ZnO/SnO_2复合染料敏化太阳能电池的研究
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摘要
染料敏化太阳能电池(DSC)是一种新型光电化学太阳能电池,它制作工艺简单、成本低、性能稳定、并且对环境良性,具有很好的应用前景。目前,以TiO_2作导电薄膜的染料敏化纳米晶太阳能电池的光电转化效率最高已达11%。但是纳晶多孔TiO_2薄膜中存在着大量表面态,表面能级位于禁带之中,呈局域态构成陷阱,束缚了电子在薄膜中的运动,导致电子与电解质复合的概率增大,暗电流增加,效率降低,大量表面态的存在,是使DSC转换效率降低的原因之一,因此用其他半导体氧化物薄膜作为光阳极制作薄膜太阳能电池就成为了DSC研究的一个热点。本文探讨了以ZnO、SnO_2及其复合物作为半导体膜的染料敏化太阳能电池。主要研究内容为:
(1)以结晶四氯化锡为主原料,在200℃、pH = 8-9条件下,水热结晶12小时,450℃下处理1小时后,得到了粒径为3-5 nm的金红石型SnO_2,以此组装纳米SnO_2电极和DSC太阳能电池。在模拟太阳光(100 mW/cm2)辐照下,所组装的DSC太阳能电池的开路电压为401 mV,短路电流密度6.12 mA/cm2,填充因子为46.87%,总光电转化效率为1.15%。
(2)以乙酸锌为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备ZnO凝胶,该凝胶在500℃下马弗炉中处理1小时,获得粒径为50-100 nm的ZnO膜,以此组装纳米ZnO电极和DSC太阳能电池。在模拟太阳光(100 mW/cm~2)辐照下,所组装的DSC太阳能电池的开路电压为554 mV,短路电流密度6.24 mA/cm2,填充因子为51.58%,总光电转化效率为1.78%。
(3)以乙酸锌,结晶四氯化锡为主要原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法和水热法制备了粒径为30 nm的ZnO/SnO_2复合纳米膜,控制氧化锌和氧化锡的物质量比为n_(Zn) : n_(Sn),以此组装纳米ZnO/SnO_2复合电极和DSC太阳能电池。在模拟太阳光(100 mW/cm2)辐照下,所组装的DSC太阳能电池的开路电压为620 mV,短路电流密度14.53 mA/cm~2,填充因子为58.29%,总光电转化效率为5.25%。
Dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cell (DSC) is a new type of photoelectric chemical soalr cell with simple preparation procedure, low cost, stable photo-to-electric performance and friendly environment, which make it a good alternative of photo-to-electric devices. At present, the total efficiences of DSC based on nanoporous TiO_2 electrodes has been over 11%. But various surface states on the TiO_2 thin film results in the recombination between the photo-generated electrons and the holes, increases the dark current, and reduces the total efficiency of the DSCs. It becomes a hot issue for searching for other semiconductor oxide compound thin film to replace the TiO_2 porous film.
In this paper, the dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells based on the SnO_2, ZnO and ZnO/SnO_2 porous films were investigated, the primary results are shown as follow:
(1) SnO_2 nanoporous film with a particle size of 3-5 nanometer was prepared from Tin tetrachloride hydrate by hydrothermal method at pH = 8-9, at 200oC for 12 hour, and then calcined at 450℃for 1 hour. Based on the film, a SnO_2 nanoelectrode and a DSC were assembled. Under irradiation of simulation sunlight (100 mW/cm~2), the DSC with a short-circuit intensity of 6.12 mA/cm~2, open-circuit voltage of 401 mV, fill factor of 46.87% and total efficiency of 1.15% of was obtained.
(2) ZnO film with a particle size of 50-100 nanometer was prepared from zinc acetate by sol-gel method, and then calcined at 500℃for 1 hour. Based on the film, a ZnO nanoelectrode and a DSC were assembled. Under irradiation of simulation sunlight (100 mW/cm2), the DSC with a short-circuit intensity of 6.24 mA/cm~2, open-circuit voltage of 554 mV, fill factor of 51.58% and total efficiency of 1.78% of was obtained.
(3) ZnO/SnO_2 complex film with a particle size of 30 nanometer was prepared by combined sol-gel method and hydrothermal method from zinc acetate and Tin tetrachloride hydrate.When the ratio of nZn: nSn was controlled at 2, a ZnO/SnO_2 complex nanoelectrode and a DSC were assembled. Based on the film, a ZnO/SnO_2 complex nanoelectrode and a DSC were assembled. Under irradiation of simulation sunlight (100 mW/cm~2), the DSC with a short-circuit intensity of 14.53 mA/cm2, open-circuit voltage of 670 mV, fill factor of 58.29% and total efficiency of 5.25% of was obtained.
(1)以结晶四氯化锡为主原料,在200℃、pH = 8-9条件下,水热结晶12小时,450℃下处理1小时后,得到了粒径为3-5 nm的金红石型SnO_2,以此组装纳米SnO_2电极和DSC太阳能电池。在模拟太阳光(100 mW/cm2)辐照下,所组装的DSC太阳能电池的开路电压为401 mV,短路电流密度6.12 mA/cm2,填充因子为46.87%,总光电转化效率为1.15%。
(2)以乙酸锌为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备ZnO凝胶,该凝胶在500℃下马弗炉中处理1小时,获得粒径为50-100 nm的ZnO膜,以此组装纳米ZnO电极和DSC太阳能电池。在模拟太阳光(100 mW/cm~2)辐照下,所组装的DSC太阳能电池的开路电压为554 mV,短路电流密度6.24 mA/cm2,填充因子为51.58%,总光电转化效率为1.78%。
(3)以乙酸锌,结晶四氯化锡为主要原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法和水热法制备了粒径为30 nm的ZnO/SnO_2复合纳米膜,控制氧化锌和氧化锡的物质量比为n_(Zn) : n_(Sn),以此组装纳米ZnO/SnO_2复合电极和DSC太阳能电池。在模拟太阳光(100 mW/cm2)辐照下,所组装的DSC太阳能电池的开路电压为620 mV,短路电流密度14.53 mA/cm~2,填充因子为58.29%,总光电转化效率为5.25%。
Dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cell (DSC) is a new type of photoelectric chemical soalr cell with simple preparation procedure, low cost, stable photo-to-electric performance and friendly environment, which make it a good alternative of photo-to-electric devices. At present, the total efficiences of DSC based on nanoporous TiO_2 electrodes has been over 11%. But various surface states on the TiO_2 thin film results in the recombination between the photo-generated electrons and the holes, increases the dark current, and reduces the total efficiency of the DSCs. It becomes a hot issue for searching for other semiconductor oxide compound thin film to replace the TiO_2 porous film.
In this paper, the dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells based on the SnO_2, ZnO and ZnO/SnO_2 porous films were investigated, the primary results are shown as follow:
(1) SnO_2 nanoporous film with a particle size of 3-5 nanometer was prepared from Tin tetrachloride hydrate by hydrothermal method at pH = 8-9, at 200oC for 12 hour, and then calcined at 450℃for 1 hour. Based on the film, a SnO_2 nanoelectrode and a DSC were assembled. Under irradiation of simulation sunlight (100 mW/cm~2), the DSC with a short-circuit intensity of 6.12 mA/cm~2, open-circuit voltage of 401 mV, fill factor of 46.87% and total efficiency of 1.15% of was obtained.
(2) ZnO film with a particle size of 50-100 nanometer was prepared from zinc acetate by sol-gel method, and then calcined at 500℃for 1 hour. Based on the film, a ZnO nanoelectrode and a DSC were assembled. Under irradiation of simulation sunlight (100 mW/cm2), the DSC with a short-circuit intensity of 6.24 mA/cm~2, open-circuit voltage of 554 mV, fill factor of 51.58% and total efficiency of 1.78% of was obtained.
(3) ZnO/SnO_2 complex film with a particle size of 30 nanometer was prepared by combined sol-gel method and hydrothermal method from zinc acetate and Tin tetrachloride hydrate.When the ratio of nZn: nSn was controlled at 2, a ZnO/SnO_2 complex nanoelectrode and a DSC were assembled. Based on the film, a ZnO/SnO_2 complex nanoelectrode and a DSC were assembled. Under irradiation of simulation sunlight (100 mW/cm~2), the DSC with a short-circuit intensity of 14.53 mA/cm2, open-circuit voltage of 670 mV, fill factor of 58.29% and total efficiency of 5.25% of was obtained.
引文
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