S Experience with Motor Vehicle Pollution Control. World Environment. 2002,(4):26~28
96 H.-J. Panitz, K. Nester, F. Fiedler. Mass budget simulation of NOx and CO for the evaluation of calculated emissions for the city of Augsburg (Germany). Atmospheric Environment 2002, 36(1):33-51
97 郝吉明, 傅立新, 贺克斌, 吴烨编著. 城市机动车排放污染控制. 中国环境科学出版社. 2001. 80~85
98 Yuri N. Skiba, Valentina Davydova-Belitskaya. On the estimation of impact of vehicular emissions. Ecological Modelling 2003, 166:169~184
99 H Christopher Frey, Alper Unal, JianjunChen. Recommended Strategy for On-board Emission Data Analysis And Collection for The New Generation Model [R]. Computational Laboratory for Energy, Air, and Risk Department of Civil Engineering North Carolina StateUniversity Raleigh, NC. 2002
100 Shu jiong. Determing the sources of atmospheric particles in Shang China form magnetic and geochemical properties. Atmospheric Environment, 2001, 15(12):2615~2625
101 Cheung C S, Zhao Hui, Hung W T. Determination of Emission Factors of Motor Vehicles from On-Road Emissions Measurement. Transactions of CSICE. 1999, 17(1):47~53
102 Mattew Jaeger Thornton. Modal Vehicle Activity On Freeway And Freeway Onramps: An Assessment Of The Oxides Of Nitrogen Emissions Impacts Resulting From Changes In Vehicle Operating Model Due To Ramp Metering Systems.2000
103 公路建设项目环境影响评价规范. 人民交通出版社, 1997
104 公路建设项目环境影响评价规范. 人民交通出版社, 2006
105 何东全, 郝吉明, 贺克斌. 应用模式计算机动车排放因子. 环境科学. 1998, 19(5):7~10
106 谢绍东, 宋翔宇, 申新华. 应用 COPERT 模型计算中国机动车排放因子. 环境科学. 2006, 27(3):415~419
107 苏小芳, 范炳全, 黄远东, 刘娟娟. 城市次干道路段机动车污染物排放因子的测定. 上海理工大学学报. 2004, 26(4): 318~322
108 李莉. GIS 环境下上海市机动车尾气污染研究. 华东师范大学硕士学位论文. 2004.
109 李修刚, 杨晓光, 王 炜. 用于城市交通规划的机动车污染物排放因子. 交通运输工程学报. 2001, 1(4):87~91
110 刘恩栋. 武汉市机动车排放因子的确定. 环境与开发. 2000, 15(3):36~37
111 王伯光, 张远航, 吴政奇. 广州市机动车排放因子隧道测试研究. 环境科学研究. 2001, 14(4):13~16
112 何春玉, 王歧东. 运用 CMEM 模型计算北京市机动车排放因子. 环境科学研究. 2006, 19(1):109~112
113 夏韡. 城市道路轻型车微观排放模型研究. 吉林大学硕士学位论文. 2005
114 陈燕涛. 车辆道路排放测试技术的研究. 武汉理工大学硕士学位论文. 2006
115 HZannin Paolo TrombettaTH, THLenzi ArcanjoH, HDiniz Belisario FabianoH, HCalixto AH, HFerreira J.A.C.H, HGiovanini C.H. Influence of the traffic composition and traffic flow on noise emitted by typical Brazilian roads. Acta Acustica (Stuttgart), 2003, 89: S126
116 HKato, YuichiTH, THYamaguchiT, TShizumaH. Prediction Method For Probability Distribution Of Road Traffic Noise At An Intersection. Acoustics Australia, 1990, 18(2):45-50
117 张玉芬. 公路路线设计与交通噪声防治. 中国公路学报. 1997, 10(4): 39~43
118 冯晓, 陈思龙, 赵琦. 道路机动车污染测评技术与方法. 人民交通出版社. 2003:88~90.
119 李天匀,唐山. 交通流噪声分析的流体力学特征线算法. 华中科技大学学报,2001,29(7):91~92
120 李祚泳, 丁晶, 彭荔红著. 环境质量评价原理与方法. 化学工业出版社. 2004:163~188
121 郑长江, 陈淑燕, 王炜. 交叉口公交优先通行方案的物元分析评价方法. 公路交通科技, 2004, 21(11):98~101