基于技术董事协同能力的产业链治理研究
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摘要
在全球经济一体化的大背景下，随着产业结构调整、产业转移、发展创新性产业等产业发展思路的相机出现，产业链作为新经济社会的发展形式，以企业集团为依托，通过兼并、合作、控股等方式纵向拓展、横向联合，内部衍生、外部兼并，形成上、中、下游为一体；以企业链、资金链、供应链、价值链、产品链、技术链、信息链为连接的纽带；以整合不同节点企业间的资源，实现节点企业间利益的最大化为目标，在经济社会发展中越来越显示出它的优越性。国外在产业转移中将同一产业链的上、中、下游进行有效整合，核心企业从事上、中游生产，其技术研发由核心企业发挥产业链主要作用，协同其它节点企业模块化研发。但我国技术主导型产业链的技术协同研发，无法与国外发达国家的产业链相比拟，我国自然垄断产业（大型国有企业集团掌控）的垄断力在加强，以至于取得高额利润还要政府进行补贴，技术研发比较薄弱，买脑行动屡见不鲜；非国有企业虽然充当了中国产业结构调整与进步的主力军，自主研发，实现产业的技术创新，但产业链较短，而且产业链上节点企业各自为阵，节点企业间信任缺失，技术研发很难实现其协同。本研究立足于我国技术主导型产业链技术协同研发的实际，以核心企业为主，节点企业为辅，将技术董事的协同能力置于重要的地位，由此来研究技术董事协同能力对产业链人际信任、信息共享、制度信任产生的作用。
本研究的主要内容及得出的结论有：
（1）对现有的相关理论和研究观点进行整理、分析，认为技术董事不是技术型的董事，而是技术、领导、董事三种角色作用下的执行董事，其协同能力主要受技术董事的态度、协同范围、声誉激励、协同经验、管理重视等因素的影响，技术董事协同能力主要依据技术董事的协作能力、交流能力、沟通能力进行测度的理论依据；
（2）将人际信任、信息共享、制度信任纳入产业链信任治理的框架中进行研究，提出了技术董事协同能力通过技术研发者、领导、董事三种不同角色，对产业链人际信任、信息共享、制度信任的影响假设，并通过结构方程模型，分析不同层面间影响的路径，揭示各因素之间的深层关系及相互依赖性。
(3)采用数学建模的方法，将沉淀知识作为技术董事协同的能力效应，将产业链节点企业的个数作为上、中、下游企业的协同长度，将协同知识在产业链中的传递速度、长度、时间关联起来，知识在协同过程中有耗散、沉淀两部分构成，根据质量守恒定律，认为协同是连续的，从而架构起技术董事协同能力的产业链信任治理模型，得出了技术董事协同能力通过技术研发者角色发挥出来，形成产业链的信任关系、技术董事的协同能力通过领导角色发挥出来，形成产业链的信任关系、技术董事的协同能力通过董事角色发挥出来，形成产业链信任关系等三个命题，在此基础上架构了理论模型并研究了不同影响因素间的关系；
(4)用实证方法对技术董事协同能力的影响因素、技术董事的角色、产业链信任治理的要素及其它们之间的关系进行了检验，对调研的数据进行了统计性描述，采用因子分析和结构方程模型对调研数据进行分析，在分析中采用SPSSl7.0进行数据特征描述、测量模型的探索性因子分析；用AMOS7.0进行测量模型的检验性因子分析，并分析了模型的适配度。
(5)实证检验了各路径假设，揭示了技术董事协同能力、技术董事的三种角色、产业链信任要素、产业链信任治理间的关系，并对检验的结论进行了讨论。提出了技术董事运作机制、产业链人际信任机制、信息共享机制、制度信任机制、产业链信任机制，指出了研究的不足和进一步研究的方向。
In the background of the economic globalization,along with the adjustment ofindustry transfer, industry restructuring and the development of creative industry,theindustry chain is considered as a property of the new economic and socialdevelopment, relying on Enterprise Group to complete horizontal integration,longitudinal development alliance, as well as the internal derivative and externalmerger through the way of mergers, cooperation, holdings and so on, and forming aintegration of upstream、midstream and downstream, which is connected by enterprisechain, capital chain, supply chain, value chain, product chain, technology chain andinformation chain so as to integrate the different resources between the nodeenterprise, to realize the maximization of interests as the goal of industry chain formbetween node enterprise and to show its superiority in economic and socialdevelopment. During the foreign industry transfer, it could integrate the sameindustry chain of the upstream, midstream and downstream effectively,the coreenterprise takes part in the production of the upstream and midstream,and plays themain role of R&D technology and synergy other node enterprise modulardevelopment in the industry chain. However, In China,the technology industry chainof technologyled synergy research and development could not be compared with theforeign developed countries, the strength of China's natural monopoly industry isreinforcing so that it could get high profit and government subsidies, but weak in R&D technology and common on buy brain action;non-state-owned enterprises act as themain force of China's industry restructuring and progress, who developeindependently and achieve the industry's technology innovation, but short in industrychain, each node enterprise for array in the industry chain, lacking of trust anddifficult to achieve synergy. This study based on the technical leading industry chainin China, how to realize the synergy research about technology in industry chain as astarting point, with the core enterprise given priority and node enterprise forattached.This paper leaves the technical director of the synergy ability with an important position, researching from the relationship among the technical director,industry chain interpersonal trust, information sharing.
The main research contents and conclusions are as follow:(1) Througharrangement and analysis on the existing related theories and research viewpoints, wefound that the technical director is not only technology-orientation director, it’s anexecutive director who masters the role of technology, leadership and managingdirector, the synergy ability is the form of personal collaborative ability, mainlyeffected by the technical director of attitude,collaborative scope,reputation incentiveand collabor-ative management experience. Technical director synergy elementsmainly based on technical director's synergy ability,communication ability andcommunication ability.(2) By the study of the interpersonal trust, information sharingand system trust in the industry chain trust governance framework, putting forwardthe hypothesis that the technical director synergy ability has effect on industry chaininterpersonal trust, information sharing, the influence of the system trust through therole of technology developers, leadership and directors. By the structural equationmodel, this paper analyzes the influence of different aspects, revealling the profoundrelationship between various factors and mutual dependence.(3) the author uses themethod of mathematical modeling, making the precipitation knowledge as technicaldirector synergy ability effect, making the number of node enterprises as the length ofthe upstream, midstream and downstream of enterprise collaborative action, makingthe relations of speed, length, time in the process of collaborative knowledge in theindustry chain transmission. The process of knowledge collaborative has two parts:dissipated and precipitation. According to the law of conservation of mass, synergy iscontinuous, thus I architecture up the model of technical director synergy ability ofthe industry chain trust governance, it concludes three propositions: the role of thetechnical director synergy ability plays out through technology developers, whichform the industry chain of trust relationship; the role of the technical director synergyability plays out through the leadership, which form the industry chain of trustrelationship; the role of the technical director synergy ability plays out through thedirector, which form industry chain of trust relationship. Based on it, I architecturetheory model and study the different relationship between influencing factors.(4)This paper is an empirical study of the affecting factors of technical director of the synergyability, the role of technical director, the elements of industry chain trust governanceand the relationship between them, Given statistical description to survey data, usingfactor analysis and structural equation model to carry on the analysis of survey data,during the analysis, software SPSSl7.0is used to carry on statistical description andfactor analysis about the exploratory of measurement model, I use the software ofAMOS7.0to go on the factor analysis about the inspectability of measurement modeland analyze the fitness of the model.(5)The empirical test to each path hypothesis,this paper reveals the hypothesis’s conclusions on technical director synergy ability,three roles of technical director, elements of industry chain trust and industry chaintrust governance, while the conclusions of inspection are discussed. This paper putforward the operation mechanism of technical director, industry chain interpersonaltrust, information sharing, system trust and industry chain trust,and points out thelimit-ations of the study and the direction of further research.
本研究的主要内容及得出的结论有：
（1）对现有的相关理论和研究观点进行整理、分析，认为技术董事不是技术型的董事，而是技术、领导、董事三种角色作用下的执行董事，其协同能力主要受技术董事的态度、协同范围、声誉激励、协同经验、管理重视等因素的影响，技术董事协同能力主要依据技术董事的协作能力、交流能力、沟通能力进行测度的理论依据；
（2）将人际信任、信息共享、制度信任纳入产业链信任治理的框架中进行研究，提出了技术董事协同能力通过技术研发者、领导、董事三种不同角色，对产业链人际信任、信息共享、制度信任的影响假设，并通过结构方程模型，分析不同层面间影响的路径，揭示各因素之间的深层关系及相互依赖性。
(3)采用数学建模的方法，将沉淀知识作为技术董事协同的能力效应，将产业链节点企业的个数作为上、中、下游企业的协同长度，将协同知识在产业链中的传递速度、长度、时间关联起来，知识在协同过程中有耗散、沉淀两部分构成，根据质量守恒定律，认为协同是连续的，从而架构起技术董事协同能力的产业链信任治理模型，得出了技术董事协同能力通过技术研发者角色发挥出来，形成产业链的信任关系、技术董事的协同能力通过领导角色发挥出来，形成产业链的信任关系、技术董事的协同能力通过董事角色发挥出来，形成产业链信任关系等三个命题，在此基础上架构了理论模型并研究了不同影响因素间的关系；
(4)用实证方法对技术董事协同能力的影响因素、技术董事的角色、产业链信任治理的要素及其它们之间的关系进行了检验，对调研的数据进行了统计性描述，采用因子分析和结构方程模型对调研数据进行分析，在分析中采用SPSSl7.0进行数据特征描述、测量模型的探索性因子分析；用AMOS7.0进行测量模型的检验性因子分析，并分析了模型的适配度。
(5)实证检验了各路径假设，揭示了技术董事协同能力、技术董事的三种角色、产业链信任要素、产业链信任治理间的关系，并对检验的结论进行了讨论。提出了技术董事运作机制、产业链人际信任机制、信息共享机制、制度信任机制、产业链信任机制，指出了研究的不足和进一步研究的方向。
In the background of the economic globalization,along with the adjustment ofindustry transfer, industry restructuring and the development of creative industry,theindustry chain is considered as a property of the new economic and socialdevelopment, relying on Enterprise Group to complete horizontal integration,longitudinal development alliance, as well as the internal derivative and externalmerger through the way of mergers, cooperation, holdings and so on, and forming aintegration of upstream、midstream and downstream, which is connected by enterprisechain, capital chain, supply chain, value chain, product chain, technology chain andinformation chain so as to integrate the different resources between the nodeenterprise, to realize the maximization of interests as the goal of industry chain formbetween node enterprise and to show its superiority in economic and socialdevelopment. During the foreign industry transfer, it could integrate the sameindustry chain of the upstream, midstream and downstream effectively,the coreenterprise takes part in the production of the upstream and midstream,and plays themain role of R&D technology and synergy other node enterprise modulardevelopment in the industry chain. However, In China,the technology industry chainof technologyled synergy research and development could not be compared with theforeign developed countries, the strength of China's natural monopoly industry isreinforcing so that it could get high profit and government subsidies, but weak in R&D technology and common on buy brain action;non-state-owned enterprises act as themain force of China's industry restructuring and progress, who developeindependently and achieve the industry's technology innovation, but short in industrychain, each node enterprise for array in the industry chain, lacking of trust anddifficult to achieve synergy. This study based on the technical leading industry chainin China, how to realize the synergy research about technology in industry chain as astarting point, with the core enterprise given priority and node enterprise forattached.This paper leaves the technical director of the synergy ability with an important position, researching from the relationship among the technical director,industry chain interpersonal trust, information sharing.
The main research contents and conclusions are as follow:(1) Througharrangement and analysis on the existing related theories and research viewpoints, wefound that the technical director is not only technology-orientation director, it’s anexecutive director who masters the role of technology, leadership and managingdirector, the synergy ability is the form of personal collaborative ability, mainlyeffected by the technical director of attitude,collaborative scope,reputation incentiveand collabor-ative management experience. Technical director synergy elementsmainly based on technical director's synergy ability,communication ability andcommunication ability.(2) By the study of the interpersonal trust, information sharingand system trust in the industry chain trust governance framework, putting forwardthe hypothesis that the technical director synergy ability has effect on industry chaininterpersonal trust, information sharing, the influence of the system trust through therole of technology developers, leadership and directors. By the structural equationmodel, this paper analyzes the influence of different aspects, revealling the profoundrelationship between various factors and mutual dependence.(3) the author uses themethod of mathematical modeling, making the precipitation knowledge as technicaldirector synergy ability effect, making the number of node enterprises as the length ofthe upstream, midstream and downstream of enterprise collaborative action, makingthe relations of speed, length, time in the process of collaborative knowledge in theindustry chain transmission. The process of knowledge collaborative has two parts:dissipated and precipitation. According to the law of conservation of mass, synergy iscontinuous, thus I architecture up the model of technical director synergy ability ofthe industry chain trust governance, it concludes three propositions: the role of thetechnical director synergy ability plays out through technology developers, whichform the industry chain of trust relationship; the role of the technical director synergyability plays out through the leadership, which form the industry chain of trustrelationship; the role of the technical director synergy ability plays out through thedirector, which form industry chain of trust relationship. Based on it, I architecturetheory model and study the different relationship between influencing factors.(4)This paper is an empirical study of the affecting factors of technical director of the synergyability, the role of technical director, the elements of industry chain trust governanceand the relationship between them, Given statistical description to survey data, usingfactor analysis and structural equation model to carry on the analysis of survey data,during the analysis, software SPSSl7.0is used to carry on statistical description andfactor analysis about the exploratory of measurement model, I use the software ofAMOS7.0to go on the factor analysis about the inspectability of measurement modeland analyze the fitness of the model.(5)The empirical test to each path hypothesis,this paper reveals the hypothesis’s conclusions on technical director synergy ability,three roles of technical director, elements of industry chain trust and industry chaintrust governance, while the conclusions of inspection are discussed. This paper putforward the operation mechanism of technical director, industry chain interpersonaltrust, information sharing, system trust and industry chain trust,and points out thelimit-ations of the study and the direction of further research.
引文
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