互联网生产和消费三个模式的微观研究
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摘要
“每一代人都相信自己生活在巨大的变迁之中,我们这一代人也不例外”(Hutton and Giddens,2001)。从二十世纪90年代初互联网踏上商用的步伐之后一直到今天,现代信息与网络就成了推动当今世界变革的主要力量,人类开始宣称进入了“以知识和信息为基础的经济时代”(OECD,1996)。尽管有人把互联网当作“玩具”,然而,它的飞速发展的确已经深刻地影响了我们的社会系统和经济结构,同时也在重构全球生产和消费的空间结构形式。
本文即欲立足于生产和消费,围绕“信息经济价值”,紧扣互联网与信息之间的关系这条主线,对互联网生产和消费的基础理论模式、空间模式以及边缘模式进行微观经济理论分析。
论文主要采用微观经济学(尤其是新兴古典经济学)、博弈论、产业组织理论等分析工具,辅以新制度经济学交易费用理论、市场营销学、管理学等方面的理论来进行的。为便于解释各类现象,文中建立了一些相应的理论模型,但主体上还是以互联网的信息生产模型、新兴古典经济学的分析框架和博弈模型为主,并加以了适当的数学分析。
论文相应地分为三个部分。第一部分重点抓住了互联网信息生产过程的“两阶段特征”和低边际复制成本特性,构造了互联网生产的基本理论模型,对互联网信息产品的供求、经济剩余分配等进行了经济学分析,为进一步理解互联网信息生产和消费现象提供了理论基础。第二部分主要对互联网时代生产和消费的实体—虚拟空间现象进行了溯源性的揭示,并深入分析了实体—虚拟空间并行协调的动因、方式和作用。第三部分则从互联网的技术特征、发展进程以及空间属性出发,归纳出了互联网生产和消费的边缘性特征,借助互联网业务边缘进入的博弈模型以及数字鸿沟模型对互联网边缘模式带给生产和消费的影响进行了代表性的分析并给出了简短的政策建议。主要创新包括:
(1)放弃传统生产函数的绘制方法,创新性地构建了以“信息经济价值”为核心的互联网生产和消费的成本曲线模型,为理解互联网生产和消费现象并对其进行经济性分析提供了崭新的基础性框架和理论工具。
(2)从实体空间的嬗变—场所和规则的演化入手,溯源性地分析了实体—虚拟空间模式的形成过程,揭示了“虚拟空间”的经济本质是人类生产、消费的“关系空间”和“信息价值空间”。
(3)以分工和专业化为分析的逻辑起点,揭示了互联网生产消费空间模式的产生是分工深化的内在结果,实体—虚拟空间并行协调的本质内容是“专业化分工和信息化分工的并存”。通过对逻辑距离和绝对距离转化、市场厚度的穿越等协调方式的进一步分析和相关证明发现,实体一虚拟空间的并行协调,对于“寻找有效率的交易分层结构”、“发现有效率的市场结构和制度安排”、“优化资源配置”、“提高交易效率”等都具有明显的优势。
(4)提出了互联网生产和消费的边缘模式,借助博弈模型和数字鸿沟模型对其带给生产和消费领域的影响进行了代表性的分析。
"Each generation believes that they are living in rapid changes, so do we." (Hutton and Giddens, 2001) Since 1990s when Internet was applied in business at the first time, the modern information and network has been the main power to push forward revolutions nowadays. From then on, human beings have claimed to enter "a new economic era based on information and knowledge"(OECD, 1996). Although Internet is considered by someone as a toy, however, the rapid growth of the Internet has not only had strong impacts on our social system and economical structure, but also restructured the architecture of global production and consumption.
Based on the relation of production and consumption and focusing on the economic values of information, this dissertation follows the main clue of relation between Internet and information and makes a micro-analysis about the Internet's impact on production and consumption from three microcosmic aspects—the basic theoretical pattern, the space action pattern and the edge effect pattern.
This dissertation elaborates with microeconomics, especially the new classical microeconomics, game theory, industry organization theory, complementing with the theories of transaction cost of new institutional economics, marketing and management. In order to explain various kinds of phenomena, some corresponding theoretical models are created, mainly including the production model of Internet information, the new classical microeconomics model and game theory model, and necessary mathematics analysis are added.
This dissertation can be divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the feature of two phases and the character of low marginal replication cost in the production process of information, and constructs a new cost curve model to analyze the phenomena of Internet production and consumption, including the supply-demand analysis, the allotment of economic surplus of information products, which sets the foundation for the original theory in this paper and provides theoretical support to Internet production and consumption .The second part makes a clear and original explanation on the phenomenon of real-virtual space of production and consumption in Internet era, revealing the essence of virtual space—the information value space, as well as the intention, styles and impact of the parallel cooperative ways of real-virtual space on people's production and consumption activities. In the third part, with an introduction of the technical features, process of development and space property of the Internet, this dissertation firstly summarizes the edge features of Internet production and consumption, and then makes a typical analysis and points out the influence on production and consumption brought by the edge features of Internet through game theory model and digital divide model. Some brief policy suggestions are given, too.
The detailed innovative contributions of this dissertation are as follows:
(1) Focusing on the economic value of information but not following others' thought path, a basic theoretical model is put forward in a new way, which sets the foundation for the original theory in this paper and provides theoretical tools and a new framework for Internet production and consumption.
(2) Based on the transmutation of real space—the evolution between arenas and rulers, the economic essence of virtual space that is the "relation space" and "information value space" is revealed.
(3) Economic analyses are carried on the action pattern of Internet production and consumption—parallel coordination of real-virtual space. Through studying on two typical ways—conversion between logical distance and absolute distance, crossing the thickness of market, we make a further analysis on the necessity, rationality and validity of parallel coordination of real-virtual space.
(4) An edge impact pattern of Internet production and consumption is established and analyzed.
本文即欲立足于生产和消费,围绕“信息经济价值”,紧扣互联网与信息之间的关系这条主线,对互联网生产和消费的基础理论模式、空间模式以及边缘模式进行微观经济理论分析。
论文主要采用微观经济学(尤其是新兴古典经济学)、博弈论、产业组织理论等分析工具,辅以新制度经济学交易费用理论、市场营销学、管理学等方面的理论来进行的。为便于解释各类现象,文中建立了一些相应的理论模型,但主体上还是以互联网的信息生产模型、新兴古典经济学的分析框架和博弈模型为主,并加以了适当的数学分析。
论文相应地分为三个部分。第一部分重点抓住了互联网信息生产过程的“两阶段特征”和低边际复制成本特性,构造了互联网生产的基本理论模型,对互联网信息产品的供求、经济剩余分配等进行了经济学分析,为进一步理解互联网信息生产和消费现象提供了理论基础。第二部分主要对互联网时代生产和消费的实体—虚拟空间现象进行了溯源性的揭示,并深入分析了实体—虚拟空间并行协调的动因、方式和作用。第三部分则从互联网的技术特征、发展进程以及空间属性出发,归纳出了互联网生产和消费的边缘性特征,借助互联网业务边缘进入的博弈模型以及数字鸿沟模型对互联网边缘模式带给生产和消费的影响进行了代表性的分析并给出了简短的政策建议。主要创新包括:
(1)放弃传统生产函数的绘制方法,创新性地构建了以“信息经济价值”为核心的互联网生产和消费的成本曲线模型,为理解互联网生产和消费现象并对其进行经济性分析提供了崭新的基础性框架和理论工具。
(2)从实体空间的嬗变—场所和规则的演化入手,溯源性地分析了实体—虚拟空间模式的形成过程,揭示了“虚拟空间”的经济本质是人类生产、消费的“关系空间”和“信息价值空间”。
(3)以分工和专业化为分析的逻辑起点,揭示了互联网生产消费空间模式的产生是分工深化的内在结果,实体—虚拟空间并行协调的本质内容是“专业化分工和信息化分工的并存”。通过对逻辑距离和绝对距离转化、市场厚度的穿越等协调方式的进一步分析和相关证明发现,实体一虚拟空间的并行协调,对于“寻找有效率的交易分层结构”、“发现有效率的市场结构和制度安排”、“优化资源配置”、“提高交易效率”等都具有明显的优势。
(4)提出了互联网生产和消费的边缘模式,借助博弈模型和数字鸿沟模型对其带给生产和消费领域的影响进行了代表性的分析。
"Each generation believes that they are living in rapid changes, so do we." (Hutton and Giddens, 2001) Since 1990s when Internet was applied in business at the first time, the modern information and network has been the main power to push forward revolutions nowadays. From then on, human beings have claimed to enter "a new economic era based on information and knowledge"(OECD, 1996). Although Internet is considered by someone as a toy, however, the rapid growth of the Internet has not only had strong impacts on our social system and economical structure, but also restructured the architecture of global production and consumption.
Based on the relation of production and consumption and focusing on the economic values of information, this dissertation follows the main clue of relation between Internet and information and makes a micro-analysis about the Internet's impact on production and consumption from three microcosmic aspects—the basic theoretical pattern, the space action pattern and the edge effect pattern.
This dissertation elaborates with microeconomics, especially the new classical microeconomics, game theory, industry organization theory, complementing with the theories of transaction cost of new institutional economics, marketing and management. In order to explain various kinds of phenomena, some corresponding theoretical models are created, mainly including the production model of Internet information, the new classical microeconomics model and game theory model, and necessary mathematics analysis are added.
This dissertation can be divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the feature of two phases and the character of low marginal replication cost in the production process of information, and constructs a new cost curve model to analyze the phenomena of Internet production and consumption, including the supply-demand analysis, the allotment of economic surplus of information products, which sets the foundation for the original theory in this paper and provides theoretical support to Internet production and consumption .The second part makes a clear and original explanation on the phenomenon of real-virtual space of production and consumption in Internet era, revealing the essence of virtual space—the information value space, as well as the intention, styles and impact of the parallel cooperative ways of real-virtual space on people's production and consumption activities. In the third part, with an introduction of the technical features, process of development and space property of the Internet, this dissertation firstly summarizes the edge features of Internet production and consumption, and then makes a typical analysis and points out the influence on production and consumption brought by the edge features of Internet through game theory model and digital divide model. Some brief policy suggestions are given, too.
The detailed innovative contributions of this dissertation are as follows:
(1) Focusing on the economic value of information but not following others' thought path, a basic theoretical model is put forward in a new way, which sets the foundation for the original theory in this paper and provides theoretical tools and a new framework for Internet production and consumption.
(2) Based on the transmutation of real space—the evolution between arenas and rulers, the economic essence of virtual space that is the "relation space" and "information value space" is revealed.
(3) Economic analyses are carried on the action pattern of Internet production and consumption—parallel coordination of real-virtual space. Through studying on two typical ways—conversion between logical distance and absolute distance, crossing the thickness of market, we make a further analysis on the necessity, rationality and validity of parallel coordination of real-virtual space.
(4) An edge impact pattern of Internet production and consumption is established and analyzed.
引文
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