几种阳离子捕收剂对氧化铁矿的反浮选性能研究
摘要
论文选题来源于973项目子课题“难处理金属矿高效浮选捕收剂的分子组装与合成”,针对我国铁矿石选别难度大以及矿石开采后利用率偏低等实际问题,研究了几种阳离子反浮选捕收剂对氧化铁矿的浮选性能,并探讨了浮选机理。
采用十二胺、十四胺、十八胺、Gemini型阳离子表面活性剂及有机硅阳离子表面活性剂为捕收剂开展了单矿物可浮性实验,研究了磁铁矿、赤铁矿和石英三种矿物的浮选行为。结果表明,对于分离石英和赤铁矿,采用Gemini阳离子捕收剂31527浮选分离的效果较好,当药剂浓度为0.5×10-4mol/L、pH约为7时,槽内产品赤铁矿回收率高达99.0%,而石英的回收率仅有0.3%；对于石英和磁铁矿体系,采用Gemini阳离子捕收剂31503的浮选效果较好,当药剂浓度为0.25×10-4mol/L、pH约为7时,槽内产品磁铁矿回收率高达93.4%,而石英回收率仅为8.3%；以三种脂肪胺为捕收剂,当矿浆中捕收剂浓度低于0.5×10-4mol/L时,随着脂肪胺烃链的增长,其对三种矿物的捕收能力有减弱的趋势；当在石英赤铁矿、石英磁铁矿两个浮选体系内添加淀粉作为抑制剂时,在两种Gemini阳离子捕收剂本身已经取得良好的选择性的前提下,淀粉的抑制作用不明显。
人工混合矿实验结果表明,对于石英赤铁矿人工混合矿和石英磁铁矿人工混合矿,仅采用阳离子捕收剂浮选分离效果不佳。以淀粉为抑制剂、Gemini 31503为捕收剂浮选得到了磁铁精矿品位70.92%、回收率98.14%的产品；以淀粉为抑制剂、Gemini 31527为捕收剂浮选得到了赤铁精矿品位67.78%、铁回收率77.21%的产品。与未添加淀粉作为抑制剂的实验相比,铁回收率明显提高,铁精矿的品位也得到一定提高。
捕收剂与抑制剂对矿物的机理分析表明,Gemini阳离子表面活性剂对赤铁矿、磁铁矿以及石英的作用主要是物理吸附,且Gemini捕收剂具有二聚的结构,使其具有更小的临界胶束浓度,更强的表面活性,更容易吸附在矿粒周围,能有效地增加矿粒的疏水性能；Gemini阳离子表面活性剂能优先吸附于石英表面,显著地改变石英动电位,而在磁铁矿和赤铁矿表面上的吸附,对二者表面动电位的改变相应较小,从而扩大了矿物表面疏水性的差异。
This dissertation was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China "Molecular Assembly and Synthesis of Efficient Flotation Collector for Refractory Ore". Due to the character in most of the iron oxide in China, some types of surfactants were used as collectors for hematite and magnetite reverse flotation in order to search an efficient collector, and the related mechanisms were investigated at the end of article.
The flotation behavior of magnetite, hematite and quart was investigated through the pure mineral flotation experiments by using dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, octadecylamine, Gemini cationic surfactant and silicone cationic surfactant as collector. For the separation of quartz and hematite, Gemini cationic collector 31527 have a got better effect, when the collector concentration is 0.5×10-4mol/L and pH is about 7, the recovery rate hematite is as high as 99.0% while quartz is 0.3% in the flotation tank. For the separation of quartz and hematite, Gemini cationic collector 31503 have a got better effect, when the collector concentration is 0.25×10-4mol/L and pH is about 7, the recovery rate magnetite is as high as 93.4% while quartz is 0.3% in the flotation tank. For the three aliphatic amines, in the low-concentration cases, the length of hydrocarbon chain is longer the collector capacity is weaker. When putting the starch into the two systems of quartz-hematite and quartz-magnetite, the inhibition of starch for the iron ore was not obvious as the two Gemini collectors had shown enough selectivity.
Artificial mixed mineral test results show that, the separation effects of the two mineral systems were not satisfactory for the independent use of Gemini collector. When adding starch as inhibitors and Gemini 31503 as collector, the magnetite concentrate grade came to 70.92% with recovery 98.14%. Similarly, when adding starch as inhibitors and Gemini 31527 as collector, the hematite concentrate grade came to 67.78% with recovery 77.21%.
Mechanism analysis shows that, the adsorption of Gemini cationic surfactant on the surface of hematite, magnetite and quartz is mainly physical adsorption. And Gemini cationic surfactants preferential adsorption on the quartz surface can significantly change its zeta potential. The adsorption of Gemini cationic surfactants on the surface of magnetite and hematite changes the surface zeta potential correspondingly less, thus widening the difference of the hydrophobic between the mineral surfaces.
采用十二胺、十四胺、十八胺、Gemini型阳离子表面活性剂及有机硅阳离子表面活性剂为捕收剂开展了单矿物可浮性实验,研究了磁铁矿、赤铁矿和石英三种矿物的浮选行为。结果表明,对于分离石英和赤铁矿,采用Gemini阳离子捕收剂31527浮选分离的效果较好,当药剂浓度为0.5×10-4mol/L、pH约为7时,槽内产品赤铁矿回收率高达99.0%,而石英的回收率仅有0.3%；对于石英和磁铁矿体系,采用Gemini阳离子捕收剂31503的浮选效果较好,当药剂浓度为0.25×10-4mol/L、pH约为7时,槽内产品磁铁矿回收率高达93.4%,而石英回收率仅为8.3%；以三种脂肪胺为捕收剂,当矿浆中捕收剂浓度低于0.5×10-4mol/L时,随着脂肪胺烃链的增长,其对三种矿物的捕收能力有减弱的趋势；当在石英赤铁矿、石英磁铁矿两个浮选体系内添加淀粉作为抑制剂时,在两种Gemini阳离子捕收剂本身已经取得良好的选择性的前提下,淀粉的抑制作用不明显。
人工混合矿实验结果表明,对于石英赤铁矿人工混合矿和石英磁铁矿人工混合矿,仅采用阳离子捕收剂浮选分离效果不佳。以淀粉为抑制剂、Gemini 31503为捕收剂浮选得到了磁铁精矿品位70.92%、回收率98.14%的产品；以淀粉为抑制剂、Gemini 31527为捕收剂浮选得到了赤铁精矿品位67.78%、铁回收率77.21%的产品。与未添加淀粉作为抑制剂的实验相比,铁回收率明显提高,铁精矿的品位也得到一定提高。
捕收剂与抑制剂对矿物的机理分析表明,Gemini阳离子表面活性剂对赤铁矿、磁铁矿以及石英的作用主要是物理吸附,且Gemini捕收剂具有二聚的结构,使其具有更小的临界胶束浓度,更强的表面活性,更容易吸附在矿粒周围,能有效地增加矿粒的疏水性能；Gemini阳离子表面活性剂能优先吸附于石英表面,显著地改变石英动电位,而在磁铁矿和赤铁矿表面上的吸附,对二者表面动电位的改变相应较小,从而扩大了矿物表面疏水性的差异。
This dissertation was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China "Molecular Assembly and Synthesis of Efficient Flotation Collector for Refractory Ore". Due to the character in most of the iron oxide in China, some types of surfactants were used as collectors for hematite and magnetite reverse flotation in order to search an efficient collector, and the related mechanisms were investigated at the end of article.
The flotation behavior of magnetite, hematite and quart was investigated through the pure mineral flotation experiments by using dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, octadecylamine, Gemini cationic surfactant and silicone cationic surfactant as collector. For the separation of quartz and hematite, Gemini cationic collector 31527 have a got better effect, when the collector concentration is 0.5×10-4mol/L and pH is about 7, the recovery rate hematite is as high as 99.0% while quartz is 0.3% in the flotation tank. For the separation of quartz and hematite, Gemini cationic collector 31503 have a got better effect, when the collector concentration is 0.25×10-4mol/L and pH is about 7, the recovery rate magnetite is as high as 93.4% while quartz is 0.3% in the flotation tank. For the three aliphatic amines, in the low-concentration cases, the length of hydrocarbon chain is longer the collector capacity is weaker. When putting the starch into the two systems of quartz-hematite and quartz-magnetite, the inhibition of starch for the iron ore was not obvious as the two Gemini collectors had shown enough selectivity.
Artificial mixed mineral test results show that, the separation effects of the two mineral systems were not satisfactory for the independent use of Gemini collector. When adding starch as inhibitors and Gemini 31503 as collector, the magnetite concentrate grade came to 70.92% with recovery 98.14%. Similarly, when adding starch as inhibitors and Gemini 31527 as collector, the hematite concentrate grade came to 67.78% with recovery 77.21%.
Mechanism analysis shows that, the adsorption of Gemini cationic surfactant on the surface of hematite, magnetite and quartz is mainly physical adsorption. And Gemini cationic surfactants preferential adsorption on the quartz surface can significantly change its zeta potential. The adsorption of Gemini cationic surfactants on the surface of magnetite and hematite changes the surface zeta potential correspondingly less, thus widening the difference of the hydrophobic between the mineral surfaces.
引文
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[15]Somasundaran P, Healy T W, Fuerstenau D W. Surfactant adsorption at the solid-liquid interface-dependence of mechanism on chain length. J. Phys. Chem.,1964,68(12):3562～3566
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[18]孙平.鞍钢弓长岭选矿厂“提铁降硅”改造的实践.金属矿山,2002(12)： 41～43
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