县级配电网节能降耗研究
|
摘要
当前我国处于重要的发展阶段,经济快速增长,人民生活水平稳步提高。但是就在20世纪最后20年,我国以能源消耗翻一番支持了经济翻两番。在这一轮以投资为主要拉力的经济增长期中,中国的能源消耗强度明显增长,能源弹性系数大幅提高。资源环境约束和经济快速增长的矛盾,已成为未来中国经济社会发展的严峻挑战,这个问题已经不容许全社会回避。因而从我国现实和长远利益考虑,提出了建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会的目标,具有明确的政策导向。对于我国以燃煤发电为主的电力行业来说,节能降耗工作显得尤为重要。
然而我国电网存在许多问题:其一,结构不合理、设备老化。如电网中中小型老旧高能耗变压器拥有量太大,缺乏调节能力,造成事故率高,损耗高;其二,电网运行管理落后,强调安全运行,忽视经济运行;其三,电网中超高压输电线路比重偏低,变电站布局不够合理,部分电网容载比不足;其四,同杆并架、串联电容补偿、紧凑型线路等先进技术应用面不广等问题的存在,致使线损和网损居高不下。由于以上诸多原因造成我国电网损耗过大,与世界主要工业国家相比存在较大的差距,因此,节能降耗在我国城乡电网中大有可为。
县级电网是我国城乡电网的重要组成部分,它兼有农村电网和城市电网的特点,因此,研究县级电网的降耗问题是有实际意义的。本文针对某县级配电网的实际情况,通过计算该地区10kV实际线路的潮流和网损,提出了线路无功补偿和优化方法,该方法对该地区整个配电网的节能降耗分析具有工程应用意义。
另一方面,变压器在配电网中数量众多,经济合理的变压器投运,对整个电网的安全可靠和经济运行意义重大。文中对变压器产品的发展情况做了介绍,从节能和电网运行可靠性提出了加速淘汰该地区老旧高耗能变压器。文中重点分析了合理选择变压器容量、根据电压调整变压器分接头等措施来实现提高变压器经济运行。
通过以上线路和变压器两个方面节能降损的重点分析,优化该县级配电网络,最终到达降低电力损耗,节约能源,保护环境的目的。
At present, China is in an important stage of development, rapid economic growth and people's living standards have improved steadily. But in the last 20 years of the 20th century, China's energy consumption double that support the economic to quadruple. In this period of investment as the main force of economic growth, China's energy consumption significantly increased, and the elasticity coefficient of energy substantial increase. Resources and environmental constraints and rapid economic growth are conflict. It has become China's future economic and social development challenges. The problem for the whole society is not allowed to evade. For our country's immediate and long-term interests, constructs a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, with a clear policy direction. As for the coal-based electrical industry, energy saving is particularly important.
But first, the structure of China's power grid and the equipment are all outdate, such as in the distribution network of power system, the old transformers with high energy consumption are too many, lack of control, and the accident rate is high and the high loss; Second, network operation and management get behind, emphasizing safe operation, ignored the operation of the economy. Third, the EHV transmission lines are underweight in network, the substation's layout is not reasonable enough, some network capacity-load ratio is inadequate. The series capacitor compensation, compact lines, and other advanced technology applications are lack. Causing the line loss and the network loss remained high. In short, our network loss is more than the world's major industrial countries'. China's energy consumption in urban and rural power network is promising.
The paper is based on the actual distribution network of a county-level region, by calculating the 10kV line's actual power flow and network loss, a line reactive compensation and optimization method are referred to. Thus enabling the lines operate economically and reliable. Energy conservation and reducing network loss was got at the same time. It offers engineering application for the whole distribution network's energy consumption.
Transformer is a large number of in the distribution network. Transformer operation economic has a significance for the distribution network. The products of transformer's development are introduced in the paper. The old transformers with high energy loss must eliminate from this region's power system. The paper focused on the rational choice of transformer capacity. According to the voltage standard, adjust transformer tap and other measures to achieve the transformer's economic operations.
Through analysis the two aspects of energy conservation and reducing network loss about the lines and the transformers, make the distribution network of county-level areas optimal, achieving lower power loss, energy conservation and protect the environment.
然而我国电网存在许多问题:其一,结构不合理、设备老化。如电网中中小型老旧高能耗变压器拥有量太大,缺乏调节能力,造成事故率高,损耗高;其二,电网运行管理落后,强调安全运行,忽视经济运行;其三,电网中超高压输电线路比重偏低,变电站布局不够合理,部分电网容载比不足;其四,同杆并架、串联电容补偿、紧凑型线路等先进技术应用面不广等问题的存在,致使线损和网损居高不下。由于以上诸多原因造成我国电网损耗过大,与世界主要工业国家相比存在较大的差距,因此,节能降耗在我国城乡电网中大有可为。
县级电网是我国城乡电网的重要组成部分,它兼有农村电网和城市电网的特点,因此,研究县级电网的降耗问题是有实际意义的。本文针对某县级配电网的实际情况,通过计算该地区10kV实际线路的潮流和网损,提出了线路无功补偿和优化方法,该方法对该地区整个配电网的节能降耗分析具有工程应用意义。
另一方面,变压器在配电网中数量众多,经济合理的变压器投运,对整个电网的安全可靠和经济运行意义重大。文中对变压器产品的发展情况做了介绍,从节能和电网运行可靠性提出了加速淘汰该地区老旧高耗能变压器。文中重点分析了合理选择变压器容量、根据电压调整变压器分接头等措施来实现提高变压器经济运行。
通过以上线路和变压器两个方面节能降损的重点分析,优化该县级配电网络,最终到达降低电力损耗,节约能源,保护环境的目的。
At present, China is in an important stage of development, rapid economic growth and people's living standards have improved steadily. But in the last 20 years of the 20th century, China's energy consumption double that support the economic to quadruple. In this period of investment as the main force of economic growth, China's energy consumption significantly increased, and the elasticity coefficient of energy substantial increase. Resources and environmental constraints and rapid economic growth are conflict. It has become China's future economic and social development challenges. The problem for the whole society is not allowed to evade. For our country's immediate and long-term interests, constructs a resource-saving and environment-friendly society, with a clear policy direction. As for the coal-based electrical industry, energy saving is particularly important.
But first, the structure of China's power grid and the equipment are all outdate, such as in the distribution network of power system, the old transformers with high energy consumption are too many, lack of control, and the accident rate is high and the high loss; Second, network operation and management get behind, emphasizing safe operation, ignored the operation of the economy. Third, the EHV transmission lines are underweight in network, the substation's layout is not reasonable enough, some network capacity-load ratio is inadequate. The series capacitor compensation, compact lines, and other advanced technology applications are lack. Causing the line loss and the network loss remained high. In short, our network loss is more than the world's major industrial countries'. China's energy consumption in urban and rural power network is promising.
The paper is based on the actual distribution network of a county-level region, by calculating the 10kV line's actual power flow and network loss, a line reactive compensation and optimization method are referred to. Thus enabling the lines operate economically and reliable. Energy conservation and reducing network loss was got at the same time. It offers engineering application for the whole distribution network's energy consumption.
Transformer is a large number of in the distribution network. Transformer operation economic has a significance for the distribution network. The products of transformer's development are introduced in the paper. The old transformers with high energy loss must eliminate from this region's power system. The paper focused on the rational choice of transformer capacity. According to the voltage standard, adjust transformer tap and other measures to achieve the transformer's economic operations.
Through analysis the two aspects of energy conservation and reducing network loss about the lines and the transformers, make the distribution network of county-level areas optimal, achieving lower power loss, energy conservation and protect the environment.
引文
[1]米建华.“十一五”电力能效影响因素分析.中国电力企业管理,2004.6
[2]曹萍.要重视电力行业的节能降耗.发展论坛,2006.4
[3]张莲莲.节能降耗与电力工业可持续发展.中国能源,2005.7
[4]魏力军.中国潜在的能源危机与电力需求侧管理.发电设备,2006.6
[5]张安华.中国电力工业节能降耗影响因素分析.电力需求侧管理,2006.11
[6]房维中.我国能源和环境的严峻形势.中国能源,2006.4
[7]张粒子.配电网潮流计算及网损分析与管理软件的设计[硕士学位论文].华北电力大学,2005.1
[8]车仁飞.配电网潮流计算及重构算法的研究[博士学位论文].山东大学,2003.10
[9]刘乾,低压电网无功补偿研究及实现[硕士学位论文].南京理工大学,2003.1
[10]吴凯.配电网无功优化的方法综述.江苏电机工程,2002.8
[11]王晓风.结合遗传算法的配电网无功补偿[硕士学位论文].西安理工大学,2005.10
[12]宋丽群,魏晓峰,任水华,王凤鸣.配电网多目标无功优化方法研究与应用.南京工程学院学报.(自然科学版)2005.10
[13]Billinton,R.;Sachdeva,S.S.;Real and Reactive Power Optimization by Suboptimum Techniques,IEEE Transaction on Power Apparatus and Systems.Volume PAS-92,Issue 3,May 1973 Page(s):950-956
[14]李文沅.电力系统安全经济运行-模型与方法.重庆:重庆大学出版社,1988.1
[15]Monticelli A;LIU Wen-hsuing E,Adaptive movement penalty method for the newton optimal power flow.IEEE Trans.on Power System,1992.7(1):334-340
[16]Grudinin.N,Reactive power optimization using successive quadratic programming method,IEEE Trans on Power System,Volume 13,Issue 4,Nov.1998 Page(s):1219-1225
[17]Zhongxu Li;Jiachuan Shi;Yutian Liu,Distributed reactive power optimization and programming for area power system,Power System Technology,2004,2004 International Conference on,Volume 2,21-24 Nov.2004 Page(s):1447-1450
[18]Jiang C.;Wang C.,Improved evolutionary programming with dynamic mutation and metropolis criteria for multi-objective reactive power optimization,Generation,Transmission and Distribution,IEE Procceedings.Volume 152,Issue 2,March 2005 Page(s):291-294
[19]Junmin Zhang;Tinghua Huang;Honggang Zhang,The Reactive Power Optimization of Distribution Network Based on an Improved Genetic Algorithm,Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition,Asia and Pacific,2005 IEEE/PES,2005 Page(s):1-4
[20]Youman Deng;Xiaojuan Ren;Changcheng Zhao;Dapu Zhao,A heuristic and algorithmic combined approach for reactive power optimization with time-varying load demand in distribution systems,IEEE Trans on Power System,Volume 17,Issue 4,Nov.2002Page(s):1068-1072
[21]Mingbo Liu;Tso,S.K.;Ying Cheng;An extended nonlinear primal-dual interior-point algorithm for reactive-power optimization of large-scale power systems with discrete control variables,IEEE Trans on Power System,Volume 17,Issue 4,Nov.2002 Page(s):982-991
[22]Deeb,N.;Shahidehpour,S.M.;Linear reactive power optimization in a large power network using the decomposition approach,IEEE Trans on Power System,Volume 5,Issue 2,May 1990Page(s):428-438
[23]Wen Zhang;Yutian Liu;Reactive power optimization based on PSO in a practical power system,Power Engineering Society General Meeting,2004.IEEE,6-10 June 2004 Page(s):239-243
[24]Renjun Zhou;Hui Zhou;Xianzhong Duan;Voltage-reactive power integrated optimization considering operational cost and equipment endurance,Electrical and Computer Engineering,2004.Canadian Conference on.Volume 2,2-5 May 2004 Page(s):1077-1080
[25]王凤英.配电系统无功补偿方式的分析与比较.内蒙古电力技术,2006
[26]张勇军,任霞,廖美英等.10kV长线路杆上无功优化补偿.中国电力,2000.9
[27]陈衍.电力系统稳态分析.北京:水利水电出版社,1995
[28]刘建强.配电系统无功补偿技术方案比较.广东电力,2003
[29]孙洪波.电力网络规划.重庆:重庆大学出版社,1996.8
[30]房金兰.我国电力电容器技术现状及发展趋势.电力电容器,2004.1
[31]李可.电力变压器的节能降耗.油气田地面工程,2006.7
[32]凌均淑.电力变压器经济运行探讨.东北电力技术,2005.1
[33]张君平,牛成.电力变压器的节能.林业机械与木工设备,2000.4
[34]郑元宇.电力变压器的节能分析.技术咨询,2008.8
[35]江巨浪,朱成强.电力变压器的节能新趋势.安庆师范学院学院(自然科学版),2004.1
[36]Boudrias,J.-G.;Bannard,J.;Power factor correction and energy saving with proper transformer and phase shifting techniques,Industrial and Commercial Power Systems,2003.2003 IEEE Technical Conference,4-8 May 2003 Page(s):1-4
[37]Boudrias,J.-G.;Power factor correction and energy saving with proper transformer,phase shifting techniques and harmonic mitigation,Power Engineering,2004.LESCOPE-04.2004Large Engineering systems Conference on,28-30 July 2004 Page(s):98 -101
[38]Boudrias,J.-G.;Bannard,J.;Power factor correction and energy saving with proper transformer and phase shifting techniques,Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference,2002.Industry Applications Society 49th Annual,23-25 Sept.2002 Page(s):99-102
[39]Yupiny,Sun;Energy-saving unit in the wind-cooling system of the transformer,Industrial Electronics and Applications,2007.ICIEA 2007.2nd IEEE Conference on,23-25 May 2007Page(s):1962-1964
[40]王锡凡.现代电力系统分析.北京:科学出版社,2003
[41]王学生,梁中华.农村电网谐波污染现状及治理措施.电气开关,2006.12
[42]郑晓丹,罗云霞.农村地方电网谐波分析与治理.小水电站,2006.7
[43]柴宇,房俊龙,高延英.农村电网谐波分析及治理.农机化研究,2006.3
[44]孙睿峰,赵峻颖.农村配电网谐波问题的分析及抑制.农机化研究,2006.11
[45]王兆安,黄俊主编.电力电子技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[46]张立主编.现代电力电子技术基础.北京:高等教育出版社,2003
[2]曹萍.要重视电力行业的节能降耗.发展论坛,2006.4
[3]张莲莲.节能降耗与电力工业可持续发展.中国能源,2005.7
[4]魏力军.中国潜在的能源危机与电力需求侧管理.发电设备,2006.6
[5]张安华.中国电力工业节能降耗影响因素分析.电力需求侧管理,2006.11
[6]房维中.我国能源和环境的严峻形势.中国能源,2006.4
[7]张粒子.配电网潮流计算及网损分析与管理软件的设计[硕士学位论文].华北电力大学,2005.1
[8]车仁飞.配电网潮流计算及重构算法的研究[博士学位论文].山东大学,2003.10
[9]刘乾,低压电网无功补偿研究及实现[硕士学位论文].南京理工大学,2003.1
[10]吴凯.配电网无功优化的方法综述.江苏电机工程,2002.8
[11]王晓风.结合遗传算法的配电网无功补偿[硕士学位论文].西安理工大学,2005.10
[12]宋丽群,魏晓峰,任水华,王凤鸣.配电网多目标无功优化方法研究与应用.南京工程学院学报.(自然科学版)2005.10
[13]Billinton,R.;Sachdeva,S.S.;Real and Reactive Power Optimization by Suboptimum Techniques,IEEE Transaction on Power Apparatus and Systems.Volume PAS-92,Issue 3,May 1973 Page(s):950-956
[14]李文沅.电力系统安全经济运行-模型与方法.重庆:重庆大学出版社,1988.1
[15]Monticelli A;LIU Wen-hsuing E,Adaptive movement penalty method for the newton optimal power flow.IEEE Trans.on Power System,1992.7(1):334-340
[16]Grudinin.N,Reactive power optimization using successive quadratic programming method,IEEE Trans on Power System,Volume 13,Issue 4,Nov.1998 Page(s):1219-1225
[17]Zhongxu Li;Jiachuan Shi;Yutian Liu,Distributed reactive power optimization and programming for area power system,Power System Technology,2004,2004 International Conference on,Volume 2,21-24 Nov.2004 Page(s):1447-1450
[18]Jiang C.;Wang C.,Improved evolutionary programming with dynamic mutation and metropolis criteria for multi-objective reactive power optimization,Generation,Transmission and Distribution,IEE Procceedings.Volume 152,Issue 2,March 2005 Page(s):291-294
[19]Junmin Zhang;Tinghua Huang;Honggang Zhang,The Reactive Power Optimization of Distribution Network Based on an Improved Genetic Algorithm,Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition,Asia and Pacific,2005 IEEE/PES,2005 Page(s):1-4
[20]Youman Deng;Xiaojuan Ren;Changcheng Zhao;Dapu Zhao,A heuristic and algorithmic combined approach for reactive power optimization with time-varying load demand in distribution systems,IEEE Trans on Power System,Volume 17,Issue 4,Nov.2002Page(s):1068-1072
[21]Mingbo Liu;Tso,S.K.;Ying Cheng;An extended nonlinear primal-dual interior-point algorithm for reactive-power optimization of large-scale power systems with discrete control variables,IEEE Trans on Power System,Volume 17,Issue 4,Nov.2002 Page(s):982-991
[22]Deeb,N.;Shahidehpour,S.M.;Linear reactive power optimization in a large power network using the decomposition approach,IEEE Trans on Power System,Volume 5,Issue 2,May 1990Page(s):428-438
[23]Wen Zhang;Yutian Liu;Reactive power optimization based on PSO in a practical power system,Power Engineering Society General Meeting,2004.IEEE,6-10 June 2004 Page(s):239-243
[24]Renjun Zhou;Hui Zhou;Xianzhong Duan;Voltage-reactive power integrated optimization considering operational cost and equipment endurance,Electrical and Computer Engineering,2004.Canadian Conference on.Volume 2,2-5 May 2004 Page(s):1077-1080
[25]王凤英.配电系统无功补偿方式的分析与比较.内蒙古电力技术,2006
[26]张勇军,任霞,廖美英等.10kV长线路杆上无功优化补偿.中国电力,2000.9
[27]陈衍.电力系统稳态分析.北京:水利水电出版社,1995
[28]刘建强.配电系统无功补偿技术方案比较.广东电力,2003
[29]孙洪波.电力网络规划.重庆:重庆大学出版社,1996.8
[30]房金兰.我国电力电容器技术现状及发展趋势.电力电容器,2004.1
[31]李可.电力变压器的节能降耗.油气田地面工程,2006.7
[32]凌均淑.电力变压器经济运行探讨.东北电力技术,2005.1
[33]张君平,牛成.电力变压器的节能.林业机械与木工设备,2000.4
[34]郑元宇.电力变压器的节能分析.技术咨询,2008.8
[35]江巨浪,朱成强.电力变压器的节能新趋势.安庆师范学院学院(自然科学版),2004.1
[36]Boudrias,J.-G.;Bannard,J.;Power factor correction and energy saving with proper transformer and phase shifting techniques,Industrial and Commercial Power Systems,2003.2003 IEEE Technical Conference,4-8 May 2003 Page(s):1-4
[37]Boudrias,J.-G.;Power factor correction and energy saving with proper transformer,phase shifting techniques and harmonic mitigation,Power Engineering,2004.LESCOPE-04.2004Large Engineering systems Conference on,28-30 July 2004 Page(s):98 -101
[38]Boudrias,J.-G.;Bannard,J.;Power factor correction and energy saving with proper transformer and phase shifting techniques,Petroleum and Chemical Industry Conference,2002.Industry Applications Society 49th Annual,23-25 Sept.2002 Page(s):99-102
[39]Yupiny,Sun;Energy-saving unit in the wind-cooling system of the transformer,Industrial Electronics and Applications,2007.ICIEA 2007.2nd IEEE Conference on,23-25 May 2007Page(s):1962-1964
[40]王锡凡.现代电力系统分析.北京:科学出版社,2003
[41]王学生,梁中华.农村电网谐波污染现状及治理措施.电气开关,2006.12
[42]郑晓丹,罗云霞.农村地方电网谐波分析与治理.小水电站,2006.7
[43]柴宇,房俊龙,高延英.农村电网谐波分析及治理.农机化研究,2006.3
[44]孙睿峰,赵峻颖.农村配电网谐波问题的分析及抑制.农机化研究,2006.11
[45]王兆安,黄俊主编.电力电子技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[46]张立主编.现代电力电子技术基础.北京:高等教育出版社,2003