基于逆向工程的矿用轴流通风机弯掠组合叶片优化设计研究
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摘要
矿山通风机械中,弯掠组合叶片轴流通风机以其效率高、噪声低、性能可靠的特点逐步成为矿井主要通风设备。弯掠组合叶片作为轴流通风机的核心零件,对整机性能有着决定性的影响。本文以矿用轴流通风机弯掠组合叶片为研究对象,综合运用逆向工程技术、测量技术、数据处理技术、计算流体力学(CFD)和三维流场分析等方法,研究矿用轴流通风机弯掠组合叶片优化设计方法。本文主要研究工作如下。
(1)研究了矿用轴流通风机三维几何模型反求策略,实现了对复杂曲面高精度的反求。首先,根据通风机叶片设计特点规划测量路径,应用三坐标测量机(CMM)对矿用轴流通风机叶片表面曲面进行测量,提取通风机叶片表面曲面的三维点云数据。然后,在反求软件UG中,最小二乘拟合曲线检查法对所提取的点云数据进行异常点的剔除,弦高—夹角综合法进行点云数据的精简。最后,采用非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)对各截面数据点进行曲线拟合,并使用通过曲线组生成曲面的方法重构了矿用轴流通风机叶片的三维几何模型。
(2)研究了应用计算流体力学软件FLUENT在不同叶片数及轴向间隙下对通风机气动性能进行三维流场模拟,分析不同叶片数及轴向间隙对通风机气动性能的影响。结果表明随着通风机前后两级叶轮叶片数的增加,通风机的全压会相应地增大,效率会先提高后降低,即存在一个前后两级叶轮叶片数的最佳组合,此时通风机的气动性能最佳。在前后两级叶轮最佳叶片数组合下,两级叶轮轴向间隙的增大会增加通风机流道内气流的摩擦损失,从而降低通风机的全压和效率;减小两级叶轮的轴向间隙可提高通风机的全压和效率,但叶片的振动和通风机的噪声会有所增大。
(3)研究了应用响应面法(RSM)和三维流场分析对矿用对旋式轴流通风机前后两级叶片弯掠参数进行了优化设计。首先定义了矿用对旋式轴流通风机前后两级叶片弯掠参数,然后以矿用对旋式轴流通风机前后两级叶片的弯、掠角为设计变量,以通风机全压效率最大化为优化目标,建立前后两级叶片的弯、掠角与通风机全压效率的响应面模型,最后对各参数进行优化设计。
The skewed and swept blades of mine axial fan gradually become major mine ventilation equipment with the high efficiency, low noise and performance reliable characteristic in mine ventilation machinery. Therefore,in order to learn from these experiences in the optimization design. This paper uses reverse engineering technology to obtain these experience parameters. Thus, for better, faster to design a high quality fan blade to provide relevant reference. This paper utilizes reverse engineering technique, measurement technology, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), data processing technology and three-dimensional flow field analysis method to study mine axial fan optimization design method of skewed and swept blades. It is made great contribution to the proposition and development of the skewed and swept blades of mine axial fan design theory.
(1) The blade shape of mine axial fan is the crucial influence factor on the aerodynamic performance of mine axial fan. In order to absorb and introduce the advanced design technology, reverse engineering was introduced to reconstruction the 3D geometrical model of mine axial fan blade. Firstly, according to the characteristics of the mine axial fan blade design planning measurement path and the point cloud data of 3D geometrical surfaces of mine axial fan blade were obtained through measuring with a three-coordinate measuring machine (CMM).Secondly, the point cloud data were processed by using UG a software of reverse engineering, including eliminated the abnormal points, the data smoothing and the data simplification of the point cloud. Finally, the non-uniform B-spline curve was introduced to fitting the date points of every cross section. The 3D geometrical model of mine axial fan blade was reconstructed through the method of the curve generating surface. It is of important significance to the direction the optimization design and computational fluid dynamics simulation of mine axial fan.
(2) The computational fluid dynamics method was used to solve the three-dimensional flow. The effects of blades number and axial clearance on the aerodynamic performance of fan were studied. By increasing the two-stage blades, the total-pressure was enhanced and the efficiency of fan was increased at the beginning and decreased in the end. There was an optimal combination of two-stage blades. Under this condition the optimal aerodynamic performance of fan was obtained. In the optimal combination of two-stage blades condition, as the axial clearance increases, the friction losses of internal flow was improved, the total-pressure and efficiency were decreased. In contrast, the total-pressure and efficiency of fan, the aerodynamic noise and the blades vibration were enhanced with reduced the axial clearance.
(3) The optimization design was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) and three-dimensional flow analysis for the mine contra-rotating axial fan two-stage blades. Firstly, the skew and sweep parameters of mine contra-rotating axial fan two-stage blades were defined. Secondly, the response surface model that between the skew, sweep of two-stage blades and total-pressure efficiency of fan was established with the skew and sweep of two-stage blades as the variables, the total-pressure efficiency of fan as the object. Finally, the skew and sweep parameters of two-stage blades were optimized.
(1)研究了矿用轴流通风机三维几何模型反求策略,实现了对复杂曲面高精度的反求。首先,根据通风机叶片设计特点规划测量路径,应用三坐标测量机(CMM)对矿用轴流通风机叶片表面曲面进行测量,提取通风机叶片表面曲面的三维点云数据。然后,在反求软件UG中,最小二乘拟合曲线检查法对所提取的点云数据进行异常点的剔除,弦高—夹角综合法进行点云数据的精简。最后,采用非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)对各截面数据点进行曲线拟合,并使用通过曲线组生成曲面的方法重构了矿用轴流通风机叶片的三维几何模型。
(2)研究了应用计算流体力学软件FLUENT在不同叶片数及轴向间隙下对通风机气动性能进行三维流场模拟,分析不同叶片数及轴向间隙对通风机气动性能的影响。结果表明随着通风机前后两级叶轮叶片数的增加,通风机的全压会相应地增大,效率会先提高后降低,即存在一个前后两级叶轮叶片数的最佳组合,此时通风机的气动性能最佳。在前后两级叶轮最佳叶片数组合下,两级叶轮轴向间隙的增大会增加通风机流道内气流的摩擦损失,从而降低通风机的全压和效率;减小两级叶轮的轴向间隙可提高通风机的全压和效率,但叶片的振动和通风机的噪声会有所增大。
(3)研究了应用响应面法(RSM)和三维流场分析对矿用对旋式轴流通风机前后两级叶片弯掠参数进行了优化设计。首先定义了矿用对旋式轴流通风机前后两级叶片弯掠参数,然后以矿用对旋式轴流通风机前后两级叶片的弯、掠角为设计变量,以通风机全压效率最大化为优化目标,建立前后两级叶片的弯、掠角与通风机全压效率的响应面模型,最后对各参数进行优化设计。
The skewed and swept blades of mine axial fan gradually become major mine ventilation equipment with the high efficiency, low noise and performance reliable characteristic in mine ventilation machinery. Therefore,in order to learn from these experiences in the optimization design. This paper uses reverse engineering technology to obtain these experience parameters. Thus, for better, faster to design a high quality fan blade to provide relevant reference. This paper utilizes reverse engineering technique, measurement technology, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), data processing technology and three-dimensional flow field analysis method to study mine axial fan optimization design method of skewed and swept blades. It is made great contribution to the proposition and development of the skewed and swept blades of mine axial fan design theory.
(1) The blade shape of mine axial fan is the crucial influence factor on the aerodynamic performance of mine axial fan. In order to absorb and introduce the advanced design technology, reverse engineering was introduced to reconstruction the 3D geometrical model of mine axial fan blade. Firstly, according to the characteristics of the mine axial fan blade design planning measurement path and the point cloud data of 3D geometrical surfaces of mine axial fan blade were obtained through measuring with a three-coordinate measuring machine (CMM).Secondly, the point cloud data were processed by using UG a software of reverse engineering, including eliminated the abnormal points, the data smoothing and the data simplification of the point cloud. Finally, the non-uniform B-spline curve was introduced to fitting the date points of every cross section. The 3D geometrical model of mine axial fan blade was reconstructed through the method of the curve generating surface. It is of important significance to the direction the optimization design and computational fluid dynamics simulation of mine axial fan.
(2) The computational fluid dynamics method was used to solve the three-dimensional flow. The effects of blades number and axial clearance on the aerodynamic performance of fan were studied. By increasing the two-stage blades, the total-pressure was enhanced and the efficiency of fan was increased at the beginning and decreased in the end. There was an optimal combination of two-stage blades. Under this condition the optimal aerodynamic performance of fan was obtained. In the optimal combination of two-stage blades condition, as the axial clearance increases, the friction losses of internal flow was improved, the total-pressure and efficiency were decreased. In contrast, the total-pressure and efficiency of fan, the aerodynamic noise and the blades vibration were enhanced with reduced the axial clearance.
(3) The optimization design was studied using response surface methodology (RSM) and three-dimensional flow analysis for the mine contra-rotating axial fan two-stage blades. Firstly, the skew and sweep parameters of mine contra-rotating axial fan two-stage blades were defined. Secondly, the response surface model that between the skew, sweep of two-stage blades and total-pressure efficiency of fan was established with the skew and sweep of two-stage blades as the variables, the total-pressure efficiency of fan as the object. Finally, the skew and sweep parameters of two-stage blades were optimized.
引文
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[2] Filippov G A , Wang Zhongqi. The calculation of axialsymmetric flow in an turbine stage with small ratio of diameter to blade length [J ] . Journal of Moscow Power Institute , 1963 , (47) : 63-78.
[3] Smith L.H., and Yeh H. Sweep and dihedral effect in axial flow turbomachinery[J].ASME Journal of basic engineering. Vol.85, No.2, 1963 401-416.
[4] Smith L.H. The radial equilibrium equation of turbomachinery[J]. ASME Journal of energy for power. Vol.88, No.1, 1966 1-13.
[5] Sasaki, T. Breugelmans, F. Comparison of sweep and dihedral effects on compressor cascade performance[J]. ASME Journal of Turbomachinery,1998,120:454-464.
[6] Wadia, A R.Szucs, P N,Crall, D W. Inner Workings of Aerodynamic Sweep[J]. ASME Journal of turbomachinery,1998,120:671-692.
[7] Hourmouziadis, J. Aerodynamic design of low pressure turbines. AGARD Lecture Series No.167, 1989:120-128.
[8] J D Denton, L Xu. The Effects of Lean and Sweep on Transonic Fan Performance[J]. ASME Turbomachinery,2002,23-32.
[9] Seoung-Jin Seo, Seung-Man Choi,Kwang-Yong Kim. Design of an Axial Flow Fan With Shape Optimization. 8th Asian International Fluid Machinery Conference,2005:50-63.
[10] Choon-Man JANG, Ping LI, Kwang-Yong KIM . Optimization of Blade Sweep in a Transonic Axial Compressor Rotor[J]. JSME International Journal. Series B, Fluids and Thermal Engineering, 2005,48(4)793-801.
[11] A. Samad, K. Y. Kim, T et al. Shape Optimization of Turbomachinery Blade using Multiple Surrogate Models[J]. ASME Joint-U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting, FL, USA. FEDSM2006.
[12] C M Jang and K Y Kim. Optimization of a Stator Blade using Response Surface Method in a Single-Stage Transonic Axial Compressor, Proceedings of The Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A[J]. Journal of Power and Energy, 2007:595-603.
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