外语焦虑与压力应对
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摘要
本研究是国家培养高层次学术人才“985公派研究生项目”的课题成果之一。
外语焦虑植根于临床心理研究,是在归纳外语学习者心理症状的基础之上形成的概念。但是长期以来,对外语焦虑的研究却呈现出语言学领域繁盛而心理学领域微弱的不均衡现象,研究结果更多服务于外语学习活动中教和学的环节,而很少能够为外语学习者构建有效的心理调节机制提供服务。
本研究从心理学视角出发,着眼于外语焦虑和压力应对现象,选取中国青年学习日语和日本青年学习汉语为对照组,探讨外语学习过程中所涉及的外语焦虑、外语学习动机、非意愿交流和压力应对四个心理变量之间的关系。研究共分为三个步骤,第一步,编制适用于本研究情境的问卷,并对其适切性进行检验,包括研究一和研究二；第二步,了解中日青年的外语焦虑特征、探讨外语焦虑及其相关心理变量之间的关系,包括研究三、研究四和研究五；第三步,依托质的研究深入细致的了解中日青年的外语焦虑、外语学习压力体验,以及压力应对策略,具体为第六部分质的研究。
研究结果表明：日本青年的汉语焦虑程度明显高于中国青年的日语焦虑程度。中国青年日语焦虑的性别差异主要表现为对日语课程形式与自我的态度焦虑,女性的焦虑程度明显高于男性；日本青年汉语焦虑的性别差异主要表现为汉语课堂情境焦虑,男性的焦虑程度明显高于女性。中日青年在外语压力的应对方式上有一定的差别,中国青年存在应对方式上的性别差异,日本青年不存在。已经学习外语时间的长、短,对中国青年的日语焦虑和压力应对不具有差异性影响,但是对日本青年的汉语焦虑和压力应对具有差异性影响,说明中国青年学习日语时的心理稳定性更强,而日本青年学习汉语时的心理稳定性相对较弱。非意愿交流和外语焦虑之间是相互影响的关系。外语学习动机和非意愿交流对外语焦虑具有一定的预测作用。外语焦虑和压力应对的相互影响关系在中国青年中不存在,但是在日本青年中存在。非意愿交流和外语焦虑对压力应对具有预测作用,这种预测作用主要体现在日本青年中,中国青年中只表现为非意愿交流对压力应对的预测。
研究的价值在于,提出了中日两国外语学习者各自所适用的心理调节策略,并为临床心理咨询工作中建构外语焦虑问题有效自我调节模式提供了重要的实证依据。
The dissertation is one of the achievements for State-Sponsored Scholarship Program for'985Project'. Foreign language anxiety rooted in clinical psychology research is the concept formed on the base of psychological symptoms of foreign language learners. But for a long time, the study of foreign language anxiety revealed an imbalance phenomenon of being lush in linguistics field and weak in the field of psychology. The study results were more used in the learning and teaching links of foreign language learning activities, and it is rarely able to provide services for foreign language learners constructing effective psychological adjustment mechanism.
This study, starting from a psychological perspective, focusing on foreign language anxiety and stress coping, selecting Chinese youth learning Japanese and Japanese youth learning Chinese as control group, discusses the relationship among foreign language anxiety, foreign language learning motivation, unwillingness to communicate and stress coping in the process of foreign language learning. Research is divided into three steps. For the first step, the questionnaire applied in the context of this study is prepared and tested, including study1and study2. For the second step, questionnaire survey method is used to understand characteristics of youth foreign language anxiety in China and Japan, as well as to discuss the relationship between foreign language anxiety and the related psychological variables, including study3, study4and study5. For the third step, qualitative study is used to understand deep and detail information on foreign language anxiety, foreign language learning stress, and coping strategies.
The results show that:Japanese youth's Chinese anxiety level was significantly higher than the Chinese youth's Japanese anxiety. Gender difference in performance of Chinese youth's Japanese anxiety was mainly showed as anxiety about the form of Japanese courses and self-attitude, female's anxiety level was significantly higher than male's anxiety level; Gender difference in performance of Japanese youth's Chinese anxiety was mainly showed as anxiety for the Chinese classroom situation, male's anxiety level was significantly higher than female's anxiety level. There are certain difference on the coping style of foreign language stress between Chinese youth and Japanese youth. There is gender difference on the coping style for Chinese youth, whereas for Japanese youth, there is no gender difference. There is certain difference on the coping style of foreign language stress between Chinese youth and Japanese youth. For Chinese youth, there is gender difference on the coping style, whereas for Japanese youth, there is no gender difference. The time length of having been learning foreign language has no significant impact on Japanese anxiety and stress coping style of Chinese youth, but it has significant impact on Chinese anxiety and stress coping style of Japanese youth, which indicates that the psychological stability of the Chinese youth to learn Japanese is stronger, while the psychological stability of the Japanese youth to learn Chinese is weaker. Unwillingness to communicate and foreign language anxiety interact with each other. Foreign language learnring motivation and Unwillingness to communicate have a certain role to predict foreign language anxiety. The interacting relationship of foreign language anxiety and stress coping does not exist in Chinese youth, but exists in Japanese youth. Unwillingness to communicate and foreign language anxiety can predict the stress coping, but this predicting role was only showed by Japanese youth, for Chinese youth, Stress coping can be predicted only by unwillingness to communicate.
The value of research lies in puting forward applicable psychological adjustment strategy for the foreign language learners of China and Japan respectively, and provides an important empirical basis for clinical counseling work in the construction of the effective self-regulation modelof foreign language anxiety.
外语焦虑植根于临床心理研究,是在归纳外语学习者心理症状的基础之上形成的概念。但是长期以来,对外语焦虑的研究却呈现出语言学领域繁盛而心理学领域微弱的不均衡现象,研究结果更多服务于外语学习活动中教和学的环节,而很少能够为外语学习者构建有效的心理调节机制提供服务。
本研究从心理学视角出发,着眼于外语焦虑和压力应对现象,选取中国青年学习日语和日本青年学习汉语为对照组,探讨外语学习过程中所涉及的外语焦虑、外语学习动机、非意愿交流和压力应对四个心理变量之间的关系。研究共分为三个步骤,第一步,编制适用于本研究情境的问卷,并对其适切性进行检验,包括研究一和研究二；第二步,了解中日青年的外语焦虑特征、探讨外语焦虑及其相关心理变量之间的关系,包括研究三、研究四和研究五；第三步,依托质的研究深入细致的了解中日青年的外语焦虑、外语学习压力体验,以及压力应对策略,具体为第六部分质的研究。
研究结果表明：日本青年的汉语焦虑程度明显高于中国青年的日语焦虑程度。中国青年日语焦虑的性别差异主要表现为对日语课程形式与自我的态度焦虑,女性的焦虑程度明显高于男性；日本青年汉语焦虑的性别差异主要表现为汉语课堂情境焦虑,男性的焦虑程度明显高于女性。中日青年在外语压力的应对方式上有一定的差别,中国青年存在应对方式上的性别差异,日本青年不存在。已经学习外语时间的长、短,对中国青年的日语焦虑和压力应对不具有差异性影响,但是对日本青年的汉语焦虑和压力应对具有差异性影响,说明中国青年学习日语时的心理稳定性更强,而日本青年学习汉语时的心理稳定性相对较弱。非意愿交流和外语焦虑之间是相互影响的关系。外语学习动机和非意愿交流对外语焦虑具有一定的预测作用。外语焦虑和压力应对的相互影响关系在中国青年中不存在,但是在日本青年中存在。非意愿交流和外语焦虑对压力应对具有预测作用,这种预测作用主要体现在日本青年中,中国青年中只表现为非意愿交流对压力应对的预测。
研究的价值在于,提出了中日两国外语学习者各自所适用的心理调节策略,并为临床心理咨询工作中建构外语焦虑问题有效自我调节模式提供了重要的实证依据。
The dissertation is one of the achievements for State-Sponsored Scholarship Program for'985Project'. Foreign language anxiety rooted in clinical psychology research is the concept formed on the base of psychological symptoms of foreign language learners. But for a long time, the study of foreign language anxiety revealed an imbalance phenomenon of being lush in linguistics field and weak in the field of psychology. The study results were more used in the learning and teaching links of foreign language learning activities, and it is rarely able to provide services for foreign language learners constructing effective psychological adjustment mechanism.
This study, starting from a psychological perspective, focusing on foreign language anxiety and stress coping, selecting Chinese youth learning Japanese and Japanese youth learning Chinese as control group, discusses the relationship among foreign language anxiety, foreign language learning motivation, unwillingness to communicate and stress coping in the process of foreign language learning. Research is divided into three steps. For the first step, the questionnaire applied in the context of this study is prepared and tested, including study1and study2. For the second step, questionnaire survey method is used to understand characteristics of youth foreign language anxiety in China and Japan, as well as to discuss the relationship between foreign language anxiety and the related psychological variables, including study3, study4and study5. For the third step, qualitative study is used to understand deep and detail information on foreign language anxiety, foreign language learning stress, and coping strategies.
The results show that:Japanese youth's Chinese anxiety level was significantly higher than the Chinese youth's Japanese anxiety. Gender difference in performance of Chinese youth's Japanese anxiety was mainly showed as anxiety about the form of Japanese courses and self-attitude, female's anxiety level was significantly higher than male's anxiety level; Gender difference in performance of Japanese youth's Chinese anxiety was mainly showed as anxiety for the Chinese classroom situation, male's anxiety level was significantly higher than female's anxiety level. There are certain difference on the coping style of foreign language stress between Chinese youth and Japanese youth. There is gender difference on the coping style for Chinese youth, whereas for Japanese youth, there is no gender difference. There is certain difference on the coping style of foreign language stress between Chinese youth and Japanese youth. For Chinese youth, there is gender difference on the coping style, whereas for Japanese youth, there is no gender difference. The time length of having been learning foreign language has no significant impact on Japanese anxiety and stress coping style of Chinese youth, but it has significant impact on Chinese anxiety and stress coping style of Japanese youth, which indicates that the psychological stability of the Chinese youth to learn Japanese is stronger, while the psychological stability of the Japanese youth to learn Chinese is weaker. Unwillingness to communicate and foreign language anxiety interact with each other. Foreign language learnring motivation and Unwillingness to communicate have a certain role to predict foreign language anxiety. The interacting relationship of foreign language anxiety and stress coping does not exist in Chinese youth, but exists in Japanese youth. Unwillingness to communicate and foreign language anxiety can predict the stress coping, but this predicting role was only showed by Japanese youth, for Chinese youth, Stress coping can be predicted only by unwillingness to communicate.
The value of research lies in puting forward applicable psychological adjustment strategy for the foreign language learners of China and Japan respectively, and provides an important empirical basis for clinical counseling work in the construction of the effective self-regulation modelof foreign language anxiety.
引文
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