EV-DO迭代干扰抵消的研究和前向链路物理层实现
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摘要
多码道技术广泛地应用于第三代移动通信系统,灵活地为用户提供高速分组数据业务。多码道技术的基本思想是采用正交扩频码为用户分配多个码道。在单径环境下,接收的多码道信号之间保持正交;但是在多径环境下,由于多径不同时延,用户内部多码道之间的信号不再保持正交,不同延迟多径之间的互相关产生了多码道干扰(MCI)。多码道干扰严重地影响了系统性能。
本文首先介绍了多用户检测系统模型和非线性多用户检测算法;得到一般多码道通信的发射系统和应用迭代干扰抵消的多码道接收系统模型;并推导了一般多码道通信系统的迭代干扰抵消算法。针对EV-DO前向链路多码道通信系统,本文首先分析了EV-DO前向链路接收系统的符号级迭代干扰抵消和chip级迭代干扰抵消模型;在此基础上,详细地推导了应用于EV-DO前向链路接收系统的符号级迭代干扰抵消和chip级迭代干扰抵消算法。接下来本文研究了EV-DO前向接收系统的符号级和chip级迭代干扰抵消的基本仿真性能。仿真结果表明:迭代干扰抵消较好地解决了多码道通信系统在多径衰落信道中高速传输数据的问题。针对迭代干扰抵消算法的复杂度,本文研究了多种降低算法复杂度的实现方法。并分析了迭代次数和数据存储位数对系统性能的影响。
论文第五章介绍了EV-DO前向链路发射系统;然后详细地设计了前向基本性能接收系统中的信道估计。最后,论文给出了前向链路基本性能接收系统的仿真曲线。
Multi-Code technique is widely used in the third generation mobile communication systems,and flexibly provides high-rate packet data services for users. The basic idea of Multi-Code technique is to assign multiple coded channels to any given user by orthogonal codes. The received multi-code signals maintain orthogonal to each other in single-path environments. However, in multi-path environments, these intra-user multi-code signals from different delay paths are no longer orthogonal to each other, the cross-correlation between different delay paths results in Multi-Code Interference (MCI). MCI degrades the system performance.
At the first part of this thesis, a signal model of Multi-User Detection (MUD) and non-linear detection algorithms are described. Base on a common multi-code transmission system and receiving system with Iterative Interference Cancellation (IIC), we investigate the signal models of symbol-level IIC and chip-level IIC in forward link receiving system of EV-DO, deducing the algorithms of symbol-level IIC and chip-level IIC. Then we study the basic performances of EV-DO forward link receiving system with symbol-level IIC and chip-level IIC. The simulation results show that IIC is comparatively a good solution to the problem of high-rate data transmission in forward link of EV-DO system. Focusing on the complexity of IIC algorithms, we propose different methods to reduce them. The Iterative time and bit-width’s impacts on the performances of EV-DO system are also investigated.
The forward link transmission system of EV-DO is described in chapter five. Then we exhibit the design of the channel estimation of basic receiving system detailedly. The performances of basic forward link receiving system are presented at the end of chapter five.
本文首先介绍了多用户检测系统模型和非线性多用户检测算法;得到一般多码道通信的发射系统和应用迭代干扰抵消的多码道接收系统模型;并推导了一般多码道通信系统的迭代干扰抵消算法。针对EV-DO前向链路多码道通信系统,本文首先分析了EV-DO前向链路接收系统的符号级迭代干扰抵消和chip级迭代干扰抵消模型;在此基础上,详细地推导了应用于EV-DO前向链路接收系统的符号级迭代干扰抵消和chip级迭代干扰抵消算法。接下来本文研究了EV-DO前向接收系统的符号级和chip级迭代干扰抵消的基本仿真性能。仿真结果表明:迭代干扰抵消较好地解决了多码道通信系统在多径衰落信道中高速传输数据的问题。针对迭代干扰抵消算法的复杂度,本文研究了多种降低算法复杂度的实现方法。并分析了迭代次数和数据存储位数对系统性能的影响。
论文第五章介绍了EV-DO前向链路发射系统;然后详细地设计了前向基本性能接收系统中的信道估计。最后,论文给出了前向链路基本性能接收系统的仿真曲线。
Multi-Code technique is widely used in the third generation mobile communication systems,and flexibly provides high-rate packet data services for users. The basic idea of Multi-Code technique is to assign multiple coded channels to any given user by orthogonal codes. The received multi-code signals maintain orthogonal to each other in single-path environments. However, in multi-path environments, these intra-user multi-code signals from different delay paths are no longer orthogonal to each other, the cross-correlation between different delay paths results in Multi-Code Interference (MCI). MCI degrades the system performance.
At the first part of this thesis, a signal model of Multi-User Detection (MUD) and non-linear detection algorithms are described. Base on a common multi-code transmission system and receiving system with Iterative Interference Cancellation (IIC), we investigate the signal models of symbol-level IIC and chip-level IIC in forward link receiving system of EV-DO, deducing the algorithms of symbol-level IIC and chip-level IIC. Then we study the basic performances of EV-DO forward link receiving system with symbol-level IIC and chip-level IIC. The simulation results show that IIC is comparatively a good solution to the problem of high-rate data transmission in forward link of EV-DO system. Focusing on the complexity of IIC algorithms, we propose different methods to reduce them. The Iterative time and bit-width’s impacts on the performances of EV-DO system are also investigated.
The forward link transmission system of EV-DO is described in chapter five. Then we exhibit the design of the channel estimation of basic receiving system detailedly. The performances of basic forward link receiving system are presented at the end of chapter five.
引文
[1] 张智江,刘申建等,“CDMA2000 1x EV-DO 网络技术”[M].机械工业出版社,2005.
[2] 华为技术有限公司,“CDMA2000 1x 无线网络规划与优化”[M].人民邮电出版社,2005.
[3] 3GPP2 C.S0002-B: “Physical Layer Standard for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Systems” [S]. Version 1.0 2002-04.
[4] Jun Chen, Jiangzhou Wang, Mamoru Sawahashi: “MCI Cancellation for Multicode Wideband CDMA Systems” [J]. IEEE J Select. Areas Communications. Vol.20, pp.450~462, February 2002.
[5] 3GPP2 C.S0033-0:“Recommended Minimum Performance Standards for cdma2000 High Rate Packet Data Access Terminal” [S]. Version 2.0 2003-12.
[6] 龚秋莎,杨家玮,“第三代移动通信系统中的多用户检测技术”[J].电信快报,No. 11, 2002.
[7] S.Verdu, “Minimum Probability of Error for Asynchronous Gaussian Multiple-Access Channels” [J], IEEE Trans, on IT, vol.32, No.1, pp85~96, 1986.
[8] Schneider, K.S, “Optimum Detection of Code Division Multiplexed Signals” [J]. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. AES-15.No.1, pp.181~185, Jan. 1979.
[9] Georgios B. Giannakis, Yingbo Hua, Petre Stoica, Lang Tong, “Signal Processing Advances in Wireless and Mobile Communication”. [M] .Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2004.
[10] John G.Proakis: “Digital Communications (Fourth Edition)”. [M].Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2001.
[11] 周小燕,“WCDMA 多用户检测算法的研究和下行链路解复用技术的 FPGA 实现” [D].[硕士学位论文]. 南京:东南大学无线电工程系,2004
[12] 梁霄,“迭代多用户检测技术在 WCDMA 上行链路中的研究与应用” [D].[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学无线电工程系,2005
[13] 刘东华,“Turbo 码原理与应用技术”[M].电子工业出版社,2004。
[14] Xiaodong Wang, H.Vincent Poor: “Iterative (Turbo) Soft Interface Cancellation and Decoding for Coded CDMA” [J]. IEEE Trans. Communications. Vol.47, pp.1046~1061, July 1999.
[15] Bin Xia and Jiangzhou wang: “QAM with Interference Cancellation for High-Speed Multi-Code CDMA” [J], IEEE 7thInt. Symp. On Spread-Spectrum Tech, &Appl., Prague, Czech Republic, Sept.2~5, 2002.
[16] 3GPP2 C.S0024-0:“cdma2000 High Date Packet Data Air Interface Specification” [S]. Version 4.0 2000-03.
[17] 赵军辉,“现代移动通信系统中干扰抵消、均衡和迭代接收技术研究” [D].[博士学位论文].南京:东南大学无线电工程系,2002.
[18] 孙海童,“WCDMA 系统 RAKE 接收及功率控制技术研究” [D].[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学无线电工程系,2002.
[19] Schramm P: “Analysis and Optimization for Pilot-Channel-Assisted BPSK for DS-CDMA Systems” [J].IEEE, 1998.
[20] Lenardi M, Slock T M: “A RAKE Structured SINR Maximizing Mobile Receiver for the WCDMA Downlink” [J].2001.
[21] 沈盟,“CDMA2000-1x 移动终端同步与接收技术的研究与实现” [D].[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学无线电工程系,2001.
[22] 董霄剑, “宽带移动通信系统中信道估计与接收机技术研究” [D].[博士学位论文].南京:东南大学无线电工程系,2002.
[23] 3GPP2 C.S0002-A: “Physical Layer Standard for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Systems” [S]. Version 5.0 2001-07
[24] 3GPP TS25.211:“Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical channels (FDD)” [S]. Version 3.4 2000-09.
[25] 3GPP TS25.212:“Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD)” [S]. Version 6.0 2003-12.
[26] 3GPP TS25.213:“Spreading and modulation (FDD)” [S]. Version 6.0 2003-12.
[27] A. Duel-Hallen, “A family of multiuser decision-feedback detectors for asynchronous code-division multiple-access channels” [J], IEEE Trans. On Communications, vol. 43, pp.421~434, Feb. /Mar. /Apr. 1995.
[28] Lupas, R, and S.Verdu, “Near-Far resistance of Multiuser Detectors in Asunchronous Code-Division Multiple Access Communications” [J]. IEEE Trans. on Communications, COM-38, pp.496~508, Apr. 1990.
[29] Abdulrahman, A., Falconer, D.D., and Sheikh, A.U. (1994). “Decision Feedback Equalization for CDMA in Indoor Wireless Communications” [J]. IEEE J.Select. Areas Commun. Vol.12, pp.698~706, May.
[30] Herzog R, “Interference Cancellation for a High Data Rate User in Coded CDMA Systems”, [A], IEEE ICC[C], pp.709~713, 1998.
[31] J.Hagenauer, “Forward error correcting for CDMA systems” [J]. Proc. IEEE Fourth International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques Applications (ISSSTA’96), Mainz, Germany, pp.566~569, Sept.1996.
[32] Simnoe Morosi, Enrico Del Re, “Improved Interactive Parallel Interference Cancellation Receiver for DS-CDMA 3G Systems” [J]. IEEE, pp.877~822.2003.
[33] A.Kaul and B.D.Woerner, “Analytic limits on the performance of adaptive multistage interference cancellation for CDMA” [J]. IEE Electronice Letters, vol.30, No.25, pp.2093~2094, December 1994.
[34] H. V. Poor and S. Verdu, “Probablity of error in MMSE multi-user detection” [J]. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol IT-43, pp.858! 871, May 1997.
[35] M. C. Reed et al, “Iterative multi-user detection for CDMA with FEC: Near signal user performance” [J]. IEEE Trans. on Communications, vol.46, pp.1693~1699, Dec. 1998.
[36] Bassel F.Beidas, Hesham El Gamal, and Stan Kay, “Iterative Interference Cancellation for High Spectral Efficiency Satellite Communications” [J]. IEEE Trans. on Communications. Vol.50, No.1, pp.31~36. Jan. 2002.
[37] Alexander Lampe and Johannes B.Huber, “Iterative Interference Cancellation for DS-CDMA System with High System Loads Using Reliablity-Dependent Feedback” [J]. IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology, vol.51, No.3, pp.445~452, May. 2002.
[38] 吴江,“WCDMA 系统 Turbo 码译码技术的研究与实现” [D].[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学无线电工程系,2002.
[39] 高炳涛,“WCDMA 系统下行接收技术研究实现” [D]. [硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学无线电工程系,2003.
[40] 邱宁,“CDMA 系统中 chip 均衡器的研究及 Turbo 译码器的硬件实现” [D]. [硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学无线电工程系,2004.
[41] 朱劲松,“WCDMA 下行链路干扰抑制接收机研究和低功耗 ASIC 设计方法探讨” [D].[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学无线电工程系,2005.
[42] 金伟,“WCDMA 下行接收技术研究及基站发射模块的硬件实现” [D].[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学无线电工程系,2005.
[43] 刘雅然,“WCDMA 系统中发射分集技术研究及移动台发射硬件实现” [D].[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学无线电工程系,2005.
[44] 杨大成,“CDMA2000 技术”[M].北京邮电大学出版社,2000.
[45] J. Bhasker 著,徐振林等译,“Verilog HDL 硬件描述语言” [M] .机械工业出版社,2000.
[46] 袁慰平等编,“数值分析”[M].东南大学出版社,1992.
[47] 陈明著,“通信与信息工程中的随机过程”[M].东南大学出版社,2001.
[48] 张明淳著,“工程矩阵”[M].东南大学出版社,1995.
[2] 华为技术有限公司,“CDMA2000 1x 无线网络规划与优化”[M].人民邮电出版社,2005.
[3] 3GPP2 C.S0002-B: “Physical Layer Standard for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Systems” [S]. Version 1.0 2002-04.
[4] Jun Chen, Jiangzhou Wang, Mamoru Sawahashi: “MCI Cancellation for Multicode Wideband CDMA Systems” [J]. IEEE J Select. Areas Communications. Vol.20, pp.450~462, February 2002.
[5] 3GPP2 C.S0033-0:“Recommended Minimum Performance Standards for cdma2000 High Rate Packet Data Access Terminal” [S]. Version 2.0 2003-12.
[6] 龚秋莎,杨家玮,“第三代移动通信系统中的多用户检测技术”[J].电信快报,No. 11, 2002.
[7] S.Verdu, “Minimum Probability of Error for Asynchronous Gaussian Multiple-Access Channels” [J], IEEE Trans, on IT, vol.32, No.1, pp85~96, 1986.
[8] Schneider, K.S, “Optimum Detection of Code Division Multiplexed Signals” [J]. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. AES-15.No.1, pp.181~185, Jan. 1979.
[9] Georgios B. Giannakis, Yingbo Hua, Petre Stoica, Lang Tong, “Signal Processing Advances in Wireless and Mobile Communication”. [M] .Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2004.
[10] John G.Proakis: “Digital Communications (Fourth Edition)”. [M].Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2001.
[11] 周小燕,“WCDMA 多用户检测算法的研究和下行链路解复用技术的 FPGA 实现” [D].[硕士学位论文]. 南京:东南大学无线电工程系,2004
[12] 梁霄,“迭代多用户检测技术在 WCDMA 上行链路中的研究与应用” [D].[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学无线电工程系,2005
[13] 刘东华,“Turbo 码原理与应用技术”[M].电子工业出版社,2004。
[14] Xiaodong Wang, H.Vincent Poor: “Iterative (Turbo) Soft Interface Cancellation and Decoding for Coded CDMA” [J]. IEEE Trans. Communications. Vol.47, pp.1046~1061, July 1999.
[15] Bin Xia and Jiangzhou wang: “QAM with Interference Cancellation for High-Speed Multi-Code CDMA” [J], IEEE 7thInt. Symp. On Spread-Spectrum Tech, &Appl., Prague, Czech Republic, Sept.2~5, 2002.
[16] 3GPP2 C.S0024-0:“cdma2000 High Date Packet Data Air Interface Specification” [S]. Version 4.0 2000-03.
[17] 赵军辉,“现代移动通信系统中干扰抵消、均衡和迭代接收技术研究” [D].[博士学位论文].南京:东南大学无线电工程系,2002.
[18] 孙海童,“WCDMA 系统 RAKE 接收及功率控制技术研究” [D].[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学无线电工程系,2002.
[19] Schramm P: “Analysis and Optimization for Pilot-Channel-Assisted BPSK for DS-CDMA Systems” [J].IEEE, 1998.
[20] Lenardi M, Slock T M: “A RAKE Structured SINR Maximizing Mobile Receiver for the WCDMA Downlink” [J].2001.
[21] 沈盟,“CDMA2000-1x 移动终端同步与接收技术的研究与实现” [D].[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学无线电工程系,2001.
[22] 董霄剑, “宽带移动通信系统中信道估计与接收机技术研究” [D].[博士学位论文].南京:东南大学无线电工程系,2002.
[23] 3GPP2 C.S0002-A: “Physical Layer Standard for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Systems” [S]. Version 5.0 2001-07
[24] 3GPP TS25.211:“Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical channels (FDD)” [S]. Version 3.4 2000-09.
[25] 3GPP TS25.212:“Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD)” [S]. Version 6.0 2003-12.
[26] 3GPP TS25.213:“Spreading and modulation (FDD)” [S]. Version 6.0 2003-12.
[27] A. Duel-Hallen, “A family of multiuser decision-feedback detectors for asynchronous code-division multiple-access channels” [J], IEEE Trans. On Communications, vol. 43, pp.421~434, Feb. /Mar. /Apr. 1995.
[28] Lupas, R, and S.Verdu, “Near-Far resistance of Multiuser Detectors in Asunchronous Code-Division Multiple Access Communications” [J]. IEEE Trans. on Communications, COM-38, pp.496~508, Apr. 1990.
[29] Abdulrahman, A., Falconer, D.D., and Sheikh, A.U. (1994). “Decision Feedback Equalization for CDMA in Indoor Wireless Communications” [J]. IEEE J.Select. Areas Commun. Vol.12, pp.698~706, May.
[30] Herzog R, “Interference Cancellation for a High Data Rate User in Coded CDMA Systems”, [A], IEEE ICC[C], pp.709~713, 1998.
[31] J.Hagenauer, “Forward error correcting for CDMA systems” [J]. Proc. IEEE Fourth International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques Applications (ISSSTA’96), Mainz, Germany, pp.566~569, Sept.1996.
[32] Simnoe Morosi, Enrico Del Re, “Improved Interactive Parallel Interference Cancellation Receiver for DS-CDMA 3G Systems” [J]. IEEE, pp.877~822.2003.
[33] A.Kaul and B.D.Woerner, “Analytic limits on the performance of adaptive multistage interference cancellation for CDMA” [J]. IEE Electronice Letters, vol.30, No.25, pp.2093~2094, December 1994.
[34] H. V. Poor and S. Verdu, “Probablity of error in MMSE multi-user detection” [J]. IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, vol IT-43, pp.858! 871, May 1997.
[35] M. C. Reed et al, “Iterative multi-user detection for CDMA with FEC: Near signal user performance” [J]. IEEE Trans. on Communications, vol.46, pp.1693~1699, Dec. 1998.
[36] Bassel F.Beidas, Hesham El Gamal, and Stan Kay, “Iterative Interference Cancellation for High Spectral Efficiency Satellite Communications” [J]. IEEE Trans. on Communications. Vol.50, No.1, pp.31~36. Jan. 2002.
[37] Alexander Lampe and Johannes B.Huber, “Iterative Interference Cancellation for DS-CDMA System with High System Loads Using Reliablity-Dependent Feedback” [J]. IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology, vol.51, No.3, pp.445~452, May. 2002.
[38] 吴江,“WCDMA 系统 Turbo 码译码技术的研究与实现” [D].[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学无线电工程系,2002.
[39] 高炳涛,“WCDMA 系统下行接收技术研究实现” [D]. [硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学无线电工程系,2003.
[40] 邱宁,“CDMA 系统中 chip 均衡器的研究及 Turbo 译码器的硬件实现” [D]. [硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学无线电工程系,2004.
[41] 朱劲松,“WCDMA 下行链路干扰抑制接收机研究和低功耗 ASIC 设计方法探讨” [D].[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学无线电工程系,2005.
[42] 金伟,“WCDMA 下行接收技术研究及基站发射模块的硬件实现” [D].[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学无线电工程系,2005.
[43] 刘雅然,“WCDMA 系统中发射分集技术研究及移动台发射硬件实现” [D].[硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学无线电工程系,2005.
[44] 杨大成,“CDMA2000 技术”[M].北京邮电大学出版社,2000.
[45] J. Bhasker 著,徐振林等译,“Verilog HDL 硬件描述语言” [M] .机械工业出版社,2000.
[46] 袁慰平等编,“数值分析”[M].东南大学出版社,1992.
[47] 陈明著,“通信与信息工程中的随机过程”[M].东南大学出版社,2001.
[48] 张明淳著,“工程矩阵”[M].东南大学出版社,1995.