基于核心价值的交通基础设施项目社会影响后评价
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摘要
交通基础设施是城市经济和社会赖以存在和发展的重要载体,是决定城市社会进步与经济发展程度的重要基础条件之一。交通基础设施项目作为涉及公共利益的基础性公共投资项目,涉及对地方自然、生态、历史、文化、社会风俗等具有“公共产权”性质资源的重新调整和分配,对当地甚至更广泛区域的社会往往产生广泛的、重大的以及持续时间长的影响。交通基础设施项目作为公共品,其建设目的就是为了向整个城市提供社会化的服务,最大程度的满足社会文化、生活需要,满足社会成员的公共需要。交通基础设施项目的核心价值是“在通过利益相关者共同协商妥协来实现公平的前提下,以最佳的资源配置有效的满足项目利益相关者的需求”。基于交通基础设施项目核心价值的社会影响评价能够保障公共利益、促进社会公平、实现国民福利最大化,因此,基于交通基础设施项目的核心价值来探讨社会影响后评价是十分必要的。在对交通基础设施项目特征及其核心价值进行分析的基础上,通过影响力/利益相关度矩阵,识别出交通基础设施项目的核心利益相关者,并通过调查问卷分析确定核心利益相关者关键利益诉求,以此指导社会影响后评价体系的建立。
首先,通过对目前国内外社会影响后评价研究现状的分析,总结出目前社会影响后评价主要范式的特点和不足,在此基础上提出基于利益相关者理论的社会影响后评价。同时,通过交通基础设施项目的核心价值的分析,提出交通基础设施项目社会影响后评价必须关注弱势群体、受损群体、政府以及影响力小而利益相关度大的利益相关者的利益诉求。
其次,通过“专用性投资、承担项目建设与运营风险以及与项目建设与运营活动有关”的原则识别出交通基础设施项目的利益相关者,并根据交通基础设施项目的核心价值,通过影响力/利益相关度分析,识别出交通基础设施项目的核心利益相关者,及不同利益相关者重要程度的差异。
第三,基于交通基础设施项目社会影响后评价的内容和指标体系以及核心利益相关者的特征,归纳出利益相关者可能的利益诉求,据此来设置交通基础设施项目核心利益相关者利益诉求调查问卷。通过问卷调查,识别出交通基础设施项目核心利益相关者的关键利益诉求,在此基础上,构建交通基础设施项目社会影响后评价的内容和指标体系,并对各单项指标的含义进行阐述。
第四,由于基于交通基础设施项目核心价值的社会影响后评价的特殊性,选择主观赋权法和模糊综合评价法来构建交通基础设施项目社会影响后评价的综合评价模型,从而说明交通基础设施项目建设中应重点满足核心利益群体的哪些需求,以达到保障公共利益,促进社会公平,实现国民福利最大化的目的。
第五,运用所建的社会影响后评价指标体系及所选用的评价方法对DG市路桥项目进行实证应用。在对该项目进行社会影响分析的基础上,采用0-4打分法设置各指标的权重,利用模糊综合评价法对该项目进行评价,得到评价结论并提出相应的对策与建议。
Transport infrastructure is the important carrier of the city's economic and social being and development, is one of the important foundation conditions to determine the city's social progress and economic development level. As the basic public project involving public interests, transport infrastructure project involves in re-adjusting and re-allocating the public resources having“property”nature, such as the local natural, ecological, historical, cultural, social customs and so on, and has a broad, significant and long-time impact to the local community frequently, even a broader regional. As public project, transport infrastructure project is to provide social services for the city, to satisfy the needs of social culture and life to greatest degree, to meet the public needs of the society members. The core value of transport infrastructure project is“to achieve fairness by stakeholders’consulting and compromising, on this premise, to meet effectively stakeholders’demands by allocating resources best.”So, its main goal is to promote social justice, safeguard public interests and enhance social welfare. And to make the national welfare maximization, protect the public interests and promote social justice, it is necessary to assess social impact based on core value. Therefore, the paper will discuss social impact post-assessment of transport infrastructure project from the perspective of stakeholders. Basing on the feature and core value of the transport infrastructure project, use the influence / interest correlation matrix to identify core stakeholders of transport infrastructure project, and guide to establish social impact post-assessment index system of transport infrastructure project through identifying their key interests by questionnaire.
First of all, by analyzing the status quo of social impact post-assessment at home and abroad, to sum up characteristics and lack of principal normal form of current social impact post-assessment, and put forward social impact post-assessment based on stakeholder theory. At the same time, analyze the core value of transport infrastructure project; put forward interest groups should be concerned.
Secondly, according to the principle of recognition, identify the stakeholders of transport infrastructure project, and according to the core value of transport infrastructure project, use the influence / interest correlation matrix for further screening, identify core stakeholders of transport infrastructure project, and guide the weight assignment.
Third, based on contents and index system of social impact post-assessment of transport infrastructure project and the characteristics of core stakeholders, the paper generalize potential stakeholders’interests and set up the questionnaire of stakeholders’interests of transport infrastructure project. Through the questionnaire survey, identify the key interests of core stakeholders of transport infrastructure project. On this basis, the paper builds the contents and index system of assessment, and elaborates the meaning of every index.
Fourth, build the comprehensive evaluation model of social impact post-assessment based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation method, and show which needs of core interest groups should be meet first in the course of building, in order to protect the public interests, promote social equity, and realize the maximization of national welfare.
Fifth, the paper makes an applied research in road and bridge project of DG city according to the index system of impact post-assessment constructed and assessment methods selected. The paper analyzes the social impact of project, assigns weight of every index by 0-4 marking method, assesses project by Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation, gains conclusion of assessment and puts forward corresponding countermeasure and suggestion.
首先,通过对目前国内外社会影响后评价研究现状的分析,总结出目前社会影响后评价主要范式的特点和不足,在此基础上提出基于利益相关者理论的社会影响后评价。同时,通过交通基础设施项目的核心价值的分析,提出交通基础设施项目社会影响后评价必须关注弱势群体、受损群体、政府以及影响力小而利益相关度大的利益相关者的利益诉求。
其次,通过“专用性投资、承担项目建设与运营风险以及与项目建设与运营活动有关”的原则识别出交通基础设施项目的利益相关者,并根据交通基础设施项目的核心价值,通过影响力/利益相关度分析,识别出交通基础设施项目的核心利益相关者,及不同利益相关者重要程度的差异。
第三,基于交通基础设施项目社会影响后评价的内容和指标体系以及核心利益相关者的特征,归纳出利益相关者可能的利益诉求,据此来设置交通基础设施项目核心利益相关者利益诉求调查问卷。通过问卷调查,识别出交通基础设施项目核心利益相关者的关键利益诉求,在此基础上,构建交通基础设施项目社会影响后评价的内容和指标体系,并对各单项指标的含义进行阐述。
第四,由于基于交通基础设施项目核心价值的社会影响后评价的特殊性,选择主观赋权法和模糊综合评价法来构建交通基础设施项目社会影响后评价的综合评价模型,从而说明交通基础设施项目建设中应重点满足核心利益群体的哪些需求,以达到保障公共利益,促进社会公平,实现国民福利最大化的目的。
第五,运用所建的社会影响后评价指标体系及所选用的评价方法对DG市路桥项目进行实证应用。在对该项目进行社会影响分析的基础上,采用0-4打分法设置各指标的权重,利用模糊综合评价法对该项目进行评价,得到评价结论并提出相应的对策与建议。
Transport infrastructure is the important carrier of the city's economic and social being and development, is one of the important foundation conditions to determine the city's social progress and economic development level. As the basic public project involving public interests, transport infrastructure project involves in re-adjusting and re-allocating the public resources having“property”nature, such as the local natural, ecological, historical, cultural, social customs and so on, and has a broad, significant and long-time impact to the local community frequently, even a broader regional. As public project, transport infrastructure project is to provide social services for the city, to satisfy the needs of social culture and life to greatest degree, to meet the public needs of the society members. The core value of transport infrastructure project is“to achieve fairness by stakeholders’consulting and compromising, on this premise, to meet effectively stakeholders’demands by allocating resources best.”So, its main goal is to promote social justice, safeguard public interests and enhance social welfare. And to make the national welfare maximization, protect the public interests and promote social justice, it is necessary to assess social impact based on core value. Therefore, the paper will discuss social impact post-assessment of transport infrastructure project from the perspective of stakeholders. Basing on the feature and core value of the transport infrastructure project, use the influence / interest correlation matrix to identify core stakeholders of transport infrastructure project, and guide to establish social impact post-assessment index system of transport infrastructure project through identifying their key interests by questionnaire.
First of all, by analyzing the status quo of social impact post-assessment at home and abroad, to sum up characteristics and lack of principal normal form of current social impact post-assessment, and put forward social impact post-assessment based on stakeholder theory. At the same time, analyze the core value of transport infrastructure project; put forward interest groups should be concerned.
Secondly, according to the principle of recognition, identify the stakeholders of transport infrastructure project, and according to the core value of transport infrastructure project, use the influence / interest correlation matrix for further screening, identify core stakeholders of transport infrastructure project, and guide the weight assignment.
Third, based on contents and index system of social impact post-assessment of transport infrastructure project and the characteristics of core stakeholders, the paper generalize potential stakeholders’interests and set up the questionnaire of stakeholders’interests of transport infrastructure project. Through the questionnaire survey, identify the key interests of core stakeholders of transport infrastructure project. On this basis, the paper builds the contents and index system of assessment, and elaborates the meaning of every index.
Fourth, build the comprehensive evaluation model of social impact post-assessment based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation method, and show which needs of core interest groups should be meet first in the course of building, in order to protect the public interests, promote social equity, and realize the maximization of national welfare.
Fifth, the paper makes an applied research in road and bridge project of DG city according to the index system of impact post-assessment constructed and assessment methods selected. The paper analyzes the social impact of project, assigns weight of every index by 0-4 marking method, assesses project by Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation, gains conclusion of assessment and puts forward corresponding countermeasure and suggestion.
引文
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