篮球职业运动员运动创伤的防治研究
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摘要
目的
     通过前瞻性设计,统计了2006-2007全国CBA、WCBA联赛运动员的各种创伤患病率,探讨创伤病因,分析不同治疗创伤的方法和疗效,并提出预防措施,为积极有效地做好篮球运动员运动损伤的防治工作,减少运动损伤发生率,为CBA、WCBA联赛提供指导性依据。
     材料与方法
     选择2006-2007赛季全国CBA、WCBA联赛运动员为研究对象,男女篮共367名运动员进行了运动创伤流行病学调查,其中男性211名,女性156名。在联赛开始前与各队队医制定研究协议,说明研究意义,制定检查流程、诊断标准、数据记录方式。设计《2006-2007年全国男女篮职业联赛运动员伤病调查表》,并记录损伤后的治疗策略,统计治疗效果。
     结果
     在6个月的赛程中,367名男女运动员发生运动损伤者267名,共384人次,患病率72.75%,其中男性74.41%,女性70.51%。共查出85种运动损伤,腰肌损伤占第一位(为12.30%),踝关节韧带损伤占第二位(9.42%),膝关节内外半月板损伤占第三位(8.64%)。创伤以23-26岁为高发年龄段,创伤项目主要为比赛中(占53.9%),受伤地点以赛场为主(占55.8%),、比赛中以误伤为主(占20.94%)、训练中以训练量大受伤为主(占9.16%),受伤的身体因素主要是疲劳(占19.90%),受伤与精神心理因素的关系主要为急躁(占5.50%),损伤性质主要为急性损伤(占35.08%)。共治疗712人次,以非手术治疗为主,主要包括推拿按摩、针灸、电针、拔罐、冷热、中药、局封疗法等。整体治疗效果以手法+电针+TDP联合治疗效果最佳。其中对腰肌损伤联合治疗有效率明显优于单纯手法治疗(有效率分别为94.7%,62.5%,p<0.05)。
     结论
     1、篮球运动员常见病、多发病的前三位是:腰肌损伤、患病率为(12.30%),第二位是踝关节韧带损伤,患病率为(9.42%),第三位是膝关节半月板损伤,患病率(8.64%)。
     2、篮球运动是剧烈对抗性集体项目,运动员运动损伤好发部位,膝部损伤为首位(占34.55%),第二位是腰部损伤(占21.2%),第三位是踝部损伤(占16.75%)。
     3、加强腰部、膝关节、踝关节的力量练习,以减少在剧烈比赛中损伤,同时在训练之后,要及时作整理活动,是解除机体疲劳手段之一。
     4、手法+电针+TDP对腰肌损伤疗效优于单纯手法治疗。但对于膝关节半月板损伤和踝关节韧带损伤采用手法+电针+TDP联合治疗与单纯手法治疗之间,疗效无明显差异。
     5、在训练中加强义务监督,预防运动损伤,有伤要及时治疗,并且要合理安排运动量,以减少运动损伤。
Objective
    Through forward-looking research, statistics have been done on the injury and disease rates of the athletes of National CBA and WCBA games during 2006-2007 and the traumatic etiology has been discussed. This paper has analyzed different methods for treatment and their efficacy, and afforded preventive measures to actively and effectively carry out the prevention work of basketball players' injury at games and reduce the incidence of game injuries, and provide guidance on the CBA and WCBA games.
    Materials and Methods
    Choosing 2006-2007 national CBA and WCBA game players as the research objects, epidemiological investigation of game injuries has been done on total of 367 men and women basket players, among which 211 are male and 156 female. Before the start of league games, research agreements have been prepared with team doctors, whereby the research significance is described, and inspection procedures, diagnostic criteria, and means of data records prepared. The "2006-2007 National Professional Men's and Women's Basketball Game Players Injury Questionnaires" is designed, with treatment strategy after injury and treatment effects recorded.
    Results
    In six months of games, 367 men and women players have incurred injuries, totaling384 person times at the average disease rate of 72.75%, 74.41% with men players and 70.51% with women players. There are 85 types of game injuries, with poses injury (Poses fasciitis) at the first place (12.30%), ankle ligament injury the second place (9.42%), and knee meniscus injury at the third place (8.64%). Trauma occurs at the peak age of 23-26, mainly occurred during the
    match (53.9%) mainly in the game field (55.8%). Accidental injuries are the main injuries during the match (20.94%), and the main injuries during exercise are those due to excessive training (9.16%). The physical factors of injuries are fatigue (19.90%), and the relationship between injuries and psychological factors is mainly related to impatience (5.50%) mainly in the nature of acute injuries (35.08%). Treatment reached 712 person times, which focused on non-physical treatment, mainly including massage, puncture, electrical puncture, cupping, cooling-heating therapy, traditional Chinese medicine, and partial sealing therapy. Generally, the best effects come from joint treatment of manual puncture+ electrical puncture+TDP. The effect of joint treatment on Psoas fasciitis is obviously better than any single treatment (the effectiveness of single treatment by manual puncture + electrical puncture + TDP is 94.7%,62.5% and p <0.05 respectively). Conclusions
    1. The first three usual diseases with basketball players are psoas injury at the occurrence rate of 12.30%, followed by ankle ligament injury at the occurrence rate of 9.42%, then by knee meniscus injury at the occurrence rate of 8.64%.
    2. The basketball game is a strong collectively competitive event, and the places of usual injuries of the players are knee (accounting for 34.55%), waist (accounting for 21.2%) and ankle (accounting for 16.75%).
    3. One of the means for alleviating the organic fatigue is to strengthening the power exercise on waist, knee and ankle joints, hence reducing the injury in intense match, and make timely adjustment upon exercise.
    4. The effects from joint treatment of manual puncture+electrical puncture +TDP is better than any single treatment with respect to Psoas fasciitis, while with respect to ankle ligament injury and knee meniscus injury, the effects of such joint treatment is of no obvious difference from that of a single treatment.
    5. In exercise, supervision shall be strengthened and preventive measures shall be adopted with players, injuries shall be timely treated with reasonable
    arrangement of exercise strength, hence reducing the injuries from exercises.
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