发动机循环变排量控制策略研究
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摘要
发动机负荷率的大小是影响汽车燃油经济性的重要因素。汽油机负荷特性表明,负荷率低时,燃油消耗率高;负荷率高时,燃油消耗率低。一般发动机的排量是按照汽车的最大负荷设计的,因此在多数行驶工况下发动机的负荷率都比较低。
本文采用“循环”、“交替”、“均匀”的停止喷油器工作的方法改变发动机的工作排量。使得大负荷时用大工作排量,小负荷时用小工作排量,这样既可以满足动力性要求,又可以提高燃油经济性。
首先,本文简要介绍了发动机循环变排量的基本原理和实现方法,然后分析了模糊推理与控制理论及其在变排量中的应用,同时给出了循环变排量的几种工作模式,并对小排量的工作模式进行了改进;其次,着重研究了循环变排量的控制策略,给出了输入参数的模糊化级别以及汽车行驶工况的判断方法。设计出了不同行驶工况下循环变排量的控制策略。同时用MATLAB建立了多输入单输出模型,模糊识别了发动机工作排量。最后,设计制作了基于PIC16F886单片机的循环变排量控制器,编写了包含控制策略的程序,使得控制器可以自动选择发动机排量。然后,进行实车道路试验。试验结果表明,安装控制器之后的捷达轿车可以根据行驶工况自动选择发动机工作排量,并能够起到节省燃油和减少排放的效果。
The engine load rate is an important factor of vehicle fuel economy. The load Characteristics of petrol engine indicate that when the load rate is lower, the fuel consumption rate is higher; on the contray, when the load rate is higher, the fuel consumption is lower. In generally, the engine power is desigened by the maximum load of vehicle, so the engine load rate is lower at most conditions.
In this paper, the engine’s work displacement is changed by stopping the injector’s work alternately, circulated and regularly. This makes that using high displacement when the load is big, low displacement when the load is small,so it can not only guarantees the power requirement, but also improves fuel economy.
Firstly, this paper introduces the basic theory and method of variable power displacement in circuitation(VPDC), analyzes fuzzy reasoning and control theory and its application on the VPDC. Also, it gives several work modes of VPDC and improves some small displacement’s work modes. Secondly, it puts emphasis on control stategy of VPDC, gives the fuzzy levels of input parameters, and designs the control strategies of VPDC under all kinds of driving conditions. In the meanwhile, the model of more inputs and one output has been given, also the engine power has been indentified fuzzily. Finally, the controller of VPDC based on PIC16F886 has been desigened, and the program which included control strategies has been writed. What’s more, the road tests have been done. The results prove that the controller which is fixed on the Jetta vehicle can choose the engine power according to the driving conditions automatically. Also the fuel consumption and discharge can be reduced.
本文采用“循环”、“交替”、“均匀”的停止喷油器工作的方法改变发动机的工作排量。使得大负荷时用大工作排量,小负荷时用小工作排量,这样既可以满足动力性要求,又可以提高燃油经济性。
首先,本文简要介绍了发动机循环变排量的基本原理和实现方法,然后分析了模糊推理与控制理论及其在变排量中的应用,同时给出了循环变排量的几种工作模式,并对小排量的工作模式进行了改进;其次,着重研究了循环变排量的控制策略,给出了输入参数的模糊化级别以及汽车行驶工况的判断方法。设计出了不同行驶工况下循环变排量的控制策略。同时用MATLAB建立了多输入单输出模型,模糊识别了发动机工作排量。最后,设计制作了基于PIC16F886单片机的循环变排量控制器,编写了包含控制策略的程序,使得控制器可以自动选择发动机排量。然后,进行实车道路试验。试验结果表明,安装控制器之后的捷达轿车可以根据行驶工况自动选择发动机工作排量,并能够起到节省燃油和减少排放的效果。
The engine load rate is an important factor of vehicle fuel economy. The load Characteristics of petrol engine indicate that when the load rate is lower, the fuel consumption rate is higher; on the contray, when the load rate is higher, the fuel consumption is lower. In generally, the engine power is desigened by the maximum load of vehicle, so the engine load rate is lower at most conditions.
In this paper, the engine’s work displacement is changed by stopping the injector’s work alternately, circulated and regularly. This makes that using high displacement when the load is big, low displacement when the load is small,so it can not only guarantees the power requirement, but also improves fuel economy.
Firstly, this paper introduces the basic theory and method of variable power displacement in circuitation(VPDC), analyzes fuzzy reasoning and control theory and its application on the VPDC. Also, it gives several work modes of VPDC and improves some small displacement’s work modes. Secondly, it puts emphasis on control stategy of VPDC, gives the fuzzy levels of input parameters, and designs the control strategies of VPDC under all kinds of driving conditions. In the meanwhile, the model of more inputs and one output has been given, also the engine power has been indentified fuzzily. Finally, the controller of VPDC based on PIC16F886 has been desigened, and the program which included control strategies has been writed. What’s more, the road tests have been done. The results prove that the controller which is fixed on the Jetta vehicle can choose the engine power according to the driving conditions automatically. Also the fuel consumption and discharge can be reduced.
引文
1 He Kebin.Oil Consumption and CO2 Emissions in China's Road Transport: Current Status, Future Trends, and Policy Implications.Energy Policy, 2005, (33): 1499-1507
2 Albertson W C, Grebe U D, Rayl A B,等.可变排量控制技术:利用关缸控制排量的未来车用汽油机.国外内燃机, 2008, (3): 22-23
3杨妙梁.可变排量发动机技术与停阀机构的发展动向(上).汽车与配件, 2003, (38): 33-36
4 Anon, Approach To Variable Displacement. Automotive Engineering. Automotive Engineering (Warrendale, Pennsylvania), v 85, n 5, May, 1977
5 Tojo, Kenji; Takao, Kunihiko; Ito, Masaru; Hayase, Isao; Takahashi, Yukio,Dynamic Behaviour of Variable Displacement Compressor for Automotive Air Conditioners SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) Transactions, v 99, n Sect 6, 1990
6 Michelini, John; Glugla, Chris, Control System Design for Steady State Operation and Mode Switching of an Engine with Cylinder Deactivation Proceedings of the American Control Conference, v 4, 2003
7 Shin, Kwang-Keun, Active Vibration Cntrol of Active Fuel Management Engines Using Active Engine Mounts,ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Proceedings, v 16, Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE 2007, 2008
8 Watanabe, Eiichi; Fukutani, Itaru Cylinder Cutoff Of 4-Stroke Cycle Engines At Part-Load And Idle. SAE Preprints, 1982
9 Loghavi, Mohammad; Wilkinson, Robert H. Eight-Cylinder Engine: A Respite For Four. Agricultural Engineering, v 58, n 6, Jun, 1977
10 Anon 3-stage i-VTEC engine AutoTechnology, n SPEC. ISS 2007
11张海涛.发动机停缸控制及其标定. [吉林大学工学硕士学位论文]. 2002: 14-22
12徐建祖.东风牌汽车停缸节油单片机控制试验研究.汽车技术, 1994, (3): 19-22
13韩宗奇.轿车发动机变工作排量技术与应用研究. [燕山大学工学博士论文].2009: 26-80
14 Arzanpour, S.; Golnaraghi, M.F. Developing of an active hydraulic bushing for multi-displacement engines American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Dynamic Systems and Control Division (Publication) DSC, Proceedings of 2006 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE2006 - Dynamic Systems and Control Division, 2006
15 Wong, V.W.; Stewart, M.; Lundholm, G.; Hoglund, A. Increased Power Density Via Variable Compression/Displacement and Turbocharging Using the Alvar-cycle Engine. SAE Special Publications, v 1346, Feb, 1998, 1998
16 Arzanpour, S.; Golnaraghi, M.F. A Novel Semi-active Magnetorheological Bushing Design for Variable Displacement Engines.2008 Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, v 19, n 9, September
17 Elkholy, A.H. Variable Displacement Mechanism for Internal Combustion Engines. Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering, v 18, n 4, 1994
18 Fukui, Toyoaki; Nakagami, Tatsuro; Endo, Hiroyasu; Katsumoto, Takehiko; Danno, Yoshiaki Mitsubishi Orion-MD - A New Variable Displacement Engine.1 SAE Technical Paper Series, 1983
19 Pouliot, H. N.; Delameter, W. R.; Robinson, C. W. Variable-Displacement Spark-Ignition Engine.19 SAE Preprints, n 770114, Feb 28--Mar 4, 77
20 Welsh HW; Riley CT ,Variable- Displacement Engine. An Advanced Concept Powerplant. SAE Pap 710830, 1971
21董辉.汽车用传感器.北京:北京理工大学出版社, 2007: 10-40
22樊留群,马玉敏,吴俞祥,等.汽车用传感器测试台的研制.机电一体化, 2007: 1-3
23胡兴军,子萌.国内外汽车传感器的发展.中国仪器仪表, 2004: 1-4
24余志生.汽车理论.北京:机械工业出版社, 2006: 2-31
25苏丹丹.捷达轿车行驶阻功率快速计算与行驶工况识别. [燕山大学工学硕士论文]. 2008: 36-39
26刘福才.非线性系统的模糊模型辨识及其应用.北京:国防工业出版社, 2006: 1-36
27杨财.汽车驱动防滑控制方法及动力学稳定性控制策略研究. [清华大学工学博士论文]. 2009: 40-67
28王玉海.拟人式自动变速系统控制方法研究与控制其开发. [清华大学工学博士论文]. 2005: 35-60
29李亮,宋健,韩宗奇,等.用于电子稳定程序(ESP)在线控制的液压模型和反模型.机械工程学报, 2008, 44(2): 139-144
30司利增.汽车计算机控制.北京:电子工业出版社, 2007: 48-76
31吴晓莉,林哲辉. MATLAB辅助模糊系统设计.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2002: 50-63
32赵化启,闫广明,孙小君.零基础学习PIC单片机.北京:机械工业出版社. 2010: 1-3
33李学海. PIC单片机实用教程—基础篇.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社. 2002: 9-10
34杨宁.单片机与控制技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2005: 1-14
35涂时亮,张友德.单片微机控制技术.上海:复旦大学出版社, 1994: 268-320
36史步海,彭均建.基于PIC单片机高速采样模块设计.计算技术与自动化, 2009: 1-5
37孙晓晔. PIC单片机与串行闪存的SPI接口技术.单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2010: 1-4
38彭为,黄科,雷道仲.单片机典型系统设计实例精讲.北京:电子工业出版社, 2006: 190-195
39席永国.用MAPLAB ICD2在线调试器调试数字信号控制器.现代企业教育, 2009: 1-2
40邸立明,韩宗奇,夏怀成,等.电控喷油器流量特性的仿真研究.汽车工程, 2009, 31(5): 451-456
41 Tyler. Vibration Reduction in a Variable Displacement Engine Using Pendulum Absorbers, 2003, 41(11): 98-105
42王玉海,宋健,李兴坤.基于模糊推理的驾驶员意图识别研究.公路交通科技, 2005, 22(12): 116 -121
43王玉海,宋健,李兴坤.驾驶员意图与行驶环境的统一识别及实时算法.机械工程学报, 2006, 42(4): 210-216
44 Ashley, Steven, Firing on Half-Cylinders ,Scientific American, v 291, n 6, December, 2004
45 Sherman, Don Cylinders Take a Snooze Automotive Industries AI, v 184, n 5, May, 2004
46 Kimberley, William Footprints for the Future,Automotive Engineer (London), v 29, n 2, February, 2004
47杨妙梁.可变排量发动机技术的发展.汽车与配件, 2008: 32-35
48何忠波,白鸿柏,孔庆春.基于驾驶员意图的AMT车辆控制研究.军械工程学院学报, 2005, (17): 24-28
49刘晗辉,金惟惟,靳东明.一种用于发动机怠速控制的模糊控制器.微电子学,2007, (2): 25-31
50 Zeng Ke, Liu Bing, Huang Zuohua. Design of Electronic Control Unit(ECU)for Gasoline Engines. Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering, 2005, 26(10): 27-31
51赵策伟. BJQ-Ⅲ微机自控汽车局部闭缸技术.节能技术, 1990, (5): 25-26
52杨胜兵.线控转向系统控制策略研究. [武汉理工大学工学博士论文]. 2008: 60-68
53杨洪敏,苏万华,汪洋,等.高压共轨式喷油器的无量纲几何参数对喷油规律和喷油特性一致性影响的研究.内燃机学报, 2000, 18(3): 244-249.
54肖琼,颜伏伍,邹华,等.电控喷油器流量特性试验台的开发与试验分析.中国机械工程, 2005, 16(16): 1419-1422
55李育学,张静秋,欧阳光耀.电控喷油器的优化设计.内燃机学报, 2006, 24(3):270-275
56谭德荣.小排量汽油机燃油喷射控制系统及其优化技术研究. [武汉理工大学工学博士论文]. 2006: 15-22
2 Albertson W C, Grebe U D, Rayl A B,等.可变排量控制技术:利用关缸控制排量的未来车用汽油机.国外内燃机, 2008, (3): 22-23
3杨妙梁.可变排量发动机技术与停阀机构的发展动向(上).汽车与配件, 2003, (38): 33-36
4 Anon, Approach To Variable Displacement. Automotive Engineering. Automotive Engineering (Warrendale, Pennsylvania), v 85, n 5, May, 1977
5 Tojo, Kenji; Takao, Kunihiko; Ito, Masaru; Hayase, Isao; Takahashi, Yukio,Dynamic Behaviour of Variable Displacement Compressor for Automotive Air Conditioners SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) Transactions, v 99, n Sect 6, 1990
6 Michelini, John; Glugla, Chris, Control System Design for Steady State Operation and Mode Switching of an Engine with Cylinder Deactivation Proceedings of the American Control Conference, v 4, 2003
7 Shin, Kwang-Keun, Active Vibration Cntrol of Active Fuel Management Engines Using Active Engine Mounts,ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Proceedings, v 16, Proceedings of the ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE 2007, 2008
8 Watanabe, Eiichi; Fukutani, Itaru Cylinder Cutoff Of 4-Stroke Cycle Engines At Part-Load And Idle. SAE Preprints, 1982
9 Loghavi, Mohammad; Wilkinson, Robert H. Eight-Cylinder Engine: A Respite For Four. Agricultural Engineering, v 58, n 6, Jun, 1977
10 Anon 3-stage i-VTEC engine AutoTechnology, n SPEC. ISS 2007
11张海涛.发动机停缸控制及其标定. [吉林大学工学硕士学位论文]. 2002: 14-22
12徐建祖.东风牌汽车停缸节油单片机控制试验研究.汽车技术, 1994, (3): 19-22
13韩宗奇.轿车发动机变工作排量技术与应用研究. [燕山大学工学博士论文].2009: 26-80
14 Arzanpour, S.; Golnaraghi, M.F. Developing of an active hydraulic bushing for multi-displacement engines American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Dynamic Systems and Control Division (Publication) DSC, Proceedings of 2006 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE2006 - Dynamic Systems and Control Division, 2006
15 Wong, V.W.; Stewart, M.; Lundholm, G.; Hoglund, A. Increased Power Density Via Variable Compression/Displacement and Turbocharging Using the Alvar-cycle Engine. SAE Special Publications, v 1346, Feb, 1998, 1998
16 Arzanpour, S.; Golnaraghi, M.F. A Novel Semi-active Magnetorheological Bushing Design for Variable Displacement Engines.2008 Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, v 19, n 9, September
17 Elkholy, A.H. Variable Displacement Mechanism for Internal Combustion Engines. Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering, v 18, n 4, 1994
18 Fukui, Toyoaki; Nakagami, Tatsuro; Endo, Hiroyasu; Katsumoto, Takehiko; Danno, Yoshiaki Mitsubishi Orion-MD - A New Variable Displacement Engine.1 SAE Technical Paper Series, 1983
19 Pouliot, H. N.; Delameter, W. R.; Robinson, C. W. Variable-Displacement Spark-Ignition Engine.19 SAE Preprints, n 770114, Feb 28--Mar 4, 77
20 Welsh HW; Riley CT ,Variable- Displacement Engine. An Advanced Concept Powerplant. SAE Pap 710830, 1971
21董辉.汽车用传感器.北京:北京理工大学出版社, 2007: 10-40
22樊留群,马玉敏,吴俞祥,等.汽车用传感器测试台的研制.机电一体化, 2007: 1-3
23胡兴军,子萌.国内外汽车传感器的发展.中国仪器仪表, 2004: 1-4
24余志生.汽车理论.北京:机械工业出版社, 2006: 2-31
25苏丹丹.捷达轿车行驶阻功率快速计算与行驶工况识别. [燕山大学工学硕士论文]. 2008: 36-39
26刘福才.非线性系统的模糊模型辨识及其应用.北京:国防工业出版社, 2006: 1-36
27杨财.汽车驱动防滑控制方法及动力学稳定性控制策略研究. [清华大学工学博士论文]. 2009: 40-67
28王玉海.拟人式自动变速系统控制方法研究与控制其开发. [清华大学工学博士论文]. 2005: 35-60
29李亮,宋健,韩宗奇,等.用于电子稳定程序(ESP)在线控制的液压模型和反模型.机械工程学报, 2008, 44(2): 139-144
30司利增.汽车计算机控制.北京:电子工业出版社, 2007: 48-76
31吴晓莉,林哲辉. MATLAB辅助模糊系统设计.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2002: 50-63
32赵化启,闫广明,孙小君.零基础学习PIC单片机.北京:机械工业出版社. 2010: 1-3
33李学海. PIC单片机实用教程—基础篇.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社. 2002: 9-10
34杨宁.单片机与控制技术.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2005: 1-14
35涂时亮,张友德.单片微机控制技术.上海:复旦大学出版社, 1994: 268-320
36史步海,彭均建.基于PIC单片机高速采样模块设计.计算技术与自动化, 2009: 1-5
37孙晓晔. PIC单片机与串行闪存的SPI接口技术.单片机与嵌入式系统应用, 2010: 1-4
38彭为,黄科,雷道仲.单片机典型系统设计实例精讲.北京:电子工业出版社, 2006: 190-195
39席永国.用MAPLAB ICD2在线调试器调试数字信号控制器.现代企业教育, 2009: 1-2
40邸立明,韩宗奇,夏怀成,等.电控喷油器流量特性的仿真研究.汽车工程, 2009, 31(5): 451-456
41 Tyler. Vibration Reduction in a Variable Displacement Engine Using Pendulum Absorbers, 2003, 41(11): 98-105
42王玉海,宋健,李兴坤.基于模糊推理的驾驶员意图识别研究.公路交通科技, 2005, 22(12): 116 -121
43王玉海,宋健,李兴坤.驾驶员意图与行驶环境的统一识别及实时算法.机械工程学报, 2006, 42(4): 210-216
44 Ashley, Steven, Firing on Half-Cylinders ,Scientific American, v 291, n 6, December, 2004
45 Sherman, Don Cylinders Take a Snooze Automotive Industries AI, v 184, n 5, May, 2004
46 Kimberley, William Footprints for the Future,Automotive Engineer (London), v 29, n 2, February, 2004
47杨妙梁.可变排量发动机技术的发展.汽车与配件, 2008: 32-35
48何忠波,白鸿柏,孔庆春.基于驾驶员意图的AMT车辆控制研究.军械工程学院学报, 2005, (17): 24-28
49刘晗辉,金惟惟,靳东明.一种用于发动机怠速控制的模糊控制器.微电子学,2007, (2): 25-31
50 Zeng Ke, Liu Bing, Huang Zuohua. Design of Electronic Control Unit(ECU)for Gasoline Engines. Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering, 2005, 26(10): 27-31
51赵策伟. BJQ-Ⅲ微机自控汽车局部闭缸技术.节能技术, 1990, (5): 25-26
52杨胜兵.线控转向系统控制策略研究. [武汉理工大学工学博士论文]. 2008: 60-68
53杨洪敏,苏万华,汪洋,等.高压共轨式喷油器的无量纲几何参数对喷油规律和喷油特性一致性影响的研究.内燃机学报, 2000, 18(3): 244-249.
54肖琼,颜伏伍,邹华,等.电控喷油器流量特性试验台的开发与试验分析.中国机械工程, 2005, 16(16): 1419-1422
55李育学,张静秋,欧阳光耀.电控喷油器的优化设计.内燃机学报, 2006, 24(3):270-275
56谭德荣.小排量汽油机燃油喷射控制系统及其优化技术研究. [武汉理工大学工学博士论文]. 2006: 15-22