某部新兵疲劳调查及氨基酸维生素对军事作业疲劳的预防作用
摘要
疲劳是一种生理心理现象,是机体脑力与体力活动过度,精神刺激或过多,做某种单调活动所致。它可分为体力疲劳、脑力疲劳两类。造成机体疲劳的原因是多方面的。在军事训练中,由于劳动强度大、时间长,肌肉持久重复的收缩,能量消耗大,是产生体力疲劳的主要原因；注意力高度集中,精神紧张,致使训练能力减退,训练成绩下降是脑力疲劳的主要表现；部队在恶劣的野外条件下训练或作战中易发生疲劳。
战场环境极端恶劣,高度紧张、激烈的军事作业,使部队官兵承受巨大的体力负荷和心理负荷,极易出现疲劳、反应迟钝,并进而降低战斗力。现代战争的强度越来越大,对军人心理状态产生的影响也越来越深。现代化的武器和军事装备可以保障战事在任何气候条件下、在一天中的任何时间(无论昼夜)打响,使士兵时刻处于精神紧张状态,加之缺乏休息和睡眠,对军人的影响非常强烈。以保持和提高战时人员在高技术条件下的局部战争中的作战能力,已成为各国军队战时保障的重要任务。
部队是一个特殊的群体,作业环境大部分比较艰苦,尤其是寒冷地区,湿热地区,高原地区的部队和新兵部队的作业环境更加残酷,这种恶劣的自然环境增加了军事作业人员的氨基酸和维生素的消耗。
氨基酸是构成生物体蛋白质并同生命活动有关的最基本的物质,是在生物体内构成蛋白质分子的基本单位,与生物的生命活动有着密切的关系。它在人体内具有特殊的生理功能,是人体内不可缺少的营养成分。作为构成蛋白质分子的基本单位的氨基酸,无疑是构成人体最基本的物质之一。氨基酸在人体中的存在,不仅提供了合成蛋白质的重要原料,而且对于促进生长,进行正常代谢、维持生命提供了物质基础。维生素是维持人体生命活动必需的一类有机物质,也是保持人体健康的重要活性物质。维生素在体内的含量很少,但在人体生长、代谢、发育过程中却发挥着重要的作用。已知许多维生素是酶或辅酶的组成成份,当机体缺乏某种维生素时,就可能发生代谢障碍,影响生物体的生理功能,甚至导致疾病。
目前,对不同军兵种基层指战员的疲劳状况尚未全面了解,缺乏简便有效的军事作业相关疲劳自测与检测手段。缺乏能全面满足延缓体力型疲劳产品,促进体力型疲劳消除的产品。建立简便易行的疲劳自测与监测量表,对部队指战员疲劳状况进行抽样调查,并通过应用抗疲劳产品的干预,对提高指战员体能、提高部队战斗力具有重要意义。
本研究通过量表调查与药物干预性研究的方法,通过血清生化,酶显色法、免疫抑制法、免疫比浊法等方法研究军事作业疲劳的评定指标。结合本项目配备的复方氨基酸维生素制剂(万和和安和万和威力特),研究其抗疲劳的作用及对提高军事作业能力的协同作用,研究其增强士兵免疫力的作用。研究分二个部分进行：
第一部分
疲劳状况的调查
目的：通过对某部队新兵进行问卷调查,了解部队新兵的疲劳状况,为部队新兵训练提供参考依据,同时也为全军军事作业疲劳预防提供参考依据。
方法：通过整群抽样方法对所有符合标准的某团新兵500人进行问卷调查,调查量表共21项条目,包括心理疲劳和躯体疲劳内容,条目评分分五个等级。调查方式采用量表自评的方式,数据采用双份录入,进行逻辑与计算检查核对后,然后核对后,进行统计学分析。
结果：轻度疲劳发生率为51.0%,中度疲劳发生率为4.6%,重度疲劳发生率为0%,所调查士兵平均分值为23.55分。21项症状中总分排前3名的分别为“肌肉总感到无力”(875分),“需要更频繁或更长时间的休息”(820分),“对长时间保持体力有困难”(808分)。
结论：新兵疲劳发生率占总人数的一半以上,其原因主要由于新兵角色和环境的改变,工作和训练量骤增所造成。分值最高的3项症状均为躯体性疲劳症状,心理疲劳现象较躯体疲劳现象发生少,未发生重度疲劳现象,说明部队开展新兵入伍心理教育和疲劳、应激预防意义重大。
第二部分
氨基酸维生素制剂对军事疲劳预防和快速恢复的作用
目的：通过氨基酸维生素制剂在军事训练与作业条件下的应用,评估其对部队官兵作业能力的改善作用和对抗疲劳的作用,为部队提供有效的抗疲劳产品,进一步提高部队的战斗力。
方法：随机抽选符合纳入标准的新兵150人,并随机分为3组,每组50人,分别给予复方氨基酸胶囊、安慰剂胶囊和氨基酸粉服用14天,通过比较服用前后的军事训练指标和血生化免疫等指标,并进行统计学分析,观察其对军事疲劳的改善作用。
结果：复方氨基酸胶囊和氨基酸粉对主观量表反应上方差分析分值有明显的降低(P<0.05),对提高军事训练耐力(三千米跑和持续手握力)上有明显效果(P<0.05),对暴发力(100米跑、最大手握力、摸高)有所提高(P<0.05),对生化指标(肌酐、尿素氮、乳酸、血红蛋白)均有明显的降低(P<0.05),对心肌酶(AST、HBDH、CKMB、LDH、CK)有明显的降低(P<0.05)。另外,复方氨基酸胶囊能有效地改善人体的免疫功能,提高IgG、IgM、C3、C4,从而提高机体的抵抗力。结论：氨基酸维生素制剂能够对军事作业疲劳起到一定的缓解作用和预防作用,提高军事训练能力,对提高部队战斗力有重大积极意义。
Fatigue is a physiological and psychological phenomenon. It is caused by excessive mental and physical activities, lots of mental stimulations, and too much monotonous actions. Fatigue can be divided into two categories,including physical fatigue and mental fatigue. The reasons which induce fatigue of the body are multifaceted. In military training, because of labor intensity, long period and lasting and repetitive muscle contractions exhausting energy and strength,fatigue happens. Which is the main reason about physical fatigue. The highly concentrated attention and mental stress can cause mental fatigue, which mainly perform in decreased training capacity and training achievement. Generally, army forces soldiers are prone to fatigue in the harsh field conditions, training or operations.
In battlefield environment, extremely mental intensity and compelling military operations make the members in troops are under enormous physical and mental loads, prone to fatigue and unresponsive actions. Thus, the combat effectiveness is reduced. Increasing the intensity of modern warfare impact the military members'state of mind more and more deeply. Modern weapons and military equipments is to safeguard the war in any weather conditions and at any time of day (day or night) started, so that the spirit of the soldier in a moment of tension, combined with a lack of rest and sleep and a very strong impact in the military battle. In order to maintain and improve combat capability of the war-time personnel in high-tech local wars under all kind of conditions,the safeguard mission has become the important task of the armed forces in wartime.
A military unit is a special group of people. Their operating environment is more difficult than citizens, particularly in cold areas, hot and humid regions, highland and recruits'districts, Where operating environment is more cruel and harsh. The poorer natural environments increase consumption of amino acids and vitamins in military personnel.
Amino acids are basic substances, because amino acids compose the proteins of organisms which have something to do with the life activities.In other words, amino acid is the basic unit of protein in the biological body and closely decide the biological activities of life. It has a specific physiological functions in the human body, being indispensable to nutrients of the human body. Amino acid, the basic unit of protein molecule, is undoubtedly one of the most basic material that constitutes the human body.
The presence of amino acids in the human body, not only provides an important raw material of protein synthesis, but also for the promotion of growth and normal metabolism, provides a material basis for life-sustaining. Vitamins are a class of organic substances that must be essential to maintain life activity of human. Vitamins are also important active substances to keep human health. The body only contains small amounts of vitamins, but in the human body growth, metabolism and development process, it has played an important role. Many vitamins are known to be the compositions of enzymes or coenzymes. When the body lacks certain vitamins, the metabolic disorder may occur, affecting the physiological functions of organisms, and even leading to disease.
At present, the state of fatigue about the officers and soldiers in armed forces is not yet fully understood. The lack of simple and effective investigation of fatigue related to military operations is a greatly important problem, and self-test and detection methods are also at absence. Furthermore, the armed forces can not fully meet the physical absence of slow fatigue-type products and physical-type fatigue eliminated products. The establishment of simple questionnaire about self-test and monitoring of fatigue scale.In order to improve officers'and soldiers'physical fitness and improve the combating effectiveness, a sample survey about fatigue and application of the intervention of anti-fatigue products must be conducted. The great significance is just so obvious.
The methodology includes scale investigation and intervention of products by staff research in this study, through the serum biochemistry, enzyme chromogenic method, immunosuppression, immune turbidimetry method,for assessing indicators of fatigue of military operations. Using a compound of amino acids of vitamin preparations (Wan-he He An and Wan-he Wei Li Te), we study their anti-fatigue effects and improving the synergy of military operational capability,and examine their roles in enhancing the soldiers' immunity. The whole design are divided into two parts described as follows:
Part one
Fatigue Investigation
Objective:To conduct a questionnaire survey in recruits of an army and understand the fatigue state of recruits, provide reference basis for the armed forces in military operations for training recruits, and provide a reference basis for the prevention of fatigue.
Methods:The cluster sampling method for all sub-standard 500 recruits in a regiment was developed. We conducted a questionnaire survey to investigate recruits by the scale of 21 items, which included varied contents about mental fatigue and physical fatigue. The scale was divided into five grades. Data were collected through self-assessment from the survey and were then input, checked and statistically analyzed.
Results:The incidence of mild fatigue was 51.0%, and moderate incidence was 4.6%, severe fatigue, incidence of 0%. Soldiers were under investigation by an average score of 23.55 points. The top three of 21 symptoms by total score, were respectively for the 'always feel muscle is powerless," (875 points), "need more frequent and more prolonged rest" (820 points), "be difficult to maintain physical strength For a long time",(808 points).
Conclusion:The incidence of recruits'fatigue accounted for more than half of the total number, mainly due to the changes of work role and environment about the new recruits in the troop, and training volume surge caused the accident. Three symptoms'score of physical fatigue were the highest, showing that physical fatigue was more than mental fatigue and the phenomenon of severe fatigue did not occur. Which indicated that it was a great significance that armed forces to develop psychological education and prevention of fatigue and stress for the enlist recruits.
Part two
The role of amino acids and vitamins preventing and
rapidly recovering military fatigue
Objective:Vitamins and amino acids were used in military training and operations under the conditions of application, in order to assess their impact on the operational capability of the troops and improve the anti-fatigue role,and to provide an effective anti-fatigue product for armed forces, and further raise the army's combat effectiveness.
Methods:To randomly select the 150 recruits meeting the inclusion criteria, we randomly divided the recruits into three groups, which respectively were given compound amino acid capsules, placebo capsules and amino acid powder for 14 days, by comparing before and after taking the products and the military training,and blood biochemical indicators and immunization indicators. After statistically analyzing, we observed their role of improvement for military fatigue.
Results:The compound capsule of amino acids and amino acid powder could make the subjective scale scores significantly lower(P<0.05), improve military training in endurance, such as 3000-meter run and sustained grip-strength, with the significant effects (P<0.05),improve outbreak power,such as 100-meter run, maximum grip-strength, and Mogao (P<0.05), decrease biochemical indicators including creatinine, urea nitrogen, lactic acid and hemoglobin (P<0.05), and decrease the enzymes including AST, HBDH, CKMB, LDH, and CK are significantly lower (P<0.05). In addition, compound amino acid capsules can improve the body's immune function, and increase IgG, IgM, C3 and C4, which enhance the body's resistance.
Conclusion:The amino acids and vitamins could play a certain role in mitigating and preventing fatigue caused by military operations, improve military training capabilities, and improve the combat effectiveness of armed forces.
战场环境极端恶劣,高度紧张、激烈的军事作业,使部队官兵承受巨大的体力负荷和心理负荷,极易出现疲劳、反应迟钝,并进而降低战斗力。现代战争的强度越来越大,对军人心理状态产生的影响也越来越深。现代化的武器和军事装备可以保障战事在任何气候条件下、在一天中的任何时间(无论昼夜)打响,使士兵时刻处于精神紧张状态,加之缺乏休息和睡眠,对军人的影响非常强烈。以保持和提高战时人员在高技术条件下的局部战争中的作战能力,已成为各国军队战时保障的重要任务。
部队是一个特殊的群体,作业环境大部分比较艰苦,尤其是寒冷地区,湿热地区,高原地区的部队和新兵部队的作业环境更加残酷,这种恶劣的自然环境增加了军事作业人员的氨基酸和维生素的消耗。
氨基酸是构成生物体蛋白质并同生命活动有关的最基本的物质,是在生物体内构成蛋白质分子的基本单位,与生物的生命活动有着密切的关系。它在人体内具有特殊的生理功能,是人体内不可缺少的营养成分。作为构成蛋白质分子的基本单位的氨基酸,无疑是构成人体最基本的物质之一。氨基酸在人体中的存在,不仅提供了合成蛋白质的重要原料,而且对于促进生长,进行正常代谢、维持生命提供了物质基础。维生素是维持人体生命活动必需的一类有机物质,也是保持人体健康的重要活性物质。维生素在体内的含量很少,但在人体生长、代谢、发育过程中却发挥着重要的作用。已知许多维生素是酶或辅酶的组成成份,当机体缺乏某种维生素时,就可能发生代谢障碍,影响生物体的生理功能,甚至导致疾病。
目前,对不同军兵种基层指战员的疲劳状况尚未全面了解,缺乏简便有效的军事作业相关疲劳自测与检测手段。缺乏能全面满足延缓体力型疲劳产品,促进体力型疲劳消除的产品。建立简便易行的疲劳自测与监测量表,对部队指战员疲劳状况进行抽样调查,并通过应用抗疲劳产品的干预,对提高指战员体能、提高部队战斗力具有重要意义。
本研究通过量表调查与药物干预性研究的方法,通过血清生化,酶显色法、免疫抑制法、免疫比浊法等方法研究军事作业疲劳的评定指标。结合本项目配备的复方氨基酸维生素制剂(万和和安和万和威力特),研究其抗疲劳的作用及对提高军事作业能力的协同作用,研究其增强士兵免疫力的作用。研究分二个部分进行：
第一部分
疲劳状况的调查
目的：通过对某部队新兵进行问卷调查,了解部队新兵的疲劳状况,为部队新兵训练提供参考依据,同时也为全军军事作业疲劳预防提供参考依据。
方法：通过整群抽样方法对所有符合标准的某团新兵500人进行问卷调查,调查量表共21项条目,包括心理疲劳和躯体疲劳内容,条目评分分五个等级。调查方式采用量表自评的方式,数据采用双份录入,进行逻辑与计算检查核对后,然后核对后,进行统计学分析。
结果：轻度疲劳发生率为51.0%,中度疲劳发生率为4.6%,重度疲劳发生率为0%,所调查士兵平均分值为23.55分。21项症状中总分排前3名的分别为“肌肉总感到无力”(875分),“需要更频繁或更长时间的休息”(820分),“对长时间保持体力有困难”(808分)。
结论：新兵疲劳发生率占总人数的一半以上,其原因主要由于新兵角色和环境的改变,工作和训练量骤增所造成。分值最高的3项症状均为躯体性疲劳症状,心理疲劳现象较躯体疲劳现象发生少,未发生重度疲劳现象,说明部队开展新兵入伍心理教育和疲劳、应激预防意义重大。
第二部分
氨基酸维生素制剂对军事疲劳预防和快速恢复的作用
目的：通过氨基酸维生素制剂在军事训练与作业条件下的应用,评估其对部队官兵作业能力的改善作用和对抗疲劳的作用,为部队提供有效的抗疲劳产品,进一步提高部队的战斗力。
方法：随机抽选符合纳入标准的新兵150人,并随机分为3组,每组50人,分别给予复方氨基酸胶囊、安慰剂胶囊和氨基酸粉服用14天,通过比较服用前后的军事训练指标和血生化免疫等指标,并进行统计学分析,观察其对军事疲劳的改善作用。
结果：复方氨基酸胶囊和氨基酸粉对主观量表反应上方差分析分值有明显的降低(P<0.05),对提高军事训练耐力(三千米跑和持续手握力)上有明显效果(P<0.05),对暴发力(100米跑、最大手握力、摸高)有所提高(P<0.05),对生化指标(肌酐、尿素氮、乳酸、血红蛋白)均有明显的降低(P<0.05),对心肌酶(AST、HBDH、CKMB、LDH、CK)有明显的降低(P<0.05)。另外,复方氨基酸胶囊能有效地改善人体的免疫功能,提高IgG、IgM、C3、C4,从而提高机体的抵抗力。结论：氨基酸维生素制剂能够对军事作业疲劳起到一定的缓解作用和预防作用,提高军事训练能力,对提高部队战斗力有重大积极意义。
Fatigue is a physiological and psychological phenomenon. It is caused by excessive mental and physical activities, lots of mental stimulations, and too much monotonous actions. Fatigue can be divided into two categories,including physical fatigue and mental fatigue. The reasons which induce fatigue of the body are multifaceted. In military training, because of labor intensity, long period and lasting and repetitive muscle contractions exhausting energy and strength,fatigue happens. Which is the main reason about physical fatigue. The highly concentrated attention and mental stress can cause mental fatigue, which mainly perform in decreased training capacity and training achievement. Generally, army forces soldiers are prone to fatigue in the harsh field conditions, training or operations.
In battlefield environment, extremely mental intensity and compelling military operations make the members in troops are under enormous physical and mental loads, prone to fatigue and unresponsive actions. Thus, the combat effectiveness is reduced. Increasing the intensity of modern warfare impact the military members'state of mind more and more deeply. Modern weapons and military equipments is to safeguard the war in any weather conditions and at any time of day (day or night) started, so that the spirit of the soldier in a moment of tension, combined with a lack of rest and sleep and a very strong impact in the military battle. In order to maintain and improve combat capability of the war-time personnel in high-tech local wars under all kind of conditions,the safeguard mission has become the important task of the armed forces in wartime.
A military unit is a special group of people. Their operating environment is more difficult than citizens, particularly in cold areas, hot and humid regions, highland and recruits'districts, Where operating environment is more cruel and harsh. The poorer natural environments increase consumption of amino acids and vitamins in military personnel.
Amino acids are basic substances, because amino acids compose the proteins of organisms which have something to do with the life activities.In other words, amino acid is the basic unit of protein in the biological body and closely decide the biological activities of life. It has a specific physiological functions in the human body, being indispensable to nutrients of the human body. Amino acid, the basic unit of protein molecule, is undoubtedly one of the most basic material that constitutes the human body.
The presence of amino acids in the human body, not only provides an important raw material of protein synthesis, but also for the promotion of growth and normal metabolism, provides a material basis for life-sustaining. Vitamins are a class of organic substances that must be essential to maintain life activity of human. Vitamins are also important active substances to keep human health. The body only contains small amounts of vitamins, but in the human body growth, metabolism and development process, it has played an important role. Many vitamins are known to be the compositions of enzymes or coenzymes. When the body lacks certain vitamins, the metabolic disorder may occur, affecting the physiological functions of organisms, and even leading to disease.
At present, the state of fatigue about the officers and soldiers in armed forces is not yet fully understood. The lack of simple and effective investigation of fatigue related to military operations is a greatly important problem, and self-test and detection methods are also at absence. Furthermore, the armed forces can not fully meet the physical absence of slow fatigue-type products and physical-type fatigue eliminated products. The establishment of simple questionnaire about self-test and monitoring of fatigue scale.In order to improve officers'and soldiers'physical fitness and improve the combating effectiveness, a sample survey about fatigue and application of the intervention of anti-fatigue products must be conducted. The great significance is just so obvious.
The methodology includes scale investigation and intervention of products by staff research in this study, through the serum biochemistry, enzyme chromogenic method, immunosuppression, immune turbidimetry method,for assessing indicators of fatigue of military operations. Using a compound of amino acids of vitamin preparations (Wan-he He An and Wan-he Wei Li Te), we study their anti-fatigue effects and improving the synergy of military operational capability,and examine their roles in enhancing the soldiers' immunity. The whole design are divided into two parts described as follows:
Part one
Fatigue Investigation
Objective:To conduct a questionnaire survey in recruits of an army and understand the fatigue state of recruits, provide reference basis for the armed forces in military operations for training recruits, and provide a reference basis for the prevention of fatigue.
Methods:The cluster sampling method for all sub-standard 500 recruits in a regiment was developed. We conducted a questionnaire survey to investigate recruits by the scale of 21 items, which included varied contents about mental fatigue and physical fatigue. The scale was divided into five grades. Data were collected through self-assessment from the survey and were then input, checked and statistically analyzed.
Results:The incidence of mild fatigue was 51.0%, and moderate incidence was 4.6%, severe fatigue, incidence of 0%. Soldiers were under investigation by an average score of 23.55 points. The top three of 21 symptoms by total score, were respectively for the 'always feel muscle is powerless," (875 points), "need more frequent and more prolonged rest" (820 points), "be difficult to maintain physical strength For a long time",(808 points).
Conclusion:The incidence of recruits'fatigue accounted for more than half of the total number, mainly due to the changes of work role and environment about the new recruits in the troop, and training volume surge caused the accident. Three symptoms'score of physical fatigue were the highest, showing that physical fatigue was more than mental fatigue and the phenomenon of severe fatigue did not occur. Which indicated that it was a great significance that armed forces to develop psychological education and prevention of fatigue and stress for the enlist recruits.
Part two
The role of amino acids and vitamins preventing and
rapidly recovering military fatigue
Objective:Vitamins and amino acids were used in military training and operations under the conditions of application, in order to assess their impact on the operational capability of the troops and improve the anti-fatigue role,and to provide an effective anti-fatigue product for armed forces, and further raise the army's combat effectiveness.
Methods:To randomly select the 150 recruits meeting the inclusion criteria, we randomly divided the recruits into three groups, which respectively were given compound amino acid capsules, placebo capsules and amino acid powder for 14 days, by comparing before and after taking the products and the military training,and blood biochemical indicators and immunization indicators. After statistically analyzing, we observed their role of improvement for military fatigue.
Results:The compound capsule of amino acids and amino acid powder could make the subjective scale scores significantly lower(P<0.05), improve military training in endurance, such as 3000-meter run and sustained grip-strength, with the significant effects (P<0.05),improve outbreak power,such as 100-meter run, maximum grip-strength, and Mogao (P<0.05), decrease biochemical indicators including creatinine, urea nitrogen, lactic acid and hemoglobin (P<0.05), and decrease the enzymes including AST, HBDH, CKMB, LDH, and CK are significantly lower (P<0.05). In addition, compound amino acid capsules can improve the body's immune function, and increase IgG, IgM, C3 and C4, which enhance the body's resistance.
Conclusion:The amino acids and vitamins could play a certain role in mitigating and preventing fatigue caused by military operations, improve military training capabilities, and improve the combat effectiveness of armed forces.
引文
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[4]陈宁庆.军事预防医学[M].济南：济南出版社.2002,305-309
[5]Meijman TF.Schaufeli W.Psychische vermoeidheid en arbeid.Ontwikke-lingen in de A&O-psychologie [Mental fatigue and work. Developments in work and organizational sychology].De Psycholoog 1996;31:236-241.
[6]Thifault P,Bergeron J.Fatigue and individual differences in monotonous simulated driving. Pers Indiv Diff 2002;33:1-18
[7]Hadzi PD, Hickie IB, Wilson AJ, et al. Screening for prolonged fatigue syndromes:validation of the SOFA scale. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemi01.2000,35(10):471-479
[8]俞雯雯,谢海芳,蔡伯艳.心理疲劳的研究进展.精神医学杂志.2007,20(1)：58.60
[9]Wessely S.The epidemiology of chronic fatigue syndrome. Epidemiol Rev 1995;17 (1):139—151
[10]Brown ID. Driver fatigue. Human Factors 1994;36:298-314
[II]Kieman M, Civetta J, Bartus C, et al.24 hours on—call and acute fatigue no longer worsen resident mood under the 80-hour work week regulations. Curt Surg.2006,63(3):237—241.
[12]Bron, D. Fatigue and quality of life in cancer patients. Rev Med Brux.2002,23(4):294-298
[13]http://www. cdc. gov/efs
[14]王庆华,刘化侠,许红梅,等.慢性疲劳综合征诊断及预防.国外医学护理学分册。2005,24(7)：369.372
[15]袁苹.慢性疲劳综合征的心理影响因素.健康心理学杂志.2001,9(5)：375.376
[16]黄小波,李宗信,陈文强,等.慢性疲劳综合征患者疲劳程度与生活质量的相关性研究.中国行为医学科学.2006,15(8)：687-688
[17]姚韧敏,吴兆文,徐燕龄,等.针刺治疗香港地区慢性疲劳综合征的临床研究.中西医结合学报.2007,5(6)：630-633
[18]Lloyd A, Hickie I, Boughton CR, et al. The prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome in an Australian population. Med J Aust,1990,53(6):522—528
[19]沈建华,冯志颖.慢性疲劳综合征综合性治疗临床疗效观察.中国心理卫生杂志.2004,18(6)：437-438
[20]Jason LA,Taylor R, Wagner L et al. Estimating rates of chronic fatigue syndrome a community-based sample:a pilot study. Am J Community Psych01.1995,23(6):557-568
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[25]Wilhelm B, Wilhelm H, Ludtke H, et al. Pupillographic assessment of sleepiness in sleep-deprived healthy subjects. Sleep,1998,21(3):258·265
[26]How JM, Foo SC, Low E, et al. Effects of sleep deprivation on performance of naval seamen: Total sleep deprivation on performance. Annals Academy of Medicine,1994,23(5):669—675
[27]Fukuda K Straus SE, Hickie I, et al. The chronic fatigue syndrome:a comprehensive approach to its definition and study. International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group [J]. Ann Intern Med, 1994,121(12):953-959
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