基于PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO与FPEO-b-PDMS-b-FPEO水性聚氨酯合成、表征及性能研究
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摘要
水性聚氨酯(PUD)材料既具有良好的综合性能,又具有不污染、运输安全等特点,因此越来越受到人们的重视,是一新兴却蓬勃发展的领域。但是水性聚氨酯中含有亲水链段,使得聚氨酯乳液胶膜的耐水性、耐化学品性以及表面性能受到很大影响,为了拓展其应用,需要进一步改善其性能。而聚硅氧烷具有良好的耐水性,耐化学品性,硅改性水性聚氨酯(Si-PUD)结合了两者的优点,越来越得到人们的关注。本论文设计合成一种新型含硅聚氨酯中间体,聚醚嵌段的聚硅氧烷二元醇(PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO),聚硅氧烷的分子量可以根据需要方便的调控。和传统聚硅氧烷二醇相比,PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO具有较好的贮存稳定性、反应活性。以不同分子量PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO为软段合成了一系列水性聚氨酯(P-PUD),并对其结构进行了表征,对其性能进行了研究,发现硅氧烷在聚合物表面的富集并不完全。考虑到Si-PUD中聚硅氧烷在聚合物表面的富集不充分性以及Si-PUD在耐化学品性能上的不足,我们通过自由基加成反应首次合成了氟化的PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO(FPEO-b-PDMS-b-FPEO),该聚氨酯中间体依然具有良好的反应活性。将FPEO-b-PDMS-b-FPEO引入水性聚氨酯中,合成了氟化聚硅氧烷改性的水性聚氨酯(F-Si-PUD),并对这种FPU的本体和表面结构进行了鉴定和分析,同时初步探讨了F-Si-PUD结构和性能之间的关系。
1.首先采用酸催化平衡反应合成一种双氢封端的聚硅氧烷低聚物(HPDMS),然后通过HPDMS与单烯丙基封端的聚醚的硅氢化反应合成了一种聚醚嵌段聚硅氧烷二元醇,单丙基聚醚-b-聚二甲基硅氧烷-b-单丙基聚醚(PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO)。通过IR、NMR等分析手段对其结构和组成进行了鉴定和表征,并考察了各种反应条件对硅氢化反应的的影响。进一步研究发现,PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO很高的稳定性,其原因主要是PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO中羟基与硅氧键间隔较远,成环反应很难发生,产品非常稳定;相对于传统聚硅氧烷二元醇,PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO具有很高的反应活性主要原因是聚醚嵌段的引入增加了聚硅氧烷二元醇与极性反应物的相溶性。
2.以不同分子量PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO为软段,成功制备出一系列硅改性水性聚氨酯(P-PUD)。比较了传统Si-PUD与以PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO为软段的P-PUD,发现P-PUD的合成可以在无溶剂条件下迅速完成预聚。对P-PUD接触角的研究发现,聚合物膜表面接触角随着温度的上升而增加,表明硅氧烷在聚氨酯表面的富集不充分,其原因主要是聚合物分子间相互作用与硅氧烷向聚合物表面的富集是一个竞争过程。同时发现P-PUD比传统Si-PUD具有更高的机械性能,热性能研究表明,聚醚链的引入对P-PUD的影响很小。
3.在PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO的基础上,在自由基引发剂过氧化特戊酸叔丁酯(tert-butyl peroxypivalate,TBPV)存在下通过自由基加成反应,将六氟丙烯(HFP)接枝至PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO中的聚醚嵌段上,从而合成了一种全新的硅氧烷二元醇:氟化聚醚嵌段的聚硅氧烷二元醇(FPEO-b-PDMS-b-FPEO),并通过IR、NMR、GPC等分析手段对其结构进行了表征与鉴定,同时并对各种反应条件对反应的的影响进行了研究,确定了最佳反应条件。
4.以合成的PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO为软段,合成了氟硅聚氨酯乳液(F-Si-PUD),对聚氨酯膜的性能进行初步研究与性能,并着重探讨F-Si-PUD表面结构与性能。通过FTIR与XPS分析了F-Si-PUD中氢键结构与聚合物表面结构,发现:氟元素的引入提高了F-Si-PUD软硬段的相互联系程度,其方式是通过硬段中的N-H键与软段中的氟元素之间形成氢键;氟元素与硅元素同时在聚合物的表面富集,氟元素的引入提高了硅元素的表面富集度。进一步对F-Si-PUD的耐化学性能与力学性能研究证明,正是由于氟元素的引入,使得F-Si-PUD成为一种具有高强度和韧性的材料,耐化学性分析发现由于氟元素的表面富集与硅氧烷的进一步表面富集,F-Si-PUD具有较高耐化学品性。
Aqueous polyurethane dispersion(PUD) materials not only have good performances,but also have more important merits such as non-pollution and transportation safety,which is a new but flourishing field and getting more and more attention.However,introduction of hydrophilic segments into PUD weakens the water resistance,and also,affects negatively chemical resistance and surface property for cured film of PUD.In order to expend its applications,PUD need to be improved further.Siloxane-modified polyurethane dispersion(Si-PUD),as a specie of novel macromolecule functional material,owing to the introduction of hydrophobic and non-polar siloxane,has very lowest surface energy,excellent resistance to water and oils.Therefore,FPU have supplied original PU gap in the above mentioned shortages. In this dissertation,as intermediates of Si-PUD,a kind of new polysiloxane diols, polyether blocked polysiloxane(PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO) were synthesized,and the molecular weight of PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO can be controlled easily.Compared with traditional polysiloxane diols,PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO shows good storage stability and reactivity.PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO with different molecular weight using as soft segments,a series of Si-PUDs were prepared and their structures and properties were investigated.It was found that the enrichment of siloxane onto surface was deficient. Taking into account the deficient enrichment,as well as inadequate chemical resistance of Si-PUD,we prepared a novel fluorinated polysiolxane diols (FPEO-b-PDMS-b-FPEO) based on PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO.FPEO-b-PDMS-b-FPEO still has good reactivity.F-Si-PUD with FPEO-b-PDMS-b-FPEO as soft segment was then prepared and the its structure and properties of both bulk and surface were investigated,and the relation between the structures and properties were discussed preliminarily.
1.A series of novel PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO was synthesized by hydrosilation reaction of MAPEO with HPDMS that obtained via acid-catalyzed ring-opening equilibration reaction of D_4 with TMS.The molecular weight of PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO could be controlled easily by varying the molecular weight of HPDMS.FTIR and ~1H-NMR spectroscopy confirmed the structure of PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO and HPDMS.The conversion of Si-H bond to Si-C bond was affected by the catalyst amount,reaction time and temperature.The measurement of OH-value at different temperature showed that PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO had good storage stability.Urethane reaction of OH and NCO group indicated that PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO was more reactive towards to diisocyanates such as MDI,IPDI and TDI thanα,ω-bishydroxylbutyl terminated PDMS.
2.Si-PUD with different molecular weight PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO as intermediates(P-PUD) were synthesized.Studying on surface property of P-PUD showed that water contact angle(WCA) of film increased as the increase of temperature,indicating that the enrichment of siloxane onto surface was insufficient due to the competition of enriching tendence and interaction of polymeric molecules. Compared with genneral Si-PUD,P-PUD has better mechanical properties.Thermal analyse indicated that the introduction of polyether chains on the Si-PUD affected the thermal stability slightly.
3.Fluorinated hydroxypolyether blocked polydimethylsiloxane (FPEO-b-PDMS-b-FPEO) were prepared by free radical grafting of HFP onto hydroxypolyether blocked polydimethylsiloxane initiated by ten-butyl peroxypivalate.It is found that tert-butyi peroxypivalate is a felicitous initiator used.in the synthesis of FPEO-b-PDMS-b-FPEO,which gives a moderate reactive temperature.FTIR and ~1H NMR spectroscopy confirmed the structure of formed products,meanwhile,the analysis of gel permeation chromatography indicated that molecular chains of both raw material PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO and product FPEO-b-PDMS-b-FPEO were stable in grafting reaction process.
4.F-Si-PUD based on FPEO-b-PDMS-b-FPEO was prepared and the its structure and properties of both bulk and surface were discussed preliminarily. Through FTIR analysis of the F-Si-PUD,it was found that the introduction of fluoridehad increased the interrelation of hard and soft segments of F-Si-PUD due to a new hydrogen bond(C-F···H-N) between hard and soft segments being engendered.The surface compositions of the FPU films were measured and analyzed by XPS.The experimental results indicated that both of fluorine and silicon enriched on the surface of polymer,and introduction of fluorine enhanced the enrichment of silcon.Further investigation indicated that F-Si-PUD had high chemical resistance and good mechanical properties because of introduction of fluorine.
1.首先采用酸催化平衡反应合成一种双氢封端的聚硅氧烷低聚物(HPDMS),然后通过HPDMS与单烯丙基封端的聚醚的硅氢化反应合成了一种聚醚嵌段聚硅氧烷二元醇,单丙基聚醚-b-聚二甲基硅氧烷-b-单丙基聚醚(PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO)。通过IR、NMR等分析手段对其结构和组成进行了鉴定和表征,并考察了各种反应条件对硅氢化反应的的影响。进一步研究发现,PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO很高的稳定性,其原因主要是PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO中羟基与硅氧键间隔较远,成环反应很难发生,产品非常稳定;相对于传统聚硅氧烷二元醇,PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO具有很高的反应活性主要原因是聚醚嵌段的引入增加了聚硅氧烷二元醇与极性反应物的相溶性。
2.以不同分子量PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO为软段,成功制备出一系列硅改性水性聚氨酯(P-PUD)。比较了传统Si-PUD与以PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO为软段的P-PUD,发现P-PUD的合成可以在无溶剂条件下迅速完成预聚。对P-PUD接触角的研究发现,聚合物膜表面接触角随着温度的上升而增加,表明硅氧烷在聚氨酯表面的富集不充分,其原因主要是聚合物分子间相互作用与硅氧烷向聚合物表面的富集是一个竞争过程。同时发现P-PUD比传统Si-PUD具有更高的机械性能,热性能研究表明,聚醚链的引入对P-PUD的影响很小。
3.在PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO的基础上,在自由基引发剂过氧化特戊酸叔丁酯(tert-butyl peroxypivalate,TBPV)存在下通过自由基加成反应,将六氟丙烯(HFP)接枝至PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO中的聚醚嵌段上,从而合成了一种全新的硅氧烷二元醇:氟化聚醚嵌段的聚硅氧烷二元醇(FPEO-b-PDMS-b-FPEO),并通过IR、NMR、GPC等分析手段对其结构进行了表征与鉴定,同时并对各种反应条件对反应的的影响进行了研究,确定了最佳反应条件。
4.以合成的PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO为软段,合成了氟硅聚氨酯乳液(F-Si-PUD),对聚氨酯膜的性能进行初步研究与性能,并着重探讨F-Si-PUD表面结构与性能。通过FTIR与XPS分析了F-Si-PUD中氢键结构与聚合物表面结构,发现:氟元素的引入提高了F-Si-PUD软硬段的相互联系程度,其方式是通过硬段中的N-H键与软段中的氟元素之间形成氢键;氟元素与硅元素同时在聚合物的表面富集,氟元素的引入提高了硅元素的表面富集度。进一步对F-Si-PUD的耐化学性能与力学性能研究证明,正是由于氟元素的引入,使得F-Si-PUD成为一种具有高强度和韧性的材料,耐化学性分析发现由于氟元素的表面富集与硅氧烷的进一步表面富集,F-Si-PUD具有较高耐化学品性。
Aqueous polyurethane dispersion(PUD) materials not only have good performances,but also have more important merits such as non-pollution and transportation safety,which is a new but flourishing field and getting more and more attention.However,introduction of hydrophilic segments into PUD weakens the water resistance,and also,affects negatively chemical resistance and surface property for cured film of PUD.In order to expend its applications,PUD need to be improved further.Siloxane-modified polyurethane dispersion(Si-PUD),as a specie of novel macromolecule functional material,owing to the introduction of hydrophobic and non-polar siloxane,has very lowest surface energy,excellent resistance to water and oils.Therefore,FPU have supplied original PU gap in the above mentioned shortages. In this dissertation,as intermediates of Si-PUD,a kind of new polysiloxane diols, polyether blocked polysiloxane(PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO) were synthesized,and the molecular weight of PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO can be controlled easily.Compared with traditional polysiloxane diols,PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO shows good storage stability and reactivity.PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO with different molecular weight using as soft segments,a series of Si-PUDs were prepared and their structures and properties were investigated.It was found that the enrichment of siloxane onto surface was deficient. Taking into account the deficient enrichment,as well as inadequate chemical resistance of Si-PUD,we prepared a novel fluorinated polysiolxane diols (FPEO-b-PDMS-b-FPEO) based on PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO.FPEO-b-PDMS-b-FPEO still has good reactivity.F-Si-PUD with FPEO-b-PDMS-b-FPEO as soft segment was then prepared and the its structure and properties of both bulk and surface were investigated,and the relation between the structures and properties were discussed preliminarily.
1.A series of novel PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO was synthesized by hydrosilation reaction of MAPEO with HPDMS that obtained via acid-catalyzed ring-opening equilibration reaction of D_4 with TMS.The molecular weight of PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO could be controlled easily by varying the molecular weight of HPDMS.FTIR and ~1H-NMR spectroscopy confirmed the structure of PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO and HPDMS.The conversion of Si-H bond to Si-C bond was affected by the catalyst amount,reaction time and temperature.The measurement of OH-value at different temperature showed that PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO had good storage stability.Urethane reaction of OH and NCO group indicated that PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO was more reactive towards to diisocyanates such as MDI,IPDI and TDI thanα,ω-bishydroxylbutyl terminated PDMS.
2.Si-PUD with different molecular weight PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO as intermediates(P-PUD) were synthesized.Studying on surface property of P-PUD showed that water contact angle(WCA) of film increased as the increase of temperature,indicating that the enrichment of siloxane onto surface was insufficient due to the competition of enriching tendence and interaction of polymeric molecules. Compared with genneral Si-PUD,P-PUD has better mechanical properties.Thermal analyse indicated that the introduction of polyether chains on the Si-PUD affected the thermal stability slightly.
3.Fluorinated hydroxypolyether blocked polydimethylsiloxane (FPEO-b-PDMS-b-FPEO) were prepared by free radical grafting of HFP onto hydroxypolyether blocked polydimethylsiloxane initiated by ten-butyl peroxypivalate.It is found that tert-butyi peroxypivalate is a felicitous initiator used.in the synthesis of FPEO-b-PDMS-b-FPEO,which gives a moderate reactive temperature.FTIR and ~1H NMR spectroscopy confirmed the structure of formed products,meanwhile,the analysis of gel permeation chromatography indicated that molecular chains of both raw material PEO-b-PDMS-b-PEO and product FPEO-b-PDMS-b-FPEO were stable in grafting reaction process.
4.F-Si-PUD based on FPEO-b-PDMS-b-FPEO was prepared and the its structure and properties of both bulk and surface were discussed preliminarily. Through FTIR analysis of the F-Si-PUD,it was found that the introduction of fluoridehad increased the interrelation of hard and soft segments of F-Si-PUD due to a new hydrogen bond(C-F···H-N) between hard and soft segments being engendered.The surface compositions of the FPU films were measured and analyzed by XPS.The experimental results indicated that both of fluorine and silicon enriched on the surface of polymer,and introduction of fluorine enhanced the enrichment of silcon.Further investigation indicated that F-Si-PUD had high chemical resistance and good mechanical properties because of introduction of fluorine.
引文
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