柴油机微粒捕集器再生技术研究
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摘要
从柴油机工作原理的提出到现在的一百多年来,柴油机技术得到了全面的发展,柴油机以其良好的动力性、经济性和可靠性而广泛地应用于各种机械装置,尤其是作为车辆动力。微粒作为柴油机的主要排放物之一,因对人体危害之大,已引起世界各国政府的普遍关注并纷纷制定了严格的柴油机/车排放法规。当今,柴油机微粒的排放控制技术已成为柴油机技术发展中的核心之一,特别是排气后处理技术的研究。
论文介绍了柴油机微粒排放控制的机内与机外净化技术,通过对各种技术的对比分析,提出微粒捕集技术是最为有效的控制柴油机微粒排放的技术措施,而微粒捕集器的再生技术则是其应用成功与否的关键所在。本文研究了柴油机微粒的形成机理、物理特性、排放规律以及柴油机运转参数对其排放的影响,同时深入探讨了微粒捕集器的捕集机理、过滤体材料特性与其发展现状以及再生技术的对比分析。通过比较分析与研究当前微粒捕集器的再生技术,可以得出这样的结论:单纯的采用某一种再生技术都有其不足之处,多种再生技术的组合是发展趋势。故作者提出了两种组合方式的再生技术,并同时分别选择了相应的过滤体结构方式。第一种再生技术是柴油添加剂与电加热相结合,通过柴油添加剂降低微粒起燃温度,再生时补充少许空气,只需少量的电能就能点燃微粒,通过微粒燃烧产生火焰的蔓延来完成整个捕集器的再生,过滤体材料选用编织纤维。第二种再生技术是基于对补气技术研究,采用补气与电加热装置相结合,过滤体选用壁流陶瓷过滤体,利用补气可以降低柴油机的微粒排放,然而仅利用补气不足以达到微粒排放要求,必须进一步借助过滤体捕集微粒来满足微粒排放要求,利用电加热装置使捕集器再生,同时补气还有利于延长捕集器的再生间隔时间和再生过程。论文以SOFIM8140.27柴油机为研究对象,对两种捕集器系统进行了结构设计和实验研究,通过对发动机的排放特性和净化装置的过滤特性进行测定与分析,得出微粒捕集器再生的技术参数。从安装微粒捕集器净化装置前后的对比实验可以看出:采用微粒捕集器后,柴油机微粒排放得到了明显改善。
It was more than 100 years that diesel engine's technology has comprehensive developed from its work principle appearing to now. It is widely applied to many kinds of mechanism because of its good power, the efficiency and the reliability, especially as the vehicle power. However, the particulate as one of the mainly diesel engine exhaust components, because it is harm to the human health, which has aroused the various countries government's attention which formulated the strict diesel engine/vehicle emission regulations. Nowadays, the control technology of the particulate exhausts has become one of cores in diesel engine technological research, especially the research of exhausts post-processing technology.The paper introduced the main particulate exhaust control technologies of inside and outside diesel. Drawing the conclusion that diesel particulate filter(DPF) technology is the most effective control technology measure of diesel particulate exhaust by contrasting and analyzing many kinds of technologies, but the regeneration technology of DPF is the key condition that is applied successful or not. At the same time, the paper studied the diesel engine particulate formation mechanism, the physical property, the exhaust rule as well as the diesel engine working parameter which influence the particulate emission, simultaneously, discussed the particulate filter trapping mechanism, the filter materials characteristics and development situation, as well as regeneration technologies. By studying DPF's regeneration technologies, we may draw such conclusion that each kind of regeneration technology owns its deficiency. So, the author intentionally proposed two kinds of combination ways regeneration technology and separately matched its the filter. The first kind of regeneration technology is a way which combines the diesel oil chemical additive and the electric heating, because of reducing the particulate kindling temperature by using the diesel oil chemical additive. At the regeneration time, the regeneration equipment supply the little air and electrical energy, the particulate can be fired and its flame spread to accomplish DPF regeneration;the filter material is ceramic fiber. The second kind of regeneration technology is based on the research of supply air, the regeneration way which uses the electric heating installment, selecting the wall-flow ceramic as the filter. The
supply air can reduce the diesel engine particulate emission, however, only used of supply air which is insufficient to achieve the particulate emission request, had to further to draw support from the filter trapping particulate to satisfy the particulate emission request. The DPF's regeneration is caused by using the electric heating installment;simultaneously, the supply air is also advantageous to lengthen the trap's regeneration time interval and the regenerative process. The paper take the SOFIM8140.27 diesel engine as the research object, has carried on two kinds of DPF's systems structural design and the experimental study, obtained the DPF regeneration's technical parameter by testing and analyzing the diesel engine exhaust characteristic and the DPF characteristic. By installing the DPF installment, the contrast experiment to be showed: After using the DPF, diesel engine's particulate exhaust had the obvious improvement.
论文介绍了柴油机微粒排放控制的机内与机外净化技术,通过对各种技术的对比分析,提出微粒捕集技术是最为有效的控制柴油机微粒排放的技术措施,而微粒捕集器的再生技术则是其应用成功与否的关键所在。本文研究了柴油机微粒的形成机理、物理特性、排放规律以及柴油机运转参数对其排放的影响,同时深入探讨了微粒捕集器的捕集机理、过滤体材料特性与其发展现状以及再生技术的对比分析。通过比较分析与研究当前微粒捕集器的再生技术,可以得出这样的结论:单纯的采用某一种再生技术都有其不足之处,多种再生技术的组合是发展趋势。故作者提出了两种组合方式的再生技术,并同时分别选择了相应的过滤体结构方式。第一种再生技术是柴油添加剂与电加热相结合,通过柴油添加剂降低微粒起燃温度,再生时补充少许空气,只需少量的电能就能点燃微粒,通过微粒燃烧产生火焰的蔓延来完成整个捕集器的再生,过滤体材料选用编织纤维。第二种再生技术是基于对补气技术研究,采用补气与电加热装置相结合,过滤体选用壁流陶瓷过滤体,利用补气可以降低柴油机的微粒排放,然而仅利用补气不足以达到微粒排放要求,必须进一步借助过滤体捕集微粒来满足微粒排放要求,利用电加热装置使捕集器再生,同时补气还有利于延长捕集器的再生间隔时间和再生过程。论文以SOFIM8140.27柴油机为研究对象,对两种捕集器系统进行了结构设计和实验研究,通过对发动机的排放特性和净化装置的过滤特性进行测定与分析,得出微粒捕集器再生的技术参数。从安装微粒捕集器净化装置前后的对比实验可以看出:采用微粒捕集器后,柴油机微粒排放得到了明显改善。
It was more than 100 years that diesel engine's technology has comprehensive developed from its work principle appearing to now. It is widely applied to many kinds of mechanism because of its good power, the efficiency and the reliability, especially as the vehicle power. However, the particulate as one of the mainly diesel engine exhaust components, because it is harm to the human health, which has aroused the various countries government's attention which formulated the strict diesel engine/vehicle emission regulations. Nowadays, the control technology of the particulate exhausts has become one of cores in diesel engine technological research, especially the research of exhausts post-processing technology.The paper introduced the main particulate exhaust control technologies of inside and outside diesel. Drawing the conclusion that diesel particulate filter(DPF) technology is the most effective control technology measure of diesel particulate exhaust by contrasting and analyzing many kinds of technologies, but the regeneration technology of DPF is the key condition that is applied successful or not. At the same time, the paper studied the diesel engine particulate formation mechanism, the physical property, the exhaust rule as well as the diesel engine working parameter which influence the particulate emission, simultaneously, discussed the particulate filter trapping mechanism, the filter materials characteristics and development situation, as well as regeneration technologies. By studying DPF's regeneration technologies, we may draw such conclusion that each kind of regeneration technology owns its deficiency. So, the author intentionally proposed two kinds of combination ways regeneration technology and separately matched its the filter. The first kind of regeneration technology is a way which combines the diesel oil chemical additive and the electric heating, because of reducing the particulate kindling temperature by using the diesel oil chemical additive. At the regeneration time, the regeneration equipment supply the little air and electrical energy, the particulate can be fired and its flame spread to accomplish DPF regeneration;the filter material is ceramic fiber. The second kind of regeneration technology is based on the research of supply air, the regeneration way which uses the electric heating installment, selecting the wall-flow ceramic as the filter. The
supply air can reduce the diesel engine particulate emission, however, only used of supply air which is insufficient to achieve the particulate emission request, had to further to draw support from the filter trapping particulate to satisfy the particulate emission request. The DPF's regeneration is caused by using the electric heating installment;simultaneously, the supply air is also advantageous to lengthen the trap's regeneration time interval and the regenerative process. The paper take the SOFIM8140.27 diesel engine as the research object, has carried on two kinds of DPF's systems structural design and the experimental study, obtained the DPF regeneration's technical parameter by testing and analyzing the diesel engine exhaust characteristic and the DPF characteristic. By installing the DPF installment, the contrast experiment to be showed: After using the DPF, diesel engine's particulate exhaust had the obvious improvement.
引文
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[2] EPA.Health Assessment Document for Diesel Emissions.EPA, 1998, 1(1): 1-5
[3] 丁河清,段树林.车用柴油机排放物法规及满足法规的技术措施.大连海事大学学报,2001,12(2):2-18
[4] 王万利.柴油机排放法规及控制技术分析(二).内燃机,2002,12(5):20-56
[5] 国家环境保护总局、国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB14761.7-1993.北京:中国环境出版社,1993:2-70
[6] 国家环境保护总局、国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T3846-93.北京:中国环境出版社,1993:2-70
[7] 国家环境保护总局、国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB17691-2005.北京:中国环境出版社,2005:2-110
[8] PNGV. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles.USA: The fifth Report, 1999: 2-50
[9] 邓元望,朱梅林,向东.柴油机微粒排放控制方法评述.柴油机,2001,5(1):12-15
[10] O. Salvat, E Marez, G. Belot. Passenger Car Serial Application of a Particulate Filter System on a Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engine. SAE, 2000, 01(0473): 1-5
[11] 马朝臣,魏名山,鲍捷等.利用高温静电旋风捕集器捕集柴油机排气微粒.内燃机学报,2000,18(3):235-237
[12] 王宪成.一种新的柴油机排气微粒后处理系统的研究[学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,1999:20-50
[13] Hideo YOSHIKAWA, Sadayuki MURAKAMI and seikou TAKEUCHI. Diesel Engine with PM Removal Equipment with quiche Regeneration. 日本机械学会论文集, 1996, 625(96): 4-16
[14] Hideo YOSHIKAWA, Takashi IKEDA, et al. Simultaneous Reduction of NOx and Soot Exhausted from Diesel Engine.SAE, 1994, (04)57: 1-5
[15] Bernie P. Plasma-Assisted Catalytic Reduction of NOx.SAE, 1998, 25(08): 1-5
[16] Thomas E, Martin R. Non-Thermal Plama Aftertreatment of Particulates Theoretical Limits and Impact on Reactor Design. SAE, 2000, 01(1926): 1-5
[17] 曾科,蔡丽红,蒋德明.等离子体技术在控制汽车尾气排放上的应用.车用发动机,2000,24(6):10-15
[18] 马广大.大气污染控制工程[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1985:2-40
[19] 傅昕.用于柴油机排放控制的微粒捕集器技术.北京工业大学学报,2002,28(2):163-167
[20] 王建昕,傅立新,黎维彬.汽车排气污染治理及催化转化器.北京:化学工业出版社,2000:56-110
[21] 李兴虎.汽车环境保护技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004:75-82
[22] 彭美雨,季雨,刘巽俊.柴油机排气微粒物理特性的研究.内燃机学报,1987,12(1):32
[23] 易家训.流体力学.北京:高教出版社,1983:20-40
[24] 宫长明,刘巽俊,刘忠长.车用直喷式柴油机微粒排放与排气烟度、碳氢化合物排放的关系.内燃机学报,1997, 12(4):424-429
[25] 王桂华.直喷式柴油机微粒排放简化预测模型.柴油机,1998,12(6):18-21
[26] 卢晶.柴油机的颗粒物排放及其控制策略.柴油机,2002,12(3):22
[27] Kittelson D B. Electrostatic Collection of Diesel Particles. SAE, 1986, 00(09): 1-5
[28] 刘忠长,刘巽俊,许允.车用直喷柴油机排气微粒的排放规律.内燃机学报,1997,12(4):4-32
[29] 龚金科,赖天贵,刘孟祥等.柴油机微粒捕集器过滤材料与再生方法分析与研究.内燃机,2004,6(3):21-24
[30] 姚喜贵,张振东.柴油机废气净化系统的研究.内燃机工程,2003,24(2):42-45
[31] Mansour Masoudi, Achim Heibel, Paul M. Then. Predicting Pressure Drop of Wall-Flow Diesel Particulate Filters——Theory and Experiment. SAE, 2000, 01(0184): 2-8
[32] 宁智,资新运,欧阳明高.柴油机排气微粒捕捉器再生条件及分析.燃烧科学与技术,2002,8(1):80-83
[33] Tuteja A D, et al. Selection and Development of a Particulate Trap System for a Light Duty Diesel Engine. SAE, 1992, 01(42): 1-5
[34] CAERWlNSKI J, JAUSSI F, WYSER M, et al. Particulate traps for construction machines and field experience[J] . SAE, 2000, 01(1923): 1-5
[35] Wei Yuanwen, Xia Laiqing, Li Xiaolu, Cai Qixiong, Yuan Chengxiang. The Study on New Tape Structure of the Diesel Particulate Filter and Regenerator. 四川工业学院学报, 2000, 19(2): 62-67
[36] B.Terry and P.Richards. A Method for Assessing the Low Temperature Regeneration Performance of Diesel Particulate Filters and Fuel-borne Catalysts. SAE, 2000, 01(1922): 1-5
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[43] 卢为开等.远红外辐射加热技术fMl.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1983:20-50
[44] 魏远文.应用红外技术提高柴油机排气微粒过滤器再生能力的研究.应用科学学报,1997,15(2):237-241
[45] 杜传进.柴油添加剂在柴油机微粒净化中的应用.武汉理工大学学报,2000,12(6):20-30
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[47] 国家环境保护总局、国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB17691-2001车用压燃式发动机排气污染物排放限值及测量方法.北京:中国环境出版社,2001:10-96
[48] 资新运.柴油车微粒捕捉器再生控制策略.内燃机学报,2002,20(2):107-110
[2] EPA.Health Assessment Document for Diesel Emissions.EPA, 1998, 1(1): 1-5
[3] 丁河清,段树林.车用柴油机排放物法规及满足法规的技术措施.大连海事大学学报,2001,12(2):2-18
[4] 王万利.柴油机排放法规及控制技术分析(二).内燃机,2002,12(5):20-56
[5] 国家环境保护总局、国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB14761.7-1993.北京:中国环境出版社,1993:2-70
[6] 国家环境保护总局、国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB/T3846-93.北京:中国环境出版社,1993:2-70
[7] 国家环境保护总局、国家质量监督检验检疫总局.GB17691-2005.北京:中国环境出版社,2005:2-110
[8] PNGV. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles.USA: The fifth Report, 1999: 2-50
[9] 邓元望,朱梅林,向东.柴油机微粒排放控制方法评述.柴油机,2001,5(1):12-15
[10] O. Salvat, E Marez, G. Belot. Passenger Car Serial Application of a Particulate Filter System on a Common Rail Direct Injection Diesel Engine. SAE, 2000, 01(0473): 1-5
[11] 马朝臣,魏名山,鲍捷等.利用高温静电旋风捕集器捕集柴油机排气微粒.内燃机学报,2000,18(3):235-237
[12] 王宪成.一种新的柴油机排气微粒后处理系统的研究[学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,1999:20-50
[13] Hideo YOSHIKAWA, Sadayuki MURAKAMI and seikou TAKEUCHI. Diesel Engine with PM Removal Equipment with quiche Regeneration. 日本机械学会论文集, 1996, 625(96): 4-16
[14] Hideo YOSHIKAWA, Takashi IKEDA, et al. Simultaneous Reduction of NOx and Soot Exhausted from Diesel Engine.SAE, 1994, (04)57: 1-5
[15] Bernie P. Plasma-Assisted Catalytic Reduction of NOx.SAE, 1998, 25(08): 1-5
[16] Thomas E, Martin R. Non-Thermal Plama Aftertreatment of Particulates Theoretical Limits and Impact on Reactor Design. SAE, 2000, 01(1926): 1-5
[17] 曾科,蔡丽红,蒋德明.等离子体技术在控制汽车尾气排放上的应用.车用发动机,2000,24(6):10-15
[18] 马广大.大气污染控制工程[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1985:2-40
[19] 傅昕.用于柴油机排放控制的微粒捕集器技术.北京工业大学学报,2002,28(2):163-167
[20] 王建昕,傅立新,黎维彬.汽车排气污染治理及催化转化器.北京:化学工业出版社,2000:56-110
[21] 李兴虎.汽车环境保护技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004:75-82
[22] 彭美雨,季雨,刘巽俊.柴油机排气微粒物理特性的研究.内燃机学报,1987,12(1):32
[23] 易家训.流体力学.北京:高教出版社,1983:20-40
[24] 宫长明,刘巽俊,刘忠长.车用直喷式柴油机微粒排放与排气烟度、碳氢化合物排放的关系.内燃机学报,1997, 12(4):424-429
[25] 王桂华.直喷式柴油机微粒排放简化预测模型.柴油机,1998,12(6):18-21
[26] 卢晶.柴油机的颗粒物排放及其控制策略.柴油机,2002,12(3):22
[27] Kittelson D B. Electrostatic Collection of Diesel Particles. SAE, 1986, 00(09): 1-5
[28] 刘忠长,刘巽俊,许允.车用直喷柴油机排气微粒的排放规律.内燃机学报,1997,12(4):4-32
[29] 龚金科,赖天贵,刘孟祥等.柴油机微粒捕集器过滤材料与再生方法分析与研究.内燃机,2004,6(3):21-24
[30] 姚喜贵,张振东.柴油机废气净化系统的研究.内燃机工程,2003,24(2):42-45
[31] Mansour Masoudi, Achim Heibel, Paul M. Then. Predicting Pressure Drop of Wall-Flow Diesel Particulate Filters——Theory and Experiment. SAE, 2000, 01(0184): 2-8
[32] 宁智,资新运,欧阳明高.柴油机排气微粒捕捉器再生条件及分析.燃烧科学与技术,2002,8(1):80-83
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