黄瓜的高效再生和根癌农杆菌介导的遗传转化
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摘要
黄瓜在我国蔬菜周年供应上占有重要地位,但易受多种病害而使产量降低,品质下降。传统的育种方法周期长,效率低,且黄瓜具有严重的有性杂交不亲和障碍,用传统的育种方法很难得到具有抗性的优良品种。
     本实验以S05,S06黄瓜子叶为外植体,利用农杆菌介导法将荧光素基因(luc)和ATT1基因(编码合成角质层所需的细胞色素P450氧化酶,使角质层增厚)导入黄瓜,建立了高效稳定的植株再生体系和遗传转化体系。探讨了影响遗传转化频率的主要因素,获得了阳性转基因植株。主要结果如下:
     1 诱导培养基内添加AgNO_3和ABA可使外植体直接再生出不定芽,提高了再生频率和每外植体再生芽数。筛选出的最佳诱导培养基分别为:
     S05 BA2.0mg/L+ABA1.0mg/L+AgNO_32.0mg/L,再生频率为81.6%;
     S06 BA1.5mg/L+ABA0.5mg/L+AgNO_32.0mg/L,再生频率为91.2%。
     2 头孢霉素促进芽的再生,而羧卞青霉素有抑制作用。抑菌抗生素选用Cef400mg/L。
     3 黄瓜遗传转化的最适宜条件S05:子叶预培养2d,侵染15min,共培养3d。S06:子叶预培养1d,侵染20min,共培养3d。
     4 转基因植株的检测 分别用特异引物对T_0代再生植株进行PCR检测,结果分别获得了20株S05和14株S06转Luc基因阳性植株,3株S05和6株S06转ATT1基因阳性植株。PCR检测结果可初步证明目的基因已整合到黄瓜基因组中。
Cucumber plays an important role in vegetable supply, but its quality and agricultural yield tends to be reduced constantly by various plant diseases. Traditional method of breeding has many disadvantages, such as long period, low efficiency, and cucumber exists serious hamper of sexual hybridization. So it is difficult to obtain the superior cultivar with high resistance.
    This study used cotyledons of S05, S06 as explants, established a highly efficient regeneration system of cucumber, then introduced luc gene and ATT1 gene into cucumber through Agrobacterium mediation. The ATT1 gene encodes a cytochrome P450 oxidase required for biosynthesis. It enhances the cutin so it will increase the risistance to diseases. The factors influencing regeneration rate and transformation rate were discussed.
    The results were summarized as follows:
    1 Add AgNO3 and ABA to the inducing medium, the explants can regenerate adventitious shoots. By this means, improve the regeneration rate and No.of shoots per explant. To S05, the best inducing medium is MS+BA2.0mg L-1+ABA1.0mg L-1'+AgNO32.0mg L-1; To S06, MS+BA1.5mg L-1+ABA0.5mg L-1+AgNO32.0mg L-1 is the best. The regeneration rate are 81.6% and 91.2% respectively.
    2 Cefotaxime promotes shoot organogenesis, but carbenicillin prevents inversely. So we use 400 mg L-1 Cefotaxime to eliminate Agrobacterium.
    3 The optimum procedure in cucumber transformation as follows S05:The cotyledons were precultured for 2 days, infected 15 min, co-cultivated for 3 days in inducing medium. S06: The cotyledons were precultured for 1 day, infected 20 min, co-cultivated for 3 days in inducing medium.
    4 Detection of transforming regenerated cucumber We used PCR to detect the transforming plantlets. 20 plants of S05 and 14 plants of S06 were positive with luc
    
    
    
    gene; 3 plants of S05 and 5 plants of S06 were positive with ATT1 gene. The results of PCR demonstrated the integration of target gene into cucumber genome primarily.
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