风电及抽水蓄能电站容量规划方法研究
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摘要
电力系统调峰矛盾日趋凸显给电力系统规划运行带来了一系列的问题,也使得将调峰能力纳入电力系统规划中统筹考虑成为必要,电力系统调峰裕度分析成为调峰规划的必要手段。在系统中抽水蓄能电站作为良好的调峰电源一直发挥着重要的作用,而近年来随着大规模风电容量接入系统也使得进一步挖掘系统调峰能力成为必要的研究课题。如何更好地引导系统中包括抽水蓄能电站在内的调峰电源的建设,增强电网的调峰能力,是提高系统调峰能力的重要举措；如何合理规划风电并网的容量,也关系到整个电力系统能否更好地发挥节能减排作用、提高可再生能源利用水平、以及使系统更优化运行的一系列问题。论文从调峰的角度出发,研究风电及抽水蓄能电站容量规划方法,围绕电力系统调峰裕度要求,建立规划模型对系统中抽水蓄能电站和风电场的最优装机容量问题进行研究。在当前我国电力系统调峰问题较为突出和风电大规模接入的大环境下,论文研究不仅具有学术价值,同时具有现实意义。
论文的主要研究工作和取得的创新成果如下：
结合当前出现调峰矛盾的电网的调峰特征,尤其是结合风电机组接入系统后“逆调峰”的具体表现,提出调峰裕度的概念。将系统调峰是否充裕体现为能否满足两个指标：调峰容量指标和系统综合爬坡率指标。同时针对两个指标,分别采用累积停运概率和最小剩余速度模型提出了相应的分析方法,此分析方法不仅能够体现系统对调峰容量的需求,也能够体现系统负荷需求的时序变化信息,并通过算例分析验证了模型和方法的适用性和有效性。
基于抽水蓄能电站具有更大调峰容量的特点,提出了系统调峰容量比的概念。将满足系统调峰容量比作为抽水蓄能电站调峰运行的约束之一,建立了以最小费用为目标的抽水蓄能电站规划方法。在求解算法上,提出了首先结合系统调峰运行要求研究系统运行机组配置方案,继而在符合系统运行条件的机组运行配置方案中考虑机组检修的影响以确定最终装机容量的求解方法,打破了以往规划方法中首先确定系统装机容量,再根据运行要求对系统装机容量进行修正的经典求解过程。针对抽水蓄能电站可能产生的静态效益,论文将抽水蓄能电站静态效益纳入规划模型中,并分析了其对规划结果产生的影响大小。通过某实际电力系统验证了所提规划模型和算法的有效性。
针对风电场接入对系统调峰能力的影响,分析了同一来风区域内单风电场和多风电场出力特性的区别。借助于所提出的风电场发电系数和弃风系数概念,研究风电场出力特性对系统调峰的影响,提出了基于系统调峰容量和调峰速度约束的风电装机最优容量规划方法。模型以使风电场净效益最大为目标,采用迭代方法进行求解,通过算例分析验证了算法的有效性,同时也验证了由于对调峰造成的影响不同,使得规划模型作用于单风电场和多风电场所形成的规划结果的不同。
考虑到大规模风电并网之后带来的调峰困难,提出了风电-抽水蓄能电站联合规划方法,该规划模型建立在满足系统调峰需求且不需要系统装设过多备用容量的条件之上,使系统尽可能多的接纳风电场发电量,达到风电场-抽水蓄能电站的综合经济效益最大的规划目的。该方法对目前风电-抽水蓄能电站联合规划时单纯以最优化系统运行方式为目标的规划方法进行了补充,能够在满足系统调峰优化运行条件下兼顾风电-抽水蓄能电站的综合经济效益。
可靠性评价不仅用于评估电力系统规划的效果,也可作为电力系统规划的约束而被采用到系统规划模型之中。针对当前广泛使用的等效电量函数法基础之上的电力系统随机生产模拟方法,论文针对抽水蓄能电站受资源条件限制从而发电量不能随意增大的实际,提出了离散电量函数法用于对电力系统的可靠性进行评估,不但保留了等效电量函数法全面涵盖机组运行状态的优点,也充分考虑到发电量受限机组的运行特点。当风电场接入电力系统或要考虑系统网络约束或输电系统故障对系统可靠性的影响时,提出了最小切负荷模型目标的蒙特卡洛模拟方法对系统可靠性进行评估,并通过IEEE30节点算例分析验证了所提模型和方法的有效性。
It brings not only a series problem on electric power system operation because of serious conflict on system peak load regulation, but also make it necessary to integrate peak load regulation into power system planning. It becomes a necessary method to analyze the peak load regulation capability when performing power system planning. Pumped storage station is widely regarded as a peak load regulation power source and it played an important role in system operation. In recent years, large capacity wind farm is integrated into network, which makes peak load regulation become a more serious problem. Many researches are developed on how to enlarge system peak load regulation capability. Piloting the construction of peak load regulation power source including pumped storage station has becoming an attractive research item as it could enhance system peak load regulation capability. How to planning wind farm capacity with reason is also become an important problem as it relevant to energy saves and reduce emission. It could make power system operated optimally. The paper focused on establish planning models on solve optimal installation capacity of pumped storage and wind farm considering system peak load regulation adequacy requirement. With system peak load regulation capability becomes less and less, and with more and more wind farm is integrated into power system, the paper takes on not only an important significance on academic value but also practical value.
Main research result and innovation achievements obtained in the paper will be showed below:
The paper proposed peak load regulation adequacy concept and developed research on it. The background of the concept proposed lies on serious system peak load regulation capability characteristics and incorporate of wind farm "reverse peak load regulation" after integrated power system. It use two index, one is peak load regulation capacity index and the other is system unite ramp rate. The cumulated stop operation probability and least remain speed model is used to analyze the two index respectively. The method could show two aspects information, one is system peak load regulation capacity requirement, the other is system load fluctuation rate information. An example is applied to prove the feasibility and effectivity of proposed model.
Pumped storage station has larger peak load regulation capacity, the value is twice of installation capacity. The paper proposed peak load regulation proportion concept and applied the concept in planning model which is used to solve optimal pumped storage station capacity. As one of the restraints, the operation of pumped storage station must satisfy the system peak load regulation proportion, and the minimum expense is used as the model target. Of the algorithm used in solving the model, first step of the algorithm is to obtain all the unit collocation scenario which satisfying system peak load regulation requirement, and then find the optimal capacity planning result while considering the unit overhaul influence among all unit collocation scenario. The algorithm is different from the regular algorithm which put the capacity determination the first thing and then revises the capacity planning result using operation restraints. The static benefit of pumped storage station is applied in model and research work is developed on the influence of this benefit on planning result. A simplified practical example is applied to prove the feasibility and effectivity of proposed model.
To the question of the influence extent on system peak load regulation capability, the paper analyzed output characteristic differences between single wind farm and regional wind farm. The paper proposed optimal capacity planning method which based on peak load regulation capacity and system unite ramp rate. While the model is proposed, the concept of generation coefficient and unacceptable wind coefficient is put forward, and the influence on system peak load regulation capability on it the wind farm output acted. The target of model is maximum benefit of wind farm and use iteration method to solve the model. An example is applied to prove the feasibility and effectivity of proposed model. The different planning result is validated on regional and single wind farm as their influences to system peak load regulation adequacy are different.
The paper proposed planning method on unity of wind farm and pumped storage considering the difficulty of system peak load regulation after large quantity capacity wind farm is integrated into system. The planning method is established on the basis of satisfying the peak load regulation requirement and no more reserve capacity is required. The target of the planning model is maximum unity benefit while considering the system better operation condition. The method could enlarge nowadays planning target that simplicity make optimization of system operation.
System reliability evaluation could used to investigate the effect of power system planning, and also is used as restraint of planning model, equivalent energy function is widely used in power system random production simulation. To the question of pumped storage station is hardly used in equivalent energy function as the energy it generated is confined because of limited resources, the paper proposed scatter energy function model to deal with pumped storage stationand other energy limitted unit. The method remanied the merit of equivalent energy function which included all-sidely operation statuses, and considering the characteristic of limited energy production. When transmission netwok restraints or outage of transmission line is considered, or large capacity wind farm integration is considered, equivalent energy function is hardly to used as the model too complexity to expressed using formula. The least load cutting model is proposed based on Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the reliability of the system. IEEE30bus example is applied to prove the feasibility of proposed method.
论文的主要研究工作和取得的创新成果如下：
结合当前出现调峰矛盾的电网的调峰特征,尤其是结合风电机组接入系统后“逆调峰”的具体表现,提出调峰裕度的概念。将系统调峰是否充裕体现为能否满足两个指标：调峰容量指标和系统综合爬坡率指标。同时针对两个指标,分别采用累积停运概率和最小剩余速度模型提出了相应的分析方法,此分析方法不仅能够体现系统对调峰容量的需求,也能够体现系统负荷需求的时序变化信息,并通过算例分析验证了模型和方法的适用性和有效性。
基于抽水蓄能电站具有更大调峰容量的特点,提出了系统调峰容量比的概念。将满足系统调峰容量比作为抽水蓄能电站调峰运行的约束之一,建立了以最小费用为目标的抽水蓄能电站规划方法。在求解算法上,提出了首先结合系统调峰运行要求研究系统运行机组配置方案,继而在符合系统运行条件的机组运行配置方案中考虑机组检修的影响以确定最终装机容量的求解方法,打破了以往规划方法中首先确定系统装机容量,再根据运行要求对系统装机容量进行修正的经典求解过程。针对抽水蓄能电站可能产生的静态效益,论文将抽水蓄能电站静态效益纳入规划模型中,并分析了其对规划结果产生的影响大小。通过某实际电力系统验证了所提规划模型和算法的有效性。
针对风电场接入对系统调峰能力的影响,分析了同一来风区域内单风电场和多风电场出力特性的区别。借助于所提出的风电场发电系数和弃风系数概念,研究风电场出力特性对系统调峰的影响,提出了基于系统调峰容量和调峰速度约束的风电装机最优容量规划方法。模型以使风电场净效益最大为目标,采用迭代方法进行求解,通过算例分析验证了算法的有效性,同时也验证了由于对调峰造成的影响不同,使得规划模型作用于单风电场和多风电场所形成的规划结果的不同。
考虑到大规模风电并网之后带来的调峰困难,提出了风电-抽水蓄能电站联合规划方法,该规划模型建立在满足系统调峰需求且不需要系统装设过多备用容量的条件之上,使系统尽可能多的接纳风电场发电量,达到风电场-抽水蓄能电站的综合经济效益最大的规划目的。该方法对目前风电-抽水蓄能电站联合规划时单纯以最优化系统运行方式为目标的规划方法进行了补充,能够在满足系统调峰优化运行条件下兼顾风电-抽水蓄能电站的综合经济效益。
可靠性评价不仅用于评估电力系统规划的效果,也可作为电力系统规划的约束而被采用到系统规划模型之中。针对当前广泛使用的等效电量函数法基础之上的电力系统随机生产模拟方法,论文针对抽水蓄能电站受资源条件限制从而发电量不能随意增大的实际,提出了离散电量函数法用于对电力系统的可靠性进行评估,不但保留了等效电量函数法全面涵盖机组运行状态的优点,也充分考虑到发电量受限机组的运行特点。当风电场接入电力系统或要考虑系统网络约束或输电系统故障对系统可靠性的影响时,提出了最小切负荷模型目标的蒙特卡洛模拟方法对系统可靠性进行评估,并通过IEEE30节点算例分析验证了所提模型和方法的有效性。
It brings not only a series problem on electric power system operation because of serious conflict on system peak load regulation, but also make it necessary to integrate peak load regulation into power system planning. It becomes a necessary method to analyze the peak load regulation capability when performing power system planning. Pumped storage station is widely regarded as a peak load regulation power source and it played an important role in system operation. In recent years, large capacity wind farm is integrated into network, which makes peak load regulation become a more serious problem. Many researches are developed on how to enlarge system peak load regulation capability. Piloting the construction of peak load regulation power source including pumped storage station has becoming an attractive research item as it could enhance system peak load regulation capability. How to planning wind farm capacity with reason is also become an important problem as it relevant to energy saves and reduce emission. It could make power system operated optimally. The paper focused on establish planning models on solve optimal installation capacity of pumped storage and wind farm considering system peak load regulation adequacy requirement. With system peak load regulation capability becomes less and less, and with more and more wind farm is integrated into power system, the paper takes on not only an important significance on academic value but also practical value.
Main research result and innovation achievements obtained in the paper will be showed below:
The paper proposed peak load regulation adequacy concept and developed research on it. The background of the concept proposed lies on serious system peak load regulation capability characteristics and incorporate of wind farm "reverse peak load regulation" after integrated power system. It use two index, one is peak load regulation capacity index and the other is system unite ramp rate. The cumulated stop operation probability and least remain speed model is used to analyze the two index respectively. The method could show two aspects information, one is system peak load regulation capacity requirement, the other is system load fluctuation rate information. An example is applied to prove the feasibility and effectivity of proposed model.
Pumped storage station has larger peak load regulation capacity, the value is twice of installation capacity. The paper proposed peak load regulation proportion concept and applied the concept in planning model which is used to solve optimal pumped storage station capacity. As one of the restraints, the operation of pumped storage station must satisfy the system peak load regulation proportion, and the minimum expense is used as the model target. Of the algorithm used in solving the model, first step of the algorithm is to obtain all the unit collocation scenario which satisfying system peak load regulation requirement, and then find the optimal capacity planning result while considering the unit overhaul influence among all unit collocation scenario. The algorithm is different from the regular algorithm which put the capacity determination the first thing and then revises the capacity planning result using operation restraints. The static benefit of pumped storage station is applied in model and research work is developed on the influence of this benefit on planning result. A simplified practical example is applied to prove the feasibility and effectivity of proposed model.
To the question of the influence extent on system peak load regulation capability, the paper analyzed output characteristic differences between single wind farm and regional wind farm. The paper proposed optimal capacity planning method which based on peak load regulation capacity and system unite ramp rate. While the model is proposed, the concept of generation coefficient and unacceptable wind coefficient is put forward, and the influence on system peak load regulation capability on it the wind farm output acted. The target of model is maximum benefit of wind farm and use iteration method to solve the model. An example is applied to prove the feasibility and effectivity of proposed model. The different planning result is validated on regional and single wind farm as their influences to system peak load regulation adequacy are different.
The paper proposed planning method on unity of wind farm and pumped storage considering the difficulty of system peak load regulation after large quantity capacity wind farm is integrated into system. The planning method is established on the basis of satisfying the peak load regulation requirement and no more reserve capacity is required. The target of the planning model is maximum unity benefit while considering the system better operation condition. The method could enlarge nowadays planning target that simplicity make optimization of system operation.
System reliability evaluation could used to investigate the effect of power system planning, and also is used as restraint of planning model, equivalent energy function is widely used in power system random production simulation. To the question of pumped storage station is hardly used in equivalent energy function as the energy it generated is confined because of limited resources, the paper proposed scatter energy function model to deal with pumped storage stationand other energy limitted unit. The method remanied the merit of equivalent energy function which included all-sidely operation statuses, and considering the characteristic of limited energy production. When transmission netwok restraints or outage of transmission line is considered, or large capacity wind farm integration is considered, equivalent energy function is hardly to used as the model too complexity to expressed using formula. The least load cutting model is proposed based on Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the reliability of the system. IEEE30bus example is applied to prove the feasibility of proposed method.
引文
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