收获时间、贮存时间及添加剂对玉米秸秆营养价值的影响
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摘要
本论文分三部分
第一部分:玉米秸秆在不同生育期营养成分的变化。结果表明:(1)、121天生育期后单株玉米秸秆的干物质和有机物量都不再增加;(2)、玉米秸秆粗蛋白、还原糖、钙和磷含量、产气量均随生育期的延长不断降低(L;P<0.01);(3)、而纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的含量则不断升高(L;P<0.01);(4)、叶片营养价值明显优于茎秆,但叶片占秸秆全株的比例随生育期逐渐降低(L;P<0.01)。从营养价值看,玉米秸秆收获越早越好。
第二部分:玉米秸秆在窖存期间营养成分的变化。结果表明:(1)、玉米秸秆在窖存期间,干物质含量在不断下降(L;P<0.01),而有机物、粗蛋白、纤维素、半纤维素和钙含量保存两周后则基本稳定;(2)、玉米秸秆的霉菌数在窖存头55天不断减少,之后则不断增加。本试验结果表明,长期窖存时,2周后玉米秸秆的营养价值基本稳定。
第三部分:不同添加剂对贮存玉米秸秆的营养成分的影响。结果表明:(1)、在玉米秸秆贮存中加入盐、尿素、甲醛、甲酸、丙酸或混合处理,都能提高发酵品质和营养价值,并且得到较高的干物质保留率(P<0.01);(2)、在0.3%处理组中,甲酸效果最好;在0.6%处理组中,丙酸效果最好。
Three experiments were included in this study.
Test 1:It studied on nutrient variation of different position on corn stalk during different period of duration.It indicated that dry matter and organics on single corn stalk no more increased on the 121st day period of duration.All the crude protein,reducing sugar,calcium,phosphonium and aerogenesis degraded uninterruptedly(L;P<0.01).Cellulose,hemicellulose kept on increasing(L;P<0.01).Blade nutritive value had an advantage to haulm,but the proportion of blade to total strain dissipate(L;P<0.01).The test results indicated that corn stalk harvest better at earlier complied with nutritive value.
Test 2:It studied on nutrient variation of different storages on corn stalk.It indicated that dry matter of corn stalk descend(L;P<0.01)during storage,while organics,crude protein,lignin,hemicellulose,cellulose kept steady within the latter two weeks.Mould of corn stalk reduced continuously in the anterior 55 days,and then increased later.In respect to nutritive value,it will keep steady two weeks later.
Test 3:It studied on nutrient variation of different additivess on corn stalk.It indicated that salt,urea,formaldehyde,formic acid,propanoic acid or mix processing of storage on corn stalk improved the fermentation quality and the nutritional value;and obtained the high dry material retention rat(eL;P<0.01).The formic acid effect was best in 0.3% treatment group;the propionic acid effect was best in 0.6% treatment group.
第一部分:玉米秸秆在不同生育期营养成分的变化。结果表明:(1)、121天生育期后单株玉米秸秆的干物质和有机物量都不再增加;(2)、玉米秸秆粗蛋白、还原糖、钙和磷含量、产气量均随生育期的延长不断降低(L;P<0.01);(3)、而纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的含量则不断升高(L;P<0.01);(4)、叶片营养价值明显优于茎秆,但叶片占秸秆全株的比例随生育期逐渐降低(L;P<0.01)。从营养价值看,玉米秸秆收获越早越好。
第二部分:玉米秸秆在窖存期间营养成分的变化。结果表明:(1)、玉米秸秆在窖存期间,干物质含量在不断下降(L;P<0.01),而有机物、粗蛋白、纤维素、半纤维素和钙含量保存两周后则基本稳定;(2)、玉米秸秆的霉菌数在窖存头55天不断减少,之后则不断增加。本试验结果表明,长期窖存时,2周后玉米秸秆的营养价值基本稳定。
第三部分:不同添加剂对贮存玉米秸秆的营养成分的影响。结果表明:(1)、在玉米秸秆贮存中加入盐、尿素、甲醛、甲酸、丙酸或混合处理,都能提高发酵品质和营养价值,并且得到较高的干物质保留率(P<0.01);(2)、在0.3%处理组中,甲酸效果最好;在0.6%处理组中,丙酸效果最好。
Three experiments were included in this study.
Test 1:It studied on nutrient variation of different position on corn stalk during different period of duration.It indicated that dry matter and organics on single corn stalk no more increased on the 121st day period of duration.All the crude protein,reducing sugar,calcium,phosphonium and aerogenesis degraded uninterruptedly(L;P<0.01).Cellulose,hemicellulose kept on increasing(L;P<0.01).Blade nutritive value had an advantage to haulm,but the proportion of blade to total strain dissipate(L;P<0.01).The test results indicated that corn stalk harvest better at earlier complied with nutritive value.
Test 2:It studied on nutrient variation of different storages on corn stalk.It indicated that dry matter of corn stalk descend(L;P<0.01)during storage,while organics,crude protein,lignin,hemicellulose,cellulose kept steady within the latter two weeks.Mould of corn stalk reduced continuously in the anterior 55 days,and then increased later.In respect to nutritive value,it will keep steady two weeks later.
Test 3:It studied on nutrient variation of different additivess on corn stalk.It indicated that salt,urea,formaldehyde,formic acid,propanoic acid or mix processing of storage on corn stalk improved the fermentation quality and the nutritional value;and obtained the high dry material retention rat(eL;P<0.01).The formic acid effect was best in 0.3% treatment group;the propionic acid effect was best in 0.6% treatment group.
引文
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[2] 陈喜斌,陈宏,丁斌鹰.霉变对豆粕营养价值的影响.中国粮油学报,2004,19(3):69～73
[3] 陈喜斌,丁斌鹰,陈宏.豆粕霉变过程中品质变化规律的研究.中国粮油学报,18(1):65～69
[4] 丁斌鹰.霉变豆粕氢氧化钾溶解度变化规律初探.粮食与饲料工业,2001,6:27～28
[5] 范华,董宽虎,裴彩霞.不同保存方法对玉米秸秆营养价值的影响.山西农业大学学报,2002,22(2):106～108
[6] 傅启高,雒秋江,用邻甲酚酞法测定饲料中钙含量的研究.动物营养学报,1996,8(3):25～29
[7] 郭庭双.秸秆畜牧业.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1999
[8] 郝玉兰,潘金豹,张秋芝,等.玉米穗位叶蛋白质含量等生理性状的变化研究.玉米科学,2002,10(4):32～34
[9] 金平.有机肥对水分胁迫下大豆几种生理指标和茎叶组织超微结构的影响.大豆科学,1997,16(1):78～82
[10] 李大鹏.添加剂对玉米秸秆青贮质量影响的研究,黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2002,14(4):65～68
[11] 李义海.酸类添加剂在饲料中的应用.饲料研究,1995,9:13～14
[12] 粮农组织.秸秆养畜一中国的经验.联合国粮食及农业组织交换材料,2002
[13] 刘 建新, 杨 振 海, 叶 均 安 , 等 . 青 贮 饲料 的 合 理 调 制 与 质 量 评 定 标 准 ( 续 ). 饲料 工业,1999,20(4):4～7
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