共聚物微凝胶的制备及其溶胀性能研究
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摘要
目前我国主干油田普遍采用线性聚丙烯酰胺类聚合物作为堵水调剖剂,取得了较明显的效果,但其存在耐温和抗盐性能差等缺点,因此研制耐温抗盐性能良好的新型聚合物具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。
本文首先以亲水性丙烯酰胺(AM)和疏水性丙烯腈(AN)为主要单体,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(Bis-A)为交联剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP K-30)为稳定剂,在乙醇/水的混合介质中进行分散共聚,制得了一系列P(AM-co-AN)微凝胶,该微凝胶具有良好的溶胀性能。分别讨论了聚合反应条件对反应转化率和微凝胶粒径的影响,可将微凝胶的粒径控制在0.63~1.82μm范围内。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和热重分析仪(TGA)考察了AN的用量对微凝胶形态及热性能的影响,发现在一定范围内,随着反应体系中AN用量的增大,所得微凝胶粒径分布更趋于均一,热性能提高,有利于其在较高温度下使用。
为了进一步研究共聚单体对微凝胶性能的影响,以AM为主单体,AN、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为共聚单体,2,2’-偶氮二[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-代)丙烷]二盐酸盐(VA-044)为引发剂,Bis-A为交联剂,PVP K-30为稳定剂,通过分散共聚分别制备了一系列二元共聚P(AM-co-AMPS)微凝胶和三元共聚P(AM-co-AN-co-AMPS)微凝胶。结果表明所得共聚物微凝胶具有较好的溶胀性能,最大溶胀度(V/V0)可达530,和一定的耐温抗盐性,为其作为油田堵水调剖剂提供了技术保证。
采用分散共聚法,在适当的反应条件下,可制得球形结构完整、粒径分布均一、粒径可控的共聚物微凝胶,而共聚单体的加入有效的改善了微凝胶的耐温抗盐性能,使其适用于油田特殊开采环境中的堵水调剖。
Linear polyacrylamide polymers were widely uesd as water plugging and profile control agent in main oil fields in China. But they had poor temperature-resistance and salt-resistance. Exploring a novel polymer with favorable temperature-resistance and salt-resistance properties was significantly important both in theory and in application.
In this paper, a series of P(AM-co-AN) microgels were prepared by dispersion copolymerization of hydrophilic monomer acrylamide (AM) and hydrophobic monomer acrylontrile (AN) using azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator, N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (Bis-A) as cross-linker and polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP K-30) as stabilizer in an aqueous alcoholic media which showed good swelling properties. The influences of copolymerization conditions on the reaction conversion rate and the average particle size of P(AM-co-AN) microgels were investigated respectively, and the average particle size of microgels was controlled in the range of 0.63 to 1.82μm. The effect of AM/AN mass ratio on the morphology and thermal properties of the microgels was also investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found that the size distributions of the microgels became more monodispersed and the thermal properties of the microgels was enhanced by increasing the content of AN comonomer so that they could be used at higher temperature.
In order to study the effect of comonomers on the properties of the microgels further, P(AM-co-AMPS) and P(AM-co-AN-co-AMPS) microgels were synthesized by dispersion copolymerization using AM as main monomer, AN and 2-acrylamido-2- methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) as comonomers, 2,2'-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin- 2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride (VA-044), Bis-A and PVP K-30 as initiator, cross-linker and dispersion stabilizer. The result indicated that the copolymer microgels showed good swelling properties, temperature-resistance and salt-resistance properties, and they may be used as water plugging material in oil exploitation.
Copolymer microgels with narrow size distribution were prepared by dispersion copolymerization. The synthesized copolymer micrgels kept spherical structure and their sizes could be controlled by changing reaction parameters. Temperature-resistance and salt-resistance performances of microgels were improved by adding the comonomers, so that they could be used as water plugging and profile control agent in complex conditions in oil exploration.
本文首先以亲水性丙烯酰胺(AM)和疏水性丙烯腈(AN)为主要单体,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(Bis-A)为交联剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP K-30)为稳定剂,在乙醇/水的混合介质中进行分散共聚,制得了一系列P(AM-co-AN)微凝胶,该微凝胶具有良好的溶胀性能。分别讨论了聚合反应条件对反应转化率和微凝胶粒径的影响,可将微凝胶的粒径控制在0.63~1.82μm范围内。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和热重分析仪(TGA)考察了AN的用量对微凝胶形态及热性能的影响,发现在一定范围内,随着反应体系中AN用量的增大,所得微凝胶粒径分布更趋于均一,热性能提高,有利于其在较高温度下使用。
为了进一步研究共聚单体对微凝胶性能的影响,以AM为主单体,AN、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为共聚单体,2,2’-偶氮二[2-(2-咪唑啉-2-代)丙烷]二盐酸盐(VA-044)为引发剂,Bis-A为交联剂,PVP K-30为稳定剂,通过分散共聚分别制备了一系列二元共聚P(AM-co-AMPS)微凝胶和三元共聚P(AM-co-AN-co-AMPS)微凝胶。结果表明所得共聚物微凝胶具有较好的溶胀性能,最大溶胀度(V/V0)可达530,和一定的耐温抗盐性,为其作为油田堵水调剖剂提供了技术保证。
采用分散共聚法,在适当的反应条件下,可制得球形结构完整、粒径分布均一、粒径可控的共聚物微凝胶,而共聚单体的加入有效的改善了微凝胶的耐温抗盐性能,使其适用于油田特殊开采环境中的堵水调剖。
Linear polyacrylamide polymers were widely uesd as water plugging and profile control agent in main oil fields in China. But they had poor temperature-resistance and salt-resistance. Exploring a novel polymer with favorable temperature-resistance and salt-resistance properties was significantly important both in theory and in application.
In this paper, a series of P(AM-co-AN) microgels were prepared by dispersion copolymerization of hydrophilic monomer acrylamide (AM) and hydrophobic monomer acrylontrile (AN) using azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator, N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide (Bis-A) as cross-linker and polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP K-30) as stabilizer in an aqueous alcoholic media which showed good swelling properties. The influences of copolymerization conditions on the reaction conversion rate and the average particle size of P(AM-co-AN) microgels were investigated respectively, and the average particle size of microgels was controlled in the range of 0.63 to 1.82μm. The effect of AM/AN mass ratio on the morphology and thermal properties of the microgels was also investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). It was found that the size distributions of the microgels became more monodispersed and the thermal properties of the microgels was enhanced by increasing the content of AN comonomer so that they could be used at higher temperature.
In order to study the effect of comonomers on the properties of the microgels further, P(AM-co-AMPS) and P(AM-co-AN-co-AMPS) microgels were synthesized by dispersion copolymerization using AM as main monomer, AN and 2-acrylamido-2- methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) as comonomers, 2,2'-azobis[2-(2-imidazolin- 2-yl)propane] dihydrochloride (VA-044), Bis-A and PVP K-30 as initiator, cross-linker and dispersion stabilizer. The result indicated that the copolymer microgels showed good swelling properties, temperature-resistance and salt-resistance properties, and they may be used as water plugging material in oil exploitation.
Copolymer microgels with narrow size distribution were prepared by dispersion copolymerization. The synthesized copolymer micrgels kept spherical structure and their sizes could be controlled by changing reaction parameters. Temperature-resistance and salt-resistance performances of microgels were improved by adding the comonomers, so that they could be used as water plugging and profile control agent in complex conditions in oil exploration.
引文
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[2] Staudinger H, Husemann E. Highly polymerized compounds. CXVI. The limiting swelling capability of polystyrene[J]. Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft[Abteilung]B: Abhandlungen, 1934, 68: 1620.
[3] Sehulze W A, Croueh W W. Solution viseosity of GR-S variation with conversion[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 1948, 40: 151-154.
[4] Baker W O. Microgel, a new macromolecule. Relation to sol and gel as structural elements of synthetic rubber[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 1949, 41:511-520.
[5] Funke W E. Microgels intramolecularly crosslinked macromolecules-potent components of organtic coatings[J]. Journal of Coating Technology, 1988, 60(767): 69-76.
[6] Pelton R. Temperature-sensitive aqueous microgel[J]. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2000, 85: 1-33.
[7]龙明策,王鹏,郑彤.高吸水性树脂溶胀热力学及吸水机理[J].化学通报, 2002, (10): 705-709
[8] Flory P J. Principles of polymer chemistry. New York: Cornell University Press, 1954.
[9] Mahaveer D, Kurkuri, Tekrak M. Aminabhavi. Polyacrylomitrile-poly(vinylalcohol) membrane for the pervaoration separation of dirmethy fommamide and water mixtures[J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2004, 91(6): 4091-4097.
[10]李清华. PVA/PEO水凝胶和PAAS/PVA水凝胶的性能及应用研究[D]: [硕士学位论文].苏州:苏州大学放射医学与防护学院, 2010.
[11]刘机关,倪忠斌,熊万斌等.聚丙烯酰胺交联微球的制备及其粒径影响因素[J].石油化工, 2008, 37(10): 1059-1063.
[12] Shen Y H, Zhang X Y, Lu J J, et al. Effect of chemical composition on properties of pH-responsive poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) microgels prepared by inverse microemulsion polymerization [J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2009, 350: 87-90.
[13] Voorn D J, Ming W. Polymer-clay nanocomposite latex particles by inverse pickering emulsion polymerization stabilized with hydrophobic montmorillonite platelets[J]. Macromolecules, 2006, 39: 2137-2143
[14]马海霞,林梅钦,李明远等.交联聚合物微球体系性质研究[J].应用化工, 2006, 35(6): 453-455.
[15]蒋永华,彭晓宏,谢宇燕.反相微乳液聚合制备阳离子聚丙烯酰胺微粒的研究[J].精细与专用化学品, 2004, 12(6): 17-19.
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